共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 105 毫秒
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中国水库农村移民安置方式比较分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
水库移民的安置方式多种多样,不同的安置方式产生不同的社会、经济和生态效应。目前中国水库移民安置的重点是农村移民,利用文献综述法和实证研究对中国各地典型的水库农村移民安置方式进行比较分析,得出各种方式的优点和不足以及可能适用的时期、地区和人群。在此基础上,根据移民安置方式选择需要考虑的因素,结合建设社会主义新农村和加速乡村城镇化进程的基本国策,提出了符合当前中国国情的水库农村移民安置方式,为农村移民因地制宜、因人而异地选择合理的安置方式提供参考。 相似文献
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云南大型水电工程后靠移民区耕地利用存在问题及对策—以漫湾电站为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国家拟在澜沧江、金沙江、怒江干流上建多个大型水电站,届时云南省将因此产生水电工程移民约45万人.后靠移民是目前电站移民安置中采取的方式之一.通过对漫湾电站后靠安置移民区的耕地结构、空间分布及坡度等条件进行分析,总结得出后靠安置移民区内耕地利用中存在的问题,提出相应的建议与对策,并建议在今后云南省大型水电工程的移民安置过程中注重耕地补偿的"保质保量"、移民安置区的基础设施建设及安置规划的"以移民为本". 相似文献
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生态移民过程具有规模性、集中性等特点,其对安置区土地利用产生最直接的变化,理论上具有显性或潜在的生态风险。以我国最大的生态扶贫移民集中区-宁夏红寺堡区为例,以1995年、2005年和2015年三期遥感数据为基础,综合运用景观格局指数、生态风险指数、空间分析法构建生态风险指数,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能对研究区生态风险的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：1995-2015年间安置区景观格局发生较大的变化,草地面积减少29 744.04 hm2,耕地、林地、水域以及建设用地面积分别增加了18 979.73、4 167.343 6、672.193 3、4 314.280 6 hm2,沙地和未利用地变化幅度较大,但其研究始末面积变化不大。研究区景观生态风险空间分布变化明显,且呈现出由集中连片式分布转向零散式的多核地域分布的变化格局,其中高度风险区主要分布在柳泉乡的东北角、小罗山西麓地区以及大河乡的中部和西南部,较高风险区在安置区北部地区以及大河乡的中西部地区分布较为广泛,较低和低度风险区则主要分布在罗山周边地区、柳泉乡的东南部、太阳山镇的西南部以及红寺堡镇的南部等地区。研究期间安置区高生态风险区面积大幅度减少,较高风险区和低度生态风险区面积不断增加,因此生态风险总体呈减弱趋势。安置区生态风险值呈现出显著的空间正相关关系,在空间上存在着空间集聚效应,说明安置区生态风险时空分布与人类活动、土地利用强度之间关系密切。 相似文献
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汉寿县是国家、湖南省确定的移民安置重点地区和示范地区，以移民问卷调查作为研究基础，对移民安置模式及移民出向等特征进行分析评价。汉寿县基本移民安置模式为：（1）从退田还湖角度，为利于农业生产，实施单退和双退安置；（2）从移民建镇角度，采取集中安置和分散安置；（3）转垸建镇和筑台建镇等模式。目前移民安置中存在的主要问题是耕地不足，人地矛盾突出，移民就业难，地方工业吸纳移民少等。认为移民安置要与展生态农业、发展农村工业和推动城镇化相互作用，切实做好移民生产、生计安置，综合考虑移民长远发展，并为洞庭湖区移民安置的长远规划提供战略参考。 相似文献
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生态移民是新时期我国实施可持续发展战略的一种新兴措施,能加快绿化进程、改善生态环境、增加农民收入、实现可持续发展的目标,对社会、经济、环境及人口发展都有重要意义。而生态移民的安置模式的选择是生态移民中最为关键的一个环节,本文以兴安盟扎赉特旗的生态移民为例,分析研究区不同安置方式的生态移民实施前后效果,并提出适合扎赉特旗的生态移民安置模式。 相似文献
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黄土高原是中国最重要的生态区之一,黄土高原区的生态移民问题在全国具有重要地位.山西吉县是黄土高原生态区的缩影,吉县的生态移民在迁移成因类型、安置模式等方面具有典型性.因此以吉县为研究对象进行生态移民县域区划研究,以土壤侵蚀敏感性、生境敏感性的结果为基础;通过叠加县域社会经济数据,以地域分异原则、综合性原则、主导因素原则为区划原则;采用遥感解译、野外调研、因子分析等方法进行生态移民区划.将区划体系分为移民迁入区、移民过渡区、潜在迁出区、重点迁出区4类.研究结论可为山西省乃至全国的生态移民宏观决策提供理论依据. 相似文献
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城市外来低收入移民安置与自下而上城市发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国在由二元经济社会跨入现代经济社会的过程中，众多的农村人口的向城市流动和转移，已经给中国社会和城市发展带来严重的影响，通过对广州市和东莞市两市三个层次的一般抽样调查和50个镇村的重点调查和分析，以城市外来低收入移民为研究和安置的对象，提出了适合中国情况的自下而上的开发性移民自动安置模式；并分析了自助安置模式对城市发展的影响，提出了一种在城市地域发生的自下而上的城市化理论发展假设。 相似文献
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This article targets the role of intermediaries, such as refugee resettlement programs, in altering the geography of the foreign‐born. It argues that, under such intermediaries, destination choice within the United States is largely determined not by economic mechanisms but instead by information‐related factors such as friction of distance, migration chains, labor procurement, and resettlement intermediaries. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) destinations are grouped into four profiles based on their mix of foreign‐born. The result is sets of MSAs differentiated by the era of immigration, immigrant origins, geographic pattern, and place characteristics that draw migrants. To evaluate intermediary impacts, monies allocated to states by the Office of Refugee Resettlement, refugee resettlement by state, and refugee movements to MSAs are expressed as a Refugee Resettlement Index and linked to MSA profiles. We conclude that although refugees constitute only a portion of total immigration, their effects are disproportionately large in terms of changing the foreign‐born profiles of MSAs and other communities, changing the fabric of society, and changing the geography of the foreign‐born in all its ramifications. 相似文献
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以受汶川“5.12”地震和“7.10”特大山洪泥石流灾害严重影响的汶川县原草坡乡为例，从农户风险感知现状出发，考察风险感知对搬迁意愿和搬迁行为的不同影响。研究结果表明：农户对自然灾害风险感知越强、对搬迁安置风险感知越弱，其搬迁意愿越强；较高的自然灾害风险感知会提高农户搬离灾害隐患点或风险区的概率，较强的搬迁安置风险感知会降低农户全家搬迁的可能性；搬迁安置风险感知对未搬迁和部分搬迁农户的影响程度超过自然灾害风险感知的影响。基于汶川县原草坡乡的实证研究，提出避灾搬迁安置决策中的“双重风险感知”假说。 相似文献
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In the Shulehe River Basin, policy of resettlement was very effective in handling agricultural development and livelihood problems in regions of poverty limited by topography, climate, or infrastructure. Thus, since 1996–1997, the Shulehe River Basin resettlement project transferred roughly 7.5×104 people from areas of Dingxi, Longxi or Minxian which could not offer sufficient resources for the residents. Meanwhile, construction facilities such as the reservoir, which underpins the resettlement project, also triggered an internal migration of people away from the reservoir to other parts of the Shulehe River Basin. This large scale migration derived apparent effects in water resources, land use and cover change, agricultural structure as well as landscapes. Results show that total arable land expanded by 3.1×108 m2, cattle numbers maintained a stable level of 1×104, pigs declined to a low level due to market trends, and sheep numbers soared from 17.44×104 to 73.57×104. However, greening and afforestation increased while croplands maintained a rational tendency accompanying with greening area expansion. From the standpoint of integration, the Shulehe River Basin resettlement policy fulfilled its previous goals of improving the inhabitants' livelihood and the capacity of environment when spatial residues including environmental capacity and resources consumption for sustainable development are still positive conditions. 相似文献
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基于2016年农户访谈和调查数据，依托脆弱度整合评价模型（VSD）从暴露度、敏感性、适应能力3个层次共选取了29个指标，构建了宁夏生态移民安置区人地耦合系统脆弱性评价指标体系，使用熵权法、综合指数法及函数模型评价法评价和分析其脆弱程度、特征和空间分异，并借助障碍度模型对脆弱性障碍因子进行了识别。结果表明：（1）宁夏生态移民脆弱性呈现明显的“级差化”分异特征，平均脆弱性指数为0.151 1，总体处于较强脆弱状态。（2）宁夏生态移民人地耦合系统整体较为脆弱，表现为：中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区>南部山区，在空间上呈现“中部高南北低”的地域分布特征。暴露度表现为：南部山区>中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区；敏感性表现为：中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区>南部山区；适应能力表现为：南部山区>北部引黄灌区>中部干旱带。（3）成年劳动力受教育程度、家庭成年劳动力职业技能水平、是否参与社区建设和社区管理、能否获得贷款机会、对土地质量满意度（温棚）和家庭借贷金额等是影响宁夏生态移民安置区人地耦合系统脆弱性的主导因素。 相似文献
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This paper reviews involuntary resettlement resulting from dam-building, which has been ignored relative to the dominant focus of migration research in China, rural to urban migration. Reservoir resettlement in China has a long history, often of misery and hardship for those displaced. Relocatees affected by the Three Gorges Project (1994–2009) on the Yangtze River face a similar situation. In China priority has been given to building the dam to provide electricity, flood control and navigation. Less attention has been paid to the problems of the people affected by the reservoir inundation. The rural population forced to relocate and rural-urban migrants in general have been discriminated against by national policies. 相似文献
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内城区户籍贫困空间剥夺式重构研究——基于南京10843份拆迁安置数据 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采用南京内城区2001-2011 年期间10843 户贫困家庭的拆迁安置数据,探讨内城区户籍贫困空间格局及其重构特征。通过空间自相关与空间聚类等研究方法,对城市拆迁发生前内城区22 个街道的贫困家庭分布格局分析发现:① 样本贫困群体在街道尺度上社会经济属性相对均质,主要贫困属性因子的空间自相关性不强;② 内城区户籍贫困空间格局具有良好的历史延续性,总体上呈分散布局并遵循着自然渐进式的空间演化模式;③ 拆迁安置导致内城区贫困空间发生由中心至边缘、由分散到集中的重构,而且这种贫困空间边缘化过程具有强烈的不可逆性;④ 贫困家庭的物质居住条件通过拆迁安置得以改善,代价是因搬离内城而远离商业区、重点中小学、三甲医院和地铁站点等城市优质公共资源。内城区贫困空间剥夺式重构过程中,城市优势区位的丧失有可能导致贫困家庭的交通、就业与生活成本增加,向上流动机会减少。 相似文献
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Resettlement of people displaced by dam projects is an important development issue. Land lost due to the Three Gorges reservoir inundation and the adjustment of land-use policy in China resulted in land-use changes, and impacted on the human carrying capacity of the land and the land availability for resettlement. The Chinese government has implemented a ‘development-oriented resettlement’ policy and a ‘near resettlement’ approach to relocating rural dwellers affected by the Three Gorges Project (TGP). Based on recent land-use survey and population data of the case study area and using GIS-based multi-criteria analysis in land-use planning, this study analyses the characteristics and changes of land use in both the inundation and resettlement areas. Undeveloped land is scarce in both areas. The non-flooded cultivated land is distributed mainly on steep slopes (over 25 degrees). There is a discrepancy between the amount of land required by those being resettled and what is available in the designated resettlement communities. This study suggests that resettlement should consider the human carrying capacity of the land and, from a community standpoint, sheds light on the interplay between land-use planning and resettlement, and provides constructive suggestions for TGP resettlement strategies. 相似文献
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Yan Tan 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(1):97-119
ABSTRACTThe relationship between climate change and human displacement is an important topic of global concern. China is a special case due to a high level of government control enforcing the ecological migration of millions of people since the mid-1980s. Little research has addressed how resettled people adapt to climate impacts in ecologically vulnerable resettlement areas and what factors influence their intentions to relocate again or adapt locally. Employing a social-ecological system approach, this study builds a conceptual econometric framework which differentiates two steps that drive migration intention at the household level. The study uses this approach to examine the role of both contextual and household factors in motivating the migration intentions of resettled people in the largest environmental resettlement area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, where household survey data were collected in 2012. This framework enabled an analysis, first, of how local contextual factors and household factors shape the severity of climate impacts on households and, second, how these factors interact with the experience of climate impacts to further influence a household’s migration intention as a response to climate impacts. The results show that some contextual factors (such as limited use of water-saving techniques, little practice of cultivating aridity-resistant crops, and lack of government support), strong local social networks and being in receipt of low rates of financial remittances have significant associations with adverse climate impacts experienced by resettled households, and also with their anticipated further relocation to respond to these impacts. 相似文献