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1.
明确不同生态系统土壤碳排放规律及其影响因素对准确评估全球碳循环具有重要意义。为揭示干旱区典型盐湖沿岸土壤呼吸（Rs）、土壤呼吸温度敏感系数（Q10）变化特征及其影响因素，以新疆干旱区达坂城盐湖和巴里坤湖沿岸土壤为研究对象，在2015—2016年5~10月利用LI-8100土壤碳通量自动测量系统对盐湖沿岸土壤呼吸速率进行测定，分析了土壤呼吸季节性变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明，干旱区盐湖土壤呼吸变幅较大（0.07~11.59 μmol·m-2·s-1），平均值为2.45 μmol·m-2·s-1，7月土壤呼吸速率最高为4.69 μmol·m-2·s-1，10月最低（1.01 μmol·m-2·s-1）；土壤CO2累积排放量为9.30 g·m-2·d-1，7月累积排放量最大为17.82 g·m-2·d-1。Q10呈“降低—增加—降低”趋势，6月最低（2.25）9月最高（3.52），平均值为2.79。干旱区盐湖沿岸土壤呼吸受土壤有机碳（SOC）、5 cm土壤温度（ST5）、土壤含水量（SM）和土壤盐分（Salt）的共同影响，单因素模型模拟可解释土壤呼吸速率变化的41.7%~75.7%（R2=0.417~0.757，P＜0.05），多因子综合模型拟合结果最佳Rs=0.001×SOC+0.039×SM-0.534×Salt-0.116×ST5+5.06（R2=0.804，P=0.05），且均表明盐分是影响干旱区盐湖沿岸土壤呼吸速率的主要因子。因此，在考虑陆地生态系统碳收支和碳循环时不能忽略干旱区盐湖沿岸土壤碳过程，以及盐分对盐湖生态系统碳排放的影响。 相似文献
2.
土壤呼吸不仅是反映土壤生物活性的重要指标，也是全球碳循环研究中备受关注的热点问题。在地处典型干旱区的石羊河下游，以流动沙丘和去除土壤结皮人工梭梭林为对照，采用LI-8100土壤碳通量监测系统研究了栽植约40 a、30 a、10 a和5 a的人工梭梭林生长季和非生长季的土壤呼吸日变化，并分析了土壤水分和温度对土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明：（1）不同林龄梭梭林生长季和非生长季土壤呼吸速率的日变化均为明显的单峰曲线，且呈现出一定的波动性，日最大排放速率出现在12:00～14:00时，最小值出现在8:00时左右。（2）梭梭林营造和去结皮处理显著提高了沙漠土壤呼吸速率，而且不同林龄土壤呼吸速率大体上随着种植年限的增加而递增，表现为MC >40 a>30 a>10 a>MS >5 a，非生长季表现为MC >40 a>10 a>5 a>30 a>MS。（3）不同林龄梭梭林土壤呼吸速率均具有明显的季节变化特征，生长季（8 月）的土壤呼吸作用明显强于非生长季（1月）。（4）相关性分析表明，生长季和非生长季土壤呼吸均与0～5 cm土壤水分显著相关，且均呈二次曲线关系，分别为Y =-0.205 8X 2+0.946 5X-0.316 6（R 2 =0.506 2，P= 0.041 7）和Y= 0.118 7 X 2+0.156 3X+0.118 8（R 2=0.675 7，P =0.001 1）；但与10 cm土壤温度的相关性不显著，土壤水分是影响人工梭梭林土壤呼吸的关键因素。该研究进一步证明了人工梭梭林的营造有效改善了沙漠土壤的生物活性，提高了土壤碳通量水平，以土壤结皮破坏为基本特征的人工梭梭林退化和沙漠化必然在短期内加剧碳排放。因此，需要在沙漠地区合理营造人工林，并在造林和林业管理过程中注意保护土壤结皮，以减少CO2排放。 相似文献
3.
The priming effect is well acknowledged in soil systems but the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization remains elusive. To explore how N modifies the priming effect in soil organic matter (SOM), one in situ experiment with 13C labeled glucose addition (0.4 mg C g-1 soil, 3.4 atom % 13C) was conducted on soil plots fertilized with three gradients of urea (0, 4 and 16 g N m-2 yr-1). After glucose addition, the soil CO2 concentration and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were measured on day 3, 7, 21 and 35. The study found that N fertilization decreased soil CO2, PLFA and the fungi to bacteria ratio. Glucose triggered the strongest positive priming in soil at 0 g N m-2 yr-2, meanwhile N fertilization decreased SOM-derived CO2. Soil at 4 g N m-2 yr-2 released the largest amount of glucose-derived carbon (C), likely due to favorable nutrient stoichiometry between C and N. Stable microbial community biomass and composition during early sampling suggests “apparent priming” in this grassland. This study concludes that N fertilization inhibited soil priming in semi-arid grassland, and shifted microbial utilization of C substrate from SOM to added labile C. Diverse microbial functions might be playing a crucial role in soil priming and requires attention in future N fertilization studies. 相似文献
4.
The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is an important resource for estimating the national carbon balance (These data were unpublished data, and we could only obtain the data before 2008 through data search by now). Based on the data from sample plots, the literature, and NFI, as well as the relationships between volume, biomass, annual litterfall and soil respiration of different forest types, the net ecosystem production (NEP), changes in forest biomass carbon storage (△Cbiomass) and non-respiratory losses (NR) of China’s forests during 1999-2008 were estimated, and the forest soil carbon sequestration (△Csoil) was assessed according to the carbon balance principle of the forest ecosystem (△Csoil = NEP - NR - △Cbiomass). The results showed that the total NEP, △Cbiomass, NR and △Csoil values for China’s forests were 157.530, 48.704, 31.033 and 77.793 Tg C yr-1 respectively, and average NEP, △Cbiomass, NR, and △Csoil values were 101.247, 31.303, 19.945 and 49.999 g C m-2 yr-1 respectively. There were large spatial differences in forest soil carbon sequestration in different parts of China. The forest soil in Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Guangxi and Liaoning served as carbon sources and the carbon released was about 25.507 Tg C yr-1. The other 22 provinces served as carbon sinks and the average carbon sequestration by forest soil came to 103.300 Tg C yr-1. This research established a method for evaluating soil carbon sequestration by China’s forests based on the NFI, which is a useful supplement to current statistical data-based studies on the forest ecosystem carbon cycle, and can promote comparable studies on forest soil carbon sequestration with consistent research methods at the regional scale. 相似文献
5.
黑土区土壤有机质和全氮含量遥感反演研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以东北典型黑土区耕地为研究区,以Sentinel-2A（全球环境与安全监测计划的第二颗卫星,于2015年6月23日发射）影像作为数据源,构建光谱指数,分别采用多元逐步线性回归（Multiple Stepwise Linear Regression, MSLR）和随机森林（Random Forest, RF）算法建立土壤有机质（SOM）和土壤全氮（STN）预测模型,并采用十折交叉验证方法评估模型的性能。研究对比分析了不同气候、土壤类型和地形下土壤有机质和全氮的空间分布差异。研究表明：① 海伦示范区的SOM和STN含量最高,其年均温最低,高程最高,年降水量多,SOM含量升高,其年均温最低,年降水量多,STN含量升高;② 与基于多元逐步线性回归算法建立的SOM和STN预测模型相比,随机森林算法建立的SOM和STN预测模型,有着更高的精度和稳定性;③ 运用RF算法建立的SOM反演模型的R2为0.96,均方根误差为5.49 g/kg,STN反演模型的R2为0.95,均方根误差为0.27 g/kg; ④ 不同示范区统一建立SOM和STN预测模型,有助于提高预测精度,实现跨区域建模与制图。 相似文献
6.
In arid and semi-arid environments, desert vegetation plays an important role in preventing soil erosion by wind and helps maintain the stability of desert and oasis ecosystems. Four types of typical desert vegetation, namely Populus euphratica, Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria sibirica, and Halostachs caspica, corresponding to different habitats (i.e., river bank, sand dune, desert, and salt marsh) were chosen as the model vegetation in this research. The δ2H and δ18O for rainwater, soil water, and plant water were applied to identify the water sources and quantify the proportions of different water sources used over the entire plant growth period (from March to October). The results showed that the precipitation δ2H and δ18O in the Ebinur Lake basin varied from -142.5‰ to -0.6‰ and from -20.16‰ to 1.20‰, respectively. The largest δ2H and δ18O values occurred in summer and the smallest in winter. The soil water δ2H and δ18O of the four habitats decreased gradually with increasing depth. The δ2H and δ18O values of water extracted from the stems of the four plants had similar variation trends, that is, the maximum was observed in spring and the minimum in summer. Among the four plants, H. caspica had the highest stable isotopic values in the stem water, followed by N. sibirica, H. ammodendron, and P. euphratica. The water sources and utilization ratios of desert vegetation varied across different growth stages. Throughout the growing period, H. ammodendron mainly used groundwater, whereas the water source proportions used by N. sibirica varied greatly throughout the growing season. In spring, plants mainly relied on surface soil water, with a contribution rate of 80%-94%. However, in summer, the proportion of deep soil water used was 31%-36%; and in autumn, the proportion of middle soil water used was 33%-36%. H. caspica mainly relied on topsoil water in spring and autumn, and the proportion of soil water in the middle layer slightly increased to 20%-36% in summer. P. euphratica mainly used intermediate soil water in spring with a utilization rate of 53%-54%. In summer, groundwater was the main source, with a utilization rate of 72%-88%, and only 2%-5% came from river water, whereas in autumn, the river water utilization rate rose to 11%-21%. The results indicated that there were significant differences in water use sources during the growing period for desert vegetation in arid areas. This research provides a theoretical basis for understanding water use mechanisms, water adaptation strategies, and vegetation restoration and management in arid areas. 相似文献
7.
土壤碳同位素可以反映生长植被的同位素组成,从而进一步反映当时的植被类型以及气候环境状况。已有的研究显示,不同地区碳同位素与气候因子的关系存在显著差异,因此在不同区域开展土壤碳同位素与气候因子之间相关性关系分析对古气候的重建至关重要。通过采集塔里木盆地西缘帕米尔地区和盆地南缘和田地区策勒县的表土沉积物,分析测定后获得其有机碳同位素,并将该表土有机碳同位素数据与气候因子进行相关性分析,以探明研究区有机碳同位素组成特征及其潜在的气候意义。结果表明：帕米尔地区和策勒地区的表土碳同位素变化对气候因子的响应存在明显差异。气温方面,帕米尔地区与气温呈正相关,其中与冷季气温相关性最好（r=0.598,P<0.01）;策勒地区与气温呈负相关,其中与暖季气温相关性最好（r=-0.684,P<0.01）。降水方面,帕米尔地区与降水量的相关性不显著;策勒地区与年均降水量呈弱负相关,与暖季降水量呈弱正相关,与冷季降水量呈显著的负相关关系（r=-0.632,P<0.01）。上述分析表明基于沉积物有机碳同位素来重建古气候时应充分考虑区域差异的影响。 相似文献
8.
利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法在植物生长旺季测算了内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原的土壤微生物呼吸、土壤呼吸和生态系统呼吸。地温和水分是植物生长旺季呼吸最重要的影响因素。地温在水分条件适宜的情况下可以解释CO2通量的部分变化(R2 = 0.376~0.655)。土壤水分含量也可以解释土壤呼吸和生态系统呼吸的部分变化(R2 = 0.314~0.583),但基本不能解释土壤微生物呼吸的变化(R2 = 0.063)。即使在较高温度下,较低的土壤水分含量(≤ 5%) 也会显著的抑制CO2排放。长期干旱后降雨使CO2通量在高温下迅速增大。基于5 cm地温和0~10 cm土壤水分含量的双变量模型可以解释CO2通量约70%的变化。观测期间,土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸的比例介于47.3%~72.4%之间,平均为59.4%;根呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例介于11.7%~51.7%之间,平均为20.5%。由于植物体去除引起的土壤水分含量上升可能使我们对土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸比例的估计略微偏高,根呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例略微偏低。 相似文献
9.
沙区植被恢复对土壤微生物量及活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
土壤微生物是生态系统功能及养分循环的关键影响因素,对土壤质量变化有重要的指示意义。研究了干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤微生物量及微生物活性的变化特征及其季节动态。结果表明：固沙植被区土壤微生物量碳氮和土壤基础呼吸显著大于流动沙丘,总体上表现为同一土层土壤微生物量碳氮和基础呼吸速率随植被恢复年限的延长而增加,而同一年代植被区则随土层深度的增加而减小。土壤微生物代谢熵随固沙年限的延长呈下降趋势,随土层深度的增加而增大。土壤微生物量和基础呼吸呈现出明显的季节变化,表现为夏季 >秋季 >春季 >冬季,且随着恢复年限的延长其变化幅度增大;微生物代谢熵不存在明显的季节变化。土壤微生物属性能够较好地反映沙区植被恢复引发的土壤质量变化。 相似文献
10.
干旱区大尺度土壤盐度信息环境建模——以新疆天山南北中低海拔冲积平原为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
区域空间信息有助于决策者针对特定潜在和既定的土壤盐渍化区域制定改良和优化政策,以避免灌区水土资源的不合理配置和干旱区土地生态系统持续性退化。然而现存区域尺度土壤盐度数据以矢量方式留存,多边形内部土壤属性无空间变异性,缺乏实时更新,对当下实际指导作用具有一定的局限性。随着人类活动的加剧,土壤及其结构性退化正加速危害土壤质量和健康。对此,急需更新或升级,用于刻画干旱区生态系统中土壤盐度数据,以辅助制定相关政策,减缓土壤盐渍化的危害。针对此问题,本文基于代表性等级的采样设计方法（Integrative Hierarchical Sampling Strategy, IHSS）,获取少量典型样点,结合土壤—环境推理模型（soil land inference model, SoLIM）,尝试推理区域尺度土壤盐分含量信息。研究以新疆天山南北中低海拔冲积平原为案例,仅以23个代表性样本,推理陆表（0~10 cm）土壤盐分含量,源自3个典型绿洲94个野外样本的验证数据显示,依据评判标准,预测结果与实际情况较为相符,与线性回归模型相比,具备处理土壤与环境变量之间非线性关系的SoLIM,推理精度更高。所以,研究认为模糊隶属度加权平均的方法（IHSS-SoLIM）可以通过较小的建模点得到更好的预测效果,可作为区域尺度土壤盐度推理的备选方案。 相似文献
11.
A laboratory incubation experiment was established to examine the impacts of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen additions on soil microbial attributes of a subtropical Pinus elliottii forest ecosystem in southern China. Soils were subjected to three different treatments: the control with no nitrogen addition (CK), the ammonium nitrogen addition (NH4+-N), and the nitrate nitrogen addition (NO3--N). Samples from bulk and two different size fractions (macroaggregate (>250 μm) and microaggregate (53-250 μm)) were analyzed for soil properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities on day 7 and 15 of the incubation. Our study demonstrated that NH4+-N had a greater influence on soil microbial activities than NO3--N. NH4+-N additions resulted in significant increases in β-1,4-glucosidase (βG) and β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme activities in bulk, macroaggregate and microaggregate soils after 7 and 15 days incubation. NO3--N additions only significantly increased in βG and NAG enzyme activities in bulk, macroaggregate soils after 7 and 15 days incubation, but not in microaggregate. All NH4+-N and NO3--N additions resulted in significant increases in gram-positive bacterial PLFAs in microaggregates. Only a significant correlation between soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in macroaggregates was founded, which suggests that the soil aggregation structure played an important role in the determining enzyme activities. 相似文献
12.
利用2009年地面实测资料,分析中国西北地区不同气候区潜热、感热及其与净辐射之比随土壤体积含水量、土壤温度及入射辐射的变化特征,并结合2000—2018年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)产品讨论特征空间法在中国西北地区的适用性。结果表明:在以玛曲站为代表的高寒湿润区,入射能量始终是潜热的主导因素,用于潜热估算的斜率φ可直接取1.26,潜热估算精度依赖于净辐射的反演结果。在以兰州大学半干旱气候与环境监测站(SACOL,榆中站)和长武站为代表的半干旱、半湿润区,当入射能量充足时,土壤水分成为潜热的主导因子,这时候使用特征空间法估算的斜率φ值与实测值相关性显著,φ的估算精度将直接影响潜热估算结果。所以,特征空间法适用于以水分为潜热主导因子的地区和时段,且要满足植被指数与地表温度呈负相关。另外需要注意的是在选择特征空间法研究区时必须保证植被指数与地表温度的散点呈规则的“三角形”。 相似文献
13.
艾比湖流域典型荒漠植被水分利用来源研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在以风沙和干旱为基本特征的干旱、半干旱生态环境中,荒漠植被在防风固沙及维持荒漠和绿洲生态系统的稳定性方面有重要作用。选取艾比湖流域不同生境（河岸、沙丘、荒漠、盐沼）典型荒漠植被胡杨（Populus euphratica）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、白刺（Nitraria sibirica）和盐穗木（Halostachys caspica）为研究对象,运用稳定同位素方法分析降水、土壤水、植株水和地下水同位素组成变化特征,量化4种植被在整个生长期内吸水来源及比例。结果表明：① 艾比湖流域降水δ2H和δ18O值变化范围为-142.5‰~-0.6‰和-20.16‰~1.20‰,表现为夏季最大,冬季最小,春秋季居中的态势。② 4类生境条件下的土壤水δ2H和δ18O值沿剖面总体表现为随着深度增加逐渐减小;不同植株茎水δ2H和δ18O值时间变化趋势基本一致,春季最大,夏季最小,秋季又逐渐增加;不同植株间比较,盐穗木茎水稳定同位素值最大,其余依次为白刺、梭梭和胡杨。③ 荒漠植被在不同生长期吸水来源及利用比例不同,梭梭在整个生长期主要利用地下水;白刺利用水源比例在整个生长季内变化较大,春季主要利用表层土壤水,贡献率为80%~94%,夏季利用深层土壤水的比例为31%~36%,秋季利用中层土壤水的比例达到33%~36%;盐穗木春季和秋季主要利用表层土壤水,夏季中间层土壤水比例略有提升,为20%~36%;胡杨春季主要利用中间层土壤水,利用比例为53%~54%,夏季主要利用地下水,比例达到72%~88%,河水利用比例仅为2%~5%,秋季河水利用比例升高为11%~21%。研究结果显示,干旱区荒漠植被生长季内水分利用来源差异明显。本文为了解干旱区荒漠植被的水分利用机理、水分适应策略,以及植被恢复和管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
National key eco-function zones for water and soil conservation are exceptionally fragile areas in terms of their eco-environments and are also severely affected by water and soil loss. They have been a focus of attention from all sectors of society. This research assesses important ecosystem service functions and their values using such indexes as NPP, soil conservation quantity and water conservation quantity. The result indicates that the ecosystem services of China’s eco-function zones for water and soil conservation are worth 3268.90×108 CNY in total, of which organic matter production accounts for 530.96×108 CNY, nutrient substance circulation and storage 301.91×108 CNY, carbon fixation and oxygen release 1616.16×108 CNY, soil conservation 442.70×108 CNY and water source conservation 816.20×108 CNY. Of the four functional zones, the Guangxi-Guizhou-Yunnan Area registers the highest value of 1551.30×108 CNY, and the Three Gorges Reservoir Area the lowest value of 448.15×108 CNY. In terms of ecosystem service value per unit of area, the Guangxi-Guizhou-Yunnan Area takes the first place, followed by Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Dabie Mountain Area, which are roughly equivalent, and finally the Loess Plateau Area is at the bottom. 相似文献
15.
砾石长期覆盖对土壤呼吸的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
砾石覆盖是西北黄土高原地区的传统保护性耕作技术,具有明显的蓄水、保墒、增温、压碱和保持地力作用。研究砾石覆盖农田系统中的土壤呼吸,有助于了解地面覆盖条件对CO2通量的影响和土壤健康状况。利用LI6400土壤呼吸系统对甘肃皋兰长期砾石覆盖农田(12年)不同覆盖厚度下的土壤呼吸进行了原位监测,并对环境因子与土壤呼吸的日变化相关性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)土壤呼吸的日变化与温度的变化一致,呈单峰型,砾石覆盖后土壤呼吸峰值出现在16:00—17:00,明显滞后于裸地出现的峰值时间(14:00—15:00),且峰值随着覆盖厚度的增加而减小;(2)土壤表层(0~10 cm)温度与土壤呼吸呈极显著幂函数关系(P<0.01),砾石覆盖降低了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q10),覆盖后两次监测中Q10为1.78~2.87(2017年)和1.70~1.96(2018年);(3)砾石覆盖后提高了夜间土壤呼吸,导致土壤呼吸的日累积碳排放量显著提高,随着覆盖厚度的增加而降低,覆盖处理中厚度为11 cm最小的碳排放量两次测量分别为2.00 g·m-2和0.90 g·m-2,比裸地分别增加了15%和18%;(4)土壤特征因子中,土壤水分、pH与土壤呼吸累积碳排放量呈正相关,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、电导率与土壤呼吸累积碳排放量呈负相关。 相似文献
16.
土壤有机碳矿化是调控土壤碳库时空格局、土壤碳收支平衡和植物养分供应的重要过程，植物残体和凋落物分解释放CO2直接影响着土壤有机碳矿化。研究了不同类型凋落物对腾格里沙漠东南缘建植于1956年的人工固沙植被区土壤有机碳矿化过程及其对水分和温度的响应特征。结果表明：凋落物添加显著促进了有机碳矿化，添加柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）、油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）、小画眉草（Eragrostis minor）凋落物后，CO2-C最大矿化速率分别增大了6.94、5.17、3.46倍，0~5 cm层土壤是5~10 cm层土壤的1.09、1.55、1.22倍；CO2-C累积释放量分别增加了3.73、3.38、2.34倍，0~5 cm层土壤是5~10 cm层土壤的1.17、1.30、1.57倍。凋落物对有机碳矿化的促进作用与温度和水分密切相关，25℃时，CO2-C平均释放速率、最大释放速率、累积碳释放量分别是10℃的2.21、3.60、2.21倍，而含水量10%时，CO2-C平均释放速率、最大释放速率和累积碳释放量分别是含水量5%时的1.25、1.20、1.25倍。相关性分析表明，凋落物碳氮含量、碳氮比、木质素比氮和土壤有机碳以及全氮是影响有机碳矿化的主要因子。凋落添加土壤后潜在可矿化碳表现为柠条锦鸡儿>油蒿>小画眉草>对照。凋落物添加显著促进了有机碳矿化过程及碳周转，植被恢复过程中草本植物凋落物的输入更有利于土壤碳固存，凋落物对土壤碳库的调控作用受土壤理化性质和水热等环境因子的共同作用影响。 相似文献
17.
GAO Wei LIN Meimei HUANG Yongrong HUANG Shide YE Gongfu HUANG Zhiqun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(5):454-465
Coastal sand dune ecosystems generally have infertile soil with low water-holding capacity and high salinity. However, many plant species have adapted to the harsh sand environment along the southeastern coast of China. Studying the microbial biomass in such an ecosystem can improve our understanding of the roles that microbes play in soil fertility and nutrient cycling. We investigated the differences in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents and their seasonal dynamics in five forest types (a secondary forest and plantations of Casuarinas, Pine, Acacia, and Eucalyptus). The results indicated that the seasonal variations of soil MBC and MBN contents in all five forest stands were higher in spring and winter, but lower in summer and autumn. The MBC content was lower in the Casuarinas plantation than in the other plantations in the same soil layer. However, no significant differences were observed in MBN contents among the different forest types. The MBC and MBN concentrations were positively correlated with soil moisture, but negatively correlated with soil temperature. The MBC and MBN contents also decreased with increasing soil depth. Across all soil layers, secondary forest had the highest MBC and MBN concentrations. Our study also showed that the MBC and MBN contents were positively affected by total soil carbon (TC), pH, and litter N content, but were negatively impacted by soil bulk density and litter C content. Moreover, the MBN content was positively correlated with root N content. In summary, environmental factors and the differences in litter and fine roots, soil nutrient contents, as well as the soil physical and chemical properties caused by different tree species collectively affected the concentrations of the soil MBC and MBN. 相似文献
18.
不同降雨量下人工重建林土壤性状及微生物特性比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析和比较了甘肃省中部典型黄土丘陵区不同降雨量下人工重建林土壤性状及微生物特性.结果表明:随降水量的增加,土壤含水量升高,pH值变化不明显;土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳、微生物量氮含量均表现为以400 mm降水量为分界线,降水量≥400 mm样地的含量显著高于降水量<400 mm样地(p<0.05);降水量为500 mm样地的全磷、速效磷、速效钾含量及土壤微生物呼吸最高,但土壤微生物呼吸熵为200 mm降水量样地最高;微生物熵变化不显著.相关性分析表明,不同降水量梯度下,土壤理化性质与微生物特性之间存在不同程度的相关性. 相似文献
19.
土壤电导率 (Electrical conductivity, EC)是评价土壤盐渍化的重要指标。通过实测新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区土壤EC及可见光—近红外光谱数据，利用波谱响应技术模拟Landsat 8 OLI、Sentinel 2、Sentinel 3卫星的宽波段数据。构建宽波段模拟数据及其5种预处理后的三维光谱指数 (Three-dimensional spectral index, TDSI)，采用梯度提升回归树算法 (Gradient boosting regression tree, GBRT) 建立3种卫星土壤EC估算模型，并比对加入TDSI后模型精度的变化。结果表明：在不同土壤EC条件下，3种卫星具有相似的光谱趋势，均在红、近红外波段附近反射率较高；TDSI与土壤EC相关性基本均在0.4以上，最大程度保留了与土壤EC敏感度高的红、绿、蓝、近红外、短波红外波段信息；GBRT对于土壤EC估算能力表现突出，3种卫星对土壤EC的最佳预测精度R2分别为0.831、0.847、0.903，在加入TDSI后，R2分别提高至0.835、0.857、0.935，综合分析发现，Sentinel
3对土壤EC估算效果最佳 (R2=0.935，均方根误差RMSE=2.986 mS·cm-1，赤池信息准则AIC=57.500)。通过利用波谱响应技术结合TDSI深度挖掘波段间的协同信息，采用GBRT验证了不同卫星对土壤R2的估算效果，二者相结合可以有效提升模型预测精度，为干旱区土壤盐渍化定量监测与防控提供有利指导。 相似文献
20.
Ditte Strebel Bo Elberling Elke Morgner Heike E. Knicker & Elisabeth J. Cooper 《Polar research》2010,29(1):46-57
The influence of goose grazing intensity and open-topped chambers (OTCs) on near-surface quantities and qualities of soil organic carbon (SOC) was evaluated in wet and mesic ecosystems in Svalbard. This study followed up a field experiment carried out in 2003–05 (part of the project Fragility of Arctic Goose Habitat: Impacts of Land Use, Conservation and Elevated Temperatures). New measurements of soil CO2 effluxes, temperatures and water contents were regularly made from July to November 2007. SOC stocks were quantified, and the reactivity and composition measured by basal soil respiration (BSR) and solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results reveal variations in soil carbon cycling, with significant seasonal trends controlled by temperature, water content and snow. Experimental warming (OTCs) increased near-surface temperatures in the growing season, resulting in significantly higher CO2 effluxes. Different grazing intensities had no significant effects on observed soil respiration, but BSR rates at the mesic site (13–23 µg CO2 g soil-C−1 h−1 ) were highest with moderate grazing and lowest in the absence of grazing. A limited effect of grazing on microbial respiration is consistent with a lack of significant differences in SOC quantity and quality. NMR data show that the composition of A-horizon SOC is dominated by O-N-alkyl C and alkyl C groups, and less by carboxyl C and aromatic C groups: but again no marked variation in response to grazing was evident. It can be concluded that two years after a goose grazing experiment, SOC cycling was less than the natural variation within contrasting vegetation types. 相似文献