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Ecological compensation for desertification control: A review 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Desertification control is a crucial way to enhancing the ecological conditions of arid and semi-arid regions, and maintaining sustainable development globally. Designing and improving an ecological compensation mechanism for desertification control has great significance related to achieving balance amongst the needs of different economic subjects and the assurance of a sustained and stable supply of desert ecosystem services. In this paper, (1) the theoretical bases of ecological compensation for desertification control were re-analyzed; (2) the research status and challenges of three important topics related to ecological compensation for desertification control were systemically discussed, including compensation standards, ecosystem service supply-consumption process and multi-scale effects, and resource- environment basis and policy orientation; (3) a research framework of ecological compensation for desertification control based on the process of desert ecosystem service supply–flow–consumption was proposed; (4) and finally, seven priority research issues were discussed, which aimed to support ecological compensation policy-making and ecological engineering implementation for desertification control. 相似文献
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干旱区生态资产定量评估的技术体系 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
生态资产是生态系统生物资源直接价值及其生态服务功能价值的总和,干旱区支撑资源开发的生态环境相对比较脆弱,对生态资产价值进行评估是将其纳入社会与市场经济体系、引起社会对生态环境建设高度重视的必要条件。本文在评述了国内外有关生态资产评估研究进展的基础上,应用遥感技术、全球定位系统、地理信息系统(3S技术)对生态资产价值评估的技术方法进行了分析,然后根据干旱区生态资产测量的特征,建立了基于遥感的生态资产价值评估模型,同时提出了基于定量遥感的生态资产测量技术体系的主要内容和实现过程,为全面开 相似文献
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流域生态补偿研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文结合生态补偿的理论,综述流域生态补偿的基本概念和理论,总结补偿标准制定方法,概括补偿的原则、政策、措施等主要环节,提出目前存在的问题(过于依赖政府主导,补偿重点不明确,补偿范围不明晰,立法未完善等)。并提出了今后应注意的问题,展望了未来的研究重点:首先,继续保持政府监督,引入市场手段论证实施流域生态补偿;二是分清保护性和破坏性生态资源利用行为,采取灵活方式,对相应行为补偿额度进行调整,以有效筹措补偿资金、优化补偿资本来源;三是东西部地区流域内人口、资源、环境等各方面特点不同,补偿应分清"有水无水"和"水好水坏"的问题,采取不同的侧重点.随着丝绸之路经济带建设的推进,西北地区祁连山生态保护与治理已经列为所在各省的战略之一,内陆河流域资源禀赋的发挥要综合考虑生态效益、社会效益和经济效益;四是加强针对生态要素的立法,如土壤保护法、清洁空气法等,建立健全法律制度,保障流域生态补偿的有效进行。 相似文献
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民勤荒漠生态区划研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
民勤属于典型荒漠化地区,20世纪50年代以来,当地以造林为主防沙治沙,然而生态环境持续恶化。民勤的荒漠化形式要求我们重新审视我们的荒漠生态对策。以民勤荒漠区为例对荒漠生态区划进行了初步探索,上与综合自然区划相衔接,下与区域规划相结合,增加了生态设计的内容,区划出了人为活动的区域、范围和干预的强度,因此更具体化、更具实际操作性。提出了一些荒漠生态区划方面必须坚持的原则,在建立指标体系时,考虑了人类活动的影响和资源利用方式,以及以节水和保护水资源为中心和以封育保护为主的荒漠生态对策。 相似文献
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Since the 1970s, resource crisis, environmental pollution and ecological degradation have become prominent globally, and the limits to growth have always been an important theoretical and policy issue. The technological system of early warning and regulation based on carrying capacity evaluation has great potential in natural resource utilization, environmental management and ecosystem conservation. In this paper, the evolution of carrying capacity research and the concept of ecological carrying capacity are summarized, and the existing evaluation methods of ecological carrying capacity are classified into ecological footprint method, comprehensive index system method, ecosystem service analysis method and human appropriation of net primary productivity method. The current problems in ecological carrying capacity study were analyzed and the trend was outlooked. Combined with the special issue, the recent proceeding of ecological carrying capacity study in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region was narrated, from the aspects of ecological carrying capacity evaluation method and application, the supply and consumption of ecosystem services, and the resources use and environment change. Some suggestions have been proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of ecological carrying capacity evaluation: 1) the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamic change of ecological carrying capacity should be explored furtherly; 2) the interaction between ecological process and human activities should be simulated; 3) factors such as climate change, human activities and ecological products and ecological service flows should be integrated into the evaluation system of ecological carrying capacity. 相似文献
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耦合生态服务的区域生态安全格局研究框架 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
在深入阐明生态系统服务与区域生态安全格局之间内在联系的基础上,根据人类社会与生态系统之间以生态服务流为纽带形成的反馈机制,提出基于驱动（Driver）-压力（Pressure）-状态（State）-影响（Impact）-响应（Response）区域生态安全格局研究框架。该框架有助于深入理解区域生态安全维持和区域生态安全问题形成的机制,拓展区域生态安全评估、生态安全格局维持和提升的视野。当前,耦合生态服务的区域生态安全格局研究有3个关键的前沿议题：① 生态服务需求和生态服务供给的空间耦合及其对人类活动的响应;② 维持生态系统服务流网络结构完整性和稳定性的人类活动阈值;③ 耦合人类生态服务供给和需求的区域生态安全评估模型。 相似文献
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With the intensive research into global coupling relationships, ecological carrying capacity (ECC), seen as the crucial link between natural ecosystems and human systems, has gradually become an important tool for interdisciplinary research in ecology, resources science and environmental science, as well as for research on regional sustainable development. However, ECC research remains immature and lacks a complete theoretical system, as a result of many limiting factors and different space-time conditions. At present, Chinese and foreign studies focus on methods to evaluate ECC while neglecting to identify the internal driving mechanisms of ECC. In this article, based on the development and conceptualization of ECC, we introduce three evaluation methods for ECC: ecological footprint (EF), human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) and ecosystem services consumption (ESC). Furthermore, we illuminate research focuses and developmental directions for ECC with respect to driving mechanisms, threshold, comprehensive evaluation systems and coupling dynamic model of multi ecological factors, in order to provide a reference for future ECC research. 相似文献
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Transboundary rivers have important geopolitical and geo-economic connotations, but riparian states of transboundary rivers are often driven by their own rapid population growth and economic development to be-come involved in regional conflicts about the development and use of water resources. Therefore, finding a balance between the need for fair and reasonable development of water resources and the effective protection of environment from an ecological perspective has become a major problem faced by the international community. This paper begins with consideration of international water laws related to transboundary rivers and then reviews advances in the research on benefit-sharing, ecological compensation mechanisms, and adaptive management systems. We believe that existing international water laws form a complete legal system and that more attention needs to be paid to transboundary cooperation and sustainable water resource use. With respect to how transboundary water conflicts are resolved, there is a trend to move away from single water resource allocation (a zero-sum game) to benefit-sharing in order to achieve a win-win situation for riparian states, but there are still some difficulties in transboundary ecological compensation. In China, the central government has paid attention to horizontal ecological compensation between upstream and downstream, offering guidance to promote establishment of inter-province ecological compensation. Based on existing practice, horizontal ecological compensations are still in their infancy, small in scale, supported by a weak legal system, lacking market mechanisms to encourage their use and relying on fiscal transfers as the method of payment. In the future, China will need to intensify its research on legal system development, international cooperation, and benefit-sharing as these impact transboundary water resources. Because government can be seen as a management department with multiple identities (enabler, regulator and buyer), to improve adaptive transboundary ecological compensation mechanisms, government must develop as soon as possible data sharing platforms, standards of water consumption behaviors and intergovernmental policies (or ordinances). 相似文献
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针对重庆市土地资源的特点及问题,在国内关于区域土地生态安全研究成果的基础上,基于压力-状态-响应框架模型,构建了一套土地资源生态安全评价指标体系,采用熵权赋权法确定指标权重,运用土地资源生态安全综合模型对该区域2000—2009年的土地生态安全综合指数进行了计算。结果表明,区域土地生态安全综合指数由2000年的0.160升高至2009年的0.695,2000年土地生态安全属于敏感级,2009年则进入良好级,整体生态安全状态呈好转趋势,但土地所受的生态压力整体上有所加大。土地生态安全状况的改善主要依赖于对土地生态环境的治理,现阶段土地的生态压力依然严峻。对2000—2009年的土地生态安全变化进行趋势拟合,显示土地生态安全综合状况已进入快速改善阶段。 相似文献
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WANG Shaoqiang WANG Junbang ZHANG Leiming XIAO Zhishu WANG Feng SUN Nan LI Daiqing CHEN Bin CHEN Jinghua LI Yue WANG Xiaobo WANG Miaomiao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):105-111
Ecological quality is defined as the stability, adaptability and resilience of an ecosystem. Monitoring and assessing ecological quality are important bases for China's ecological civilization construction. The national key research and development program “Technologies and guidelines for monitoring ecological quality of terrestrial ecosystems in China”, launched in July 2017, includes plans to study the observation technologies and provide guidelines on the ecological in-situ observation, the regional biodiversity and ecosystem function monitoring and its applications, all of which contribute to national ecological quality assessment. A year after its implementation, some important progress has been achieved, such as building the indicator system for comprehensive monitoring of ecological quality and improvement of the methods, mass data transmission, infrared camera-based monitoring of biodiversity, multi-angle automatic spectral observation systems, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based desert monitoring. We have organized this special issue and attempted to introduce the monitoring techniques and assessment methods on ecological quality from different perspectives in order to further promote the development of ecology and its observation methods. 相似文献
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As a material carrier contributing to human survival and social sustainable development, the ecological environment is declining in its integrity and overall health. With the rapid development of society and economy, it is currently very necessary to carry out ecological security evaluation research to provide scientific guidance and suggestions for the construction of ecological civilization and the harmonious co-existence between man and nature. Taking Altay region as the research area, this paper collected and integrated regional geological, geographical, cultural, socio-economic, and statistical data, as well as previous research results. Combined with DPSIR and EES framework model, the evaluation index system of land resource ecological security in Altay region was constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and linear weighted summation function method. Using this index system, the evaluation research work was carried out to determine the current state of the security situation and the major threats which should be addressed. (1) The overall ecological security situation of Altay region was relatively safe, while the local ecological security situation was relatively fragile. Among them, the areas with safe and safer ecological environment accounted for 38.72%, while the areas with critically safe status accounted for 30.83%, and the areas with a less safe and unsafe environment accounted for 30.45%. In terms of spatial characteristics, the areas with unsafe ecological environment were mainly distributed in the west and east of the study area, while the areas with good ecological environment were distributed in the north of the study area. (2) Large-scale mining activities, frequent geological disasters, large-scale reclamation and long-term cultivation of arable land, and long-term large-scale grazing activities resulting in the destruction of grassland and vegetation were the main factors leading to the prominent ecological security problems of land resources in the Altay region. Therefore, in the process of the continuous development of the urban economy, we should pay more attention to the harmony between man and nature, and also actively and effectively advocate and implement certain policies and measures, such as returning farmland to forest, returning grazing land to grassland and integrating the mining of mineral resources. 相似文献
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城市群是推进城镇化的主体形态，区际横向生态补偿是城市群生态共建共享的重要措施。借助投入产出思路，建立反映生态投入、生态消耗的区际生态贡献计量指标体系，应用超效率SBM-DEA模型，对京津冀、长江三角洲、成渝地区城市群进行区际生态补偿实证分析，探索城市群区际生态补偿逻辑、依据及措施。结果表明，① 利用投入产出思路，按照生态投入与生态消耗来找寻区际生态关系逻辑，建立生态贡献指标体系并借助投入产出模型来确定生态补偿角色和考量补偿标准依据，基于生态贡献的城市群内部区际生态补偿长效机制机理清晰、可操作性强；② 加快健全区际横向生态补偿机制，在自然资源要素统一登记管理基础上，拓展生态贡献计量指标并定期统一监测公报，结合地区GDP、公共财政，以及城市群国土空间规划、区域协调发展等，定量生态补偿额度，从而建立城市群系统内生态共建共享的绿色利益机制。 相似文献
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甘肃民勤县面临的生态安全危机已经受到人们的普遍关注。以2010-2014年农户生计资产视角,借助生态足迹原理和生态压力指数的方法,对民勤县典型村的土地生态安全状况进行定量评估。结果表明：（1）将农户生计资产归纳为自然资产、物质资产、人力资产、金融资产和社会资产,在一定程度上反映了不同农户生计类型拥有不同的生计资产;（2）2010-2014年民勤县典型村不同生计类型的人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力变化明显,呈盈余状态;（3）2010-2014年民勤县典型村土地生态安全处于较安全状态。 相似文献
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基于生态敏感性和生态系统服务的黑河中游生态功能区划与生态系统管理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生态功能区划是协调生态保护与经济发展的矛盾、实施区域生态系统管理的重要途径。以黑河中游为研究区,基于基础地理信息数据、自然地理数据和土地覆被数据（1986、1995、2000、2010、2011年）,在生态敏感性和生态系统服务重要性分析的基础上,以最小子流域为基本单元,运用二阶聚类法进行生态功能区划;并依据主导生态系统服务对研究区进行分区管理与生态调控。得出结论：（1）黑河中游生态系统类型以荒漠、草地和农田为主,占总面积的90%;森林、水域、城镇与农村居民点零星分布,所占面积不到10%;1986-2010年,农田经历了减少-扩张-再减少的变化,但城镇与农村居民点一直呈现扩张趋势;（2）西北部生态敏感性明显高于东南部,其中极敏感区（约占24%）主要位于张掖-临泽-高台平原北侧、合黎山、祁连山山前戈壁与荒漠、肃南明花区;高度敏感区（约占58%）分布于走廊中部冲洪积平原;（3）各生态系统服务重要性空间分布格局具有一定的相似性,非常重要和极重要综合服务功能区约占3.2%,位于走廊中部的黑河干流缓冲区内;中等和一般重要地区约占20%,分布在山丹和民乐境内祁连山、焉支山、龙首山附近;（4）黑河中游可分为祁连山森林草地生态区、走廊冲洪积平原农田生态区和走廊北部平原灌丛荒漠生态区3个生态区8个生态功能区,依其主导生态系统服务分为生态保育区、生态协调区和生态控制区3类,进而提出了对应的生态系统管理措施。 相似文献
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绿洲-荒漠生态脆弱带的研究 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20
在分析了绿洲－荒漠生态脆弱带的性质、特点等以后，按照其毗邻绿洲的不同，探讨性地将它分为三类：（1）河岸林绿洲－荒漠脆弱带；（2）冲洪积扇绿洲－荒漠脆弱带；（3）湖沼和湖滨三角洲绿洲－荒漠脆弱带。由于其本身所具有的脆弱性，加上人类活动的强烈干扰，该区出现了以土地荒漠化为主的多种生态环境问题。针对这些问题，作者提出了若干治理建议。 相似文献
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首先从分析沙漠化的物理机制入手,将生态建设政策对沙漠化的作用以政策指数PIX来表示,分解为空间广度[PSS]和时间强度[PEF]两个变量,PIX=（PSS+PEF）/2,定量计算政策指数与沙漠化变化的相关性。其次以公共价值为基本框架,构建沙漠化治理政策的执行过程+生态效果的绩效评价体系,从政策过程的“公平性”、对“合作生产”主体的尊重性、政府部门管理的“效率性”、生态效果的“可持续性”、政策对沙漠化变化的相关性等方面提取指标因子,定量评价沙漠化治理政策的绩效。以宁夏盐池县草地禁牧政策为例进行研究。结果表明：禁牧政策与沙漠化面积减少显著相关,草地禁牧政策公共价值绩效得分0.378 3,效果较差。因此,提出的基于公共价值的沙漠化治理政策绩效评价指标和模型都是可行的。 相似文献
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生态保护红线成效评估框架与指标方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态保护红线是在自然保护区、重点生态功能区、风景名胜区、森林公园等诸多区域生态管理制度不断实践基础上,面对中国国土开发和生态保护的复杂关系,继承和创新提出的一种新型区域生态管控制度,已经成为推动国家生态文明建设的重大战略。如何科学评估生态保护红线保护成效,服务于生态保护红线综合管理和保障区域生态安全,成为普遍关注的热点问题之一。针对已有的区域生态保护成效评估案例的不足,基于划定生态保护红线是为保障国家和区域生态安全的基本认知,围绕着生态保护红线“生态功能不降低、面积不减少、性质不改变”的管控目标,以生态保护红线对区域生态系统保护作用为主要出发点,提出生态保护成效评估框架和指标方法。生态保护成效评估以生态系统类型构成和生态系统服务功能为内容主线,通过多维度时空尺度拓展,耦合分析生态保护红线内外、实施前后的生态状况变化,综合评估生态保护红线对保障区域生态安全的贡献和改善区域生态状况的作用。进而,可以关联分析可能引起生态保护红线生态状况变化的管控政策、制度和其他间接驱动因素,评估政策实施成效评估。实证上选择海南省生态保护红线和广东省严格控制区为案例进行了讨论。 相似文献
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生态政策驱动下的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
基于1989、2001、2013年的遥感影像解译数据,采用生态系统服务价值评估方法,对生态政策实施前(1989—2001年)及实施后(2001—2013年)的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化进行了对比分析。结果表明:生态政策实施后杭锦旗林地面积变化量为12.84×104 hm2,高于实施前的0.24×104 hm2;沙地面积变化量为-7.20×104 hm2,高于实施前的-0.27×104 hm2。生态政策实施后土壤形成与保护功能的生态系统服务价值增加4.22亿元,高于实施前的0.20亿元;水源涵养功能的生态系统服务价值增加3.43亿元,高于实施前的2.19亿元;总生态系统服务价值增加23.82亿元,高于实施前的5.61亿元。通过实施生态政策,杭锦旗土地利用结构得以优化,生态系统服务价值得以提高,水土保持能力得以增强。但水域退化、耕地转换合理度较低等问题仍有待解决,论文对此也提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献