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1.
Further utilization of global agricultural resources and the expansion of potential international cooperation space are necessary measures to promote a new level of China’s national food security and optimize the structure of domestic food consumption. This study measured the global potential cultivated land area and national grain self-sufficiency. Based on the two-above measures, the authors made a classification of China’s foreign agricultural cooperation countries and depicted the spatial pattern of cooperation based on the grain trades of those countries with China. The grain exporters include Australia, North America, South America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia; and the target countries for “going abroad” of Chinese grain enterprises are mainly located in Sub-Saharan Africa and northern Latin America. This study proposes that China’s policy of cooperation on grain should be shifted to non-traditional partners alongside the “Belt and Road Initiative” region. Specifically, China could expand grain imports from Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other East European and Central Asian countries, and the direction for China’s agricultural enterprises “going abroad” should shift to Sub-Sahara Africa. 相似文献
2.
自然与文化遗产保护中几个问题的探讨 总被引：28，自引：5，他引：23
自然与文化遗产是祖先留给我们的宝贵资源,也是全人类的共同财富。随着人们对遗产价值的认识和理解的不断深入,特别是由于环境变化和不可持续的经济增长方式的影响造成了自然和文化遗产破坏的日益加剧,遗产保护问题已经成为国际社会和学术界关注的热点之一。本文系统阐述了当前自然与文化遗产保护与管理中应当重点关注的几个问题,包括:在重视申报的同时注重遗产的发掘、整理和保护;正确处理遗产保护与发展的关系;强调遗产地保护中的自然与文化的综合研究;重视周边社区对遗产保护的重要作用;在更广泛的意义上关注遗产类型;加强遗产保护与管理的科学研究等。 相似文献
3.
Agricultural heritage has potential significance far beyond its common representation as the “traditional” system of “traditional peoples”. The U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) program is an important designation that treats heritage agro-ecosystems as living systems, rather than cultural relics. In order for the GIAHS designation to achieve its full potential, however, the role of human knowledge within the continuous cultural and ecological evolution of GIAHS requires much closer examination and appreciation. This paper explores the limits of contemporary nature and cultural conservation, and draws on a coevolutionary theoretical framework in order to better conceptualize the dynamism of such complex agro-ecological systems. In such a view, GIAHS can be seen as evolving systems of sustainable agriculture of great potentail relevance to contemporary society-environment challenges, rather than as relics of the past. 相似文献
4.
The study of ecosystem service consumption (ESC) in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization, but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal. Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade, this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels, structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland, forest, grassland, water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces, using the physical quantity accounting method. The results showed that the total consumption of farmland, forest, grassland, water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase, with average value of 7.26 Tg yr-1, 6.38 Tg yr-1, 1.10 Tg yr-1, 0.02 Tg yr-1 and 14.76 Tg yr-1, respectively. The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased, while the annual per capita consumption of farmland, grassland, waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating. The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the “Log-Cereal-Milk” mode during 1961-1984, the “Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar” mode during 1985-2007 and the “Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk” mode during 2008-2018. This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem (production, import and export capacity) and socio-economic factors (population density, per capita GDP and religious beliefs) are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern. Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly, there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet. The supply capacities of fruits, meat, eggs, milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet. This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood. 相似文献
5.
The Beijing Winter Olympics brought a historical miracle to the development of China’s ice and snow tourism. It is both an opportunity and a challenge to reap the extra dividends of the times and to develop China’s ice and snow tourism. By selecting 18 academic papers, this special issue deeply discusses the status quo and the future measures of ice and snow tourism in China from three aspects: ice and snow tourism development and management, the ice and snow tourism experience and its influencing factors, and ice and snow tourism impact assessment. Moreover, one part entitled “Tourism Culture and Ecotourism” has been set up to emphasize those cutting-edge research topics. It is worth mentioning that this issue is in-depth and has profound connotations. First of all, the research area ranges from national to regional to the city-level, including both longitudinal and horizontal research. In additon, the research methods are practical, innovative, and at the frontier of scientific research, and include industrial correlation analysis methods, kernel density, spatial autocorrelation and other geospatial analysis methods, content analysis methods, sentiment analysis methods, structural equation models, Delphi methods, spatial statistics methods, geographic detector method and many others. In general, this special issue combines qualitative research with quantitative research, provides a variety of theoretical perspectives such as perceived value theory, institutional evolution theory, etc., and builds various useful models like the pre-competition evaluation model for ice and snow tourism heritage, the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment, the evaluation model of the suitability of glacier tourism resource development, the model of the relationship between tourists’ experience value and loyalty in the context of ice and snow tourism, among others. These studies are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era, and help ice and snow tourism develop in a sustainable and high-quality direction. 相似文献
6.
当今世界正在经历百年未有之变局,全球文化的格局也在经历二战以来最深刻的转变。本文包含三个目的：首先,本文勾勒了全球文化转变的脉络和轮廓。文章首先回顾了有关文化全球化的理论,指出这是经济全球化的一个重要结果。同时,本文指出以资本主义现代性、个人主义和消费主义为基本前提和假设的文化全球化在21世纪、尤其是911事件以来受到了强烈的挑战。其次,本文基于行动者网络理论提出一个文化跨地方实践的“转译”模型,试图将微观尺度的文化实践与宏观尺度的地缘政治关系和过程,以及中观尺度的区域背景结合起来进行整体性考察。最后,本文结合孔子学院和李子柒网络文化实践等案例,对本文提出的理论语境和方法论工具的有效性和适用性进行证明,并对中国跨国文化实践的挑战和机遇进行了简要的述评和分析。 相似文献
7.
为厘清地理学在遗产研究领域的具体贡献,基于CNKI、CSSCI、WOS等数据库,运用知识图谱工具,对1990—2020年1 172篇地理学科相关文献进行梳理。发现：1）地理学关于中国遗产的研究阶段性特征明显。自2005年文献数量快速增长,并在近10年出现3次高峰。发文量呈“之”字型发展态势,关键词呈“橄榄型”发展特征。地理学科30年遗产研究经历了以“世界遗产”研究为主的起步阶段（1990—2004年）,以“农业遗产”等众多主题展开的多元探索阶段（2005—2012年）,注重实践和理论的深耕阶段 （2013—2020年）。2）学者合作网络呈“小集聚、大分散”格局。即以数量众多独立学者为基底,合著作者小群零星分布,并出现一个规模较大、联系紧密的大聚集群体,其核心作者发文数首位度高。3）文化遗产研究在数量上占据优势;内容主要涉及农业文化遗产、非物质文化遗产、世界遗产等六大板块;农业遗产研究处于国际前沿,热点聚焦于乡村与农业文化遗产。4）对198篇高引用论文分析得出,已有研究表现出强调现实与实践导向、侧重主客体关系、重视空间分析等特点。未来地理学科应巩固农业遗产研究前沿地位,促进理论输出,并在建构遗产研究学术共同体,拓展遗产研究多视角等方面做出更多努力。 相似文献
8.
影响高新技术企业分布的因素往往具有空间非平稳性,然而既有研究对其关注尚少。基于2017—2019年间认定的215791家高新技术企业数据,运用多尺度地理加权回归模型（MGWR）,刻画了中国高新技术企业的空间分布格局,识别了其影响因素的空间异质性与尺度效应,结果表明：① 2019年中国高新技术企业的空间分布呈现出在以“北上广深”为首位中心,以成渝与区域性中心城市为次位中心的高度集聚特征。② 企业内部因素、城市知识创造水平、技术创新水平、创新环境水平和外部连通水平共同影响了高新技术企业的空间分布。③ 影响高新技术企业分布的因素存在空间异质性,公司年龄、高校学生数量、互联网的影响呈现出“东-西”向空间分异格局,专利申请数、高新区、生活设施的正向影响呈现出“南-北”向空间分异格局,高铁的正向影响呈现出“东南-西北”向空间分异格局,研发费用投入对东北地区影响最大,市场化水平对京津冀和珠三角城市群地区影响最大。④ 影响因素存在尺度效应,靠近创新末端的变量具有更大的作用空间尺度。最后,本研究提出相关的政策建议,以期为高新技术产业的发展提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
9.
对于文化遗产的保护越来越受到国际社会的重视。《旅游文化资源：格局、过程与政策》一书探讨了欧洲文化遗产保护的特点。较为全面地介绍了欧洲各国在遗产保护方面的法律制度,文化遗产保护和经营理念,以及在鼓励公众参与,利用信息技术保护、规划、管理等方面的探索,这些经验对于我国的遗产保护工作具有一定的启示作用。 相似文献
10.
大运河遗产河道游憩利用适宜性评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在充分考虑国家文化公园建设等新要求的前提下，采用层次分析法，构建包含4个准则层、10个因子层、22个指标层的评价指标体系，对大运河27段遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性进行评价。研究显示：① 从评价结果来看：大运河27段运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性排名情况比较客观，所构建的指标体系对于评价大运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性较为可信，对于评价大型线性文化遗产的游憩利用适宜性同样具有借鉴意义。② 从游憩利用适宜度来看：11段游憩利用适宜度较高的遗产河道全部位于京杭大运河和浙东运河沿线的通水、通航河段。4段游憩利用适宜度低的河道均处于大运河已断流区域。浙江、江苏、天津、北京、河北等5省市境内的遗产河道游憩利用适宜性要优于安徽、河南、山东等3省境内的河道。③ 从影响游憩利用适宜性的各准则层来看：游憩利用适宜度高的遗产河道，其生态环境本底质量普遍较高。游憩利用适宜度低的遗产河道，其经济社会条件和旅游发展基础2个指标层的表现也普遍偏低。依托大型线性文化遗产建设国家文化公园，要在对其不同区段游憩利用适宜性开展评价的基础上，构建科学合理的游憩利用模式。 相似文献
11.
作为全球碳排放大国,中国低碳治理的发展方向对全球气候变化有深远的影响,值得深入研究。通过中国低碳治理的制约因素及其成因的分析,提出地方政府行为是中国低碳治理的主要制约因素。这主要表现在地方政府鼓励不符合低碳发展的粗放式经济增长和城市开发及地方政府制定与执行低碳政策的积极性不高。而地方政府行为背后是各种制度环境因素。因此,改善中国低碳治理需要从制度改革入手。对制度改革提出3个建议：① 强化节能目标责任制;② 缓和地方政府过于强烈的发展意愿;③ 加强公民参与低碳治理。 相似文献
12.
以中国文化遗产为研究对象,获取1989—2019年全国文物保护单位、国家级非物质文化遗产、国家级博物馆的基础数据,从整体上探究国家级文化遗产所表现的多元一体格局及其演进,研究表明：① 中国民族文化交融化趋势明显,民族交融文化遗产份额持续上升;② 中国民族文化平等化趋势明显,国家级文化遗产已涵盖全部民族,少数民族文化遗产份额波动上升;③ 中国民族文化原真化趋势明显,各民族文化遗产的分布特征表明在各民族聚居区文化遗产原真性和完整性保护得到充分体现;④ 中国文化遗产所呈现的多元一体民族结构,受到人口、经济、政策因素的影响,其中,人口表现出十分稳定的基础性作用,经济表现出持续弱化的支持性作用,政策表现出较为明显的动力性作用。 相似文献
13.
It is often assumed that places of cultural significance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are protected under cultural heritage legislation such as the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 in Queensland. Such Acts are improvements on previous policies, which all but neglected Aboriginal cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the aims of policies developed at wider geographic scales, such as States within the Australian system, continue to be disconnected from the experiences of some local Traditional Owners. In this paper, we examine conflicts between non-local policy and on-ground management decisions for Aboriginal cultural heritage in peri-urban Queensland. We focus on the challenges of local Traditional Owners in peri-urban landscapes, basing our discussion on recent experiences conducting research on Indigenous land management in southeast Queensland. We examine three case studies: one in which colonial heritage values were prioritised over existing Aboriginal cultural heritage values, a second where local government failed to support a private landholder’s attempt to identify and protect a cultural heritage site, and a third where a cultural heritage site was protected but in a way that restricts the continuation of cultural practices. Developing more productive and equitable relationships between Traditional Owners and non-Indigenous decision makers, with regards to Aboriginal cultural heritage, requires new locally developed processes for engagement and we suggest how this could be achieved. 相似文献
14.
包括联合国粮农组织(FAO)认定的全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)和一些国家农业部认定的国家重要农业文化遗产(NIAHS)在内的农业文化遗产是一种新的遗产类型,通常具有丰富的生物多样性、多元的传统知识、独特的资源利用技术、杰出的文化景观,是一个典型的社会-生态系统。文化关键种作为塑造了一个地区的社会文化特征的重要物种,可以作为研究社会-生态系统保护与恢复力提升的一种独特视角和方法。本文通过系统梳理文化关键种概念的起源与内涵,分析了它们与生物文化多样性和社会-生态系统保护之间的关系,并结合农业文化遗产的基本特征和保护需求,尝试对农业文化遗产地文化关键种给出了定义,即"在农业文化遗产系统内,由生物资源和文化实践紧密结合,对当地社会文化的稳定性产生重要影响且能够促进农业文化遗产保护目标实现的生物文化复合体"。在此基础上,进一步分析了识别农业文化遗产文化关键种对农业文化遗产保护的主要意义:一是通过文化关键种的识别与保护有助于遗产地关键要素的识别和保护;二是利用文化关键种社区认同度高的优势可以调动社区参与遗产保护的积极性;三是以文化关键种的识别与保护为切入点,有助于更好地实现全球或国家重要农业文化遗产保护目标,即保障食物与生计安全、保护生物多样性、促进传统知识与技术体系传承以及维持景观特征等。 相似文献
15.
“遗产时代”已经开启,经过数十年的实践探索,学界积累了丰富的非物质文化遗产保护经验。然而,富有综合性和批判性的地理学对该话题的关注和贡献仍有待提高,文章希望从实践回顾、话题梳理、国家战略推进等3个方面促进地理学者为建构非遗跨学科研究体系贡献力量。首先,从“非遗”概念的诞生以及民间文化的复苏入手,回顾了中国历年有关非遗的保护实践,总结出非遗研究的“特性与意义的构建”“传承与制度的反思”和“开发与社区能动性”3个重点议题,论述了中国学者在积极借鉴西方批判性遗产研究学术成果上所着力构建的具有中国本土特色的非遗研究体系。其后,将非遗放置在乡村振兴、城市发展和文化强国3个国家战略中给予考量,指出非遗作为独特的文化资源,已被纳入到国家政治和社会体系之中,成为助推国家重大战略实施的重要抓手。最后,在总结归纳非遗研究话题与进展的基础上,对地理学在非遗领域可以开展的工作进行讨论,以期启发和深化相关研究。 相似文献
16.
核心-边缘结构的研究将加深对城市网络演化规律的理解。基于证券服务联系视角,解析了2005—2019年中国城市网络的核心-边缘结构演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1） 中国城市网络核心区块的规模稳步扩张,同时城市核心度的分布趋于分散,推动着城市网络向多中心格局发展;城市网络的核心区块主要由城市群的核心城市组成,城市网络连通度的分布收敛于Zipf法则,预示着中国城市网络将呈现持续的等级结构特征。（2） 政治权力、市场潜力、知识资本、航空联系和经济开放决定了证券企业获取有价值信息流的能力,进而构成了中国城市网络核心-边缘结构生长发育的基础;城市的网络地位在很大程度上源于“场所空间”中的影响力,这意味着城市网络的发展可能会加剧中国城市经济的发展差距。 相似文献
17.
Preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics have promoted the rapid development of ice-snow tourism in China, which contributes to achieving the goal of having “300 million people participate in ice-snow sports”. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems associated with the growth of ice-snow tourism in China based on the methods of documentation and field investigation. The results indicate that China’s efforts have born abundant fruits. Notwithstanding, there are still some problems due to the limited time and hastened process of ice-snow tourism development, including unreasonable exploitation, low-quality products and services, imperfect investment and financing system, inadequate management, a single marketing mode, and insufficient talent teams. Compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States, ice-snow tourism in China is in the stage of rapid development. To achieve the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, this paper proposes actions from eight aspects which involve policy, products and services, marketing, safety management and control, talent teams, standardization construction, science and technology, and community participation. This study can provide references for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, as well as perfecting Chinese theoretical research on ice-snow tourism. 相似文献
18.
拐卖现象由来已久,不仅扰乱社会秩序,也给受害者及其家庭造成严重伤害。目前相关研究大多关注受害者,对犯罪者尤其死刑犯的研究开展不足。为此,基于中国裁判文书网数据,综合运用数理统计、空间分析与社会网络分析等方法,聚焦拐卖人口死刑犯,解析中国拐卖人口重罪案件的多维特征与形成机制。研究发现：① 死刑犯以男性为主,犯案年龄以25~45岁为最;死刑犯的文化水平低,小学文化占比过半;刑满释放的罪犯实际服刑的平均年限为17年。② 典型拐卖人口重罪案件的犯罪网络呈现出“核心-边缘”结构,核心节点为犯罪者,受害者和收买方处于边缘位置。③ 死刑犯被执行时间随年份呈“M”形波动,分为“增长期”“波动期”和“减少期”3个时期;存在2001年和2010年两个峰值年份。④ 死刑犯的籍贯地在全国呈现出“两片一点”的空间格局,集中分布在西南地区、华北地区和东南地区的福建省。具体来看,西南地区的死刑犯主要集中在云南省（昭通市和文山州）。此外,死刑犯的空间路径呈现“西南-华北”“西南-华南”与“西南-新疆”的流窜作案特征。最后,从多维度整合分析的视角发现拐卖人口重罪案件的形成主要受“差异梯度力”的影响,不同地区的自然社会条件为拐卖人口犯罪的发生提供了基本要素。 相似文献
19.
WANG Xu 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(1):92-102
To modernize food safety governance, we must carry out basic restructuring of its internal logic at the national level to reflect the features of contemporary Chinese society that shape food safety. This will entail establishing an overarching, macro-level conception of food safety that integrates “baseline safety”, “hub safety”, “co-constructed safety” and “endogenous safety”. These four dimensions of safety represent four fundamental requirements of food safety governance in modern Chinese society, which is a “risk society” (Beck 1992 ) and one that is also complex, open and pluralist. These requirements are: maximum legal liability, a unified, authoritative and efficient supervision system, a concept of social co-governance, and enterprises being the primary entities accountable for food safety. This article uses this analytical framework to interpret the basic contents of the newly revised Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, and uses a focus on social co-governance to present the institutional highlights of this law and the transformation of the internal logic of food safety governance. 相似文献
20.
文化独特性是文化遗产型景区的核心吸引力,了解和欣赏异质文化遗产是文化旅游者的主要动机,解说翻译是跨文化遗产旅游的桥梁。由于国内旅游规划对文化遗产旅游解说特点研究不够,景区管理者对双语解说信息创作对象不了解,导致文化遗产解说与翻译的质量影响了跨文化遗产旅游的解说教育效果,错过了通过文化遗产旅游平台对外宣传中华文化的良好机会。综述了旅游解说的概念、内涵以及有效解说和信息创作的原则,在总结文化遗产旅游特点的基础上,提出了文化遗产型景区英文解说翻译应针对国际旅游者特点的信息再创造的观点。建议文化遗产旅游景区制定针对国际旅游者消费特点的双语解说规划;旅游规划和翻译学术界应重视旅游双语解说规划和翻译的研究;翻译者在具备双语、双文化翻译能力的同时,还应该了解旅游解说和信息创作的跨学科知识。 相似文献