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辽河口湿地芦苇群落退化过程中土壤营养元素和含盐量变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2011年8月,在辽河口芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽采集土壤样品,在室内对土样进行测试分析,研究芦苇群落退化演替过程中,芦苇沼泽土壤营养元素和含盐量的变化.结果表明,在芦苇群落退化过程中,土壤有机质含量先增加后减少,土壤全氮和全磷含量的变化也有相似规律,二者与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,说明土壤中氮和磷的来源主要是动植物残体积累;土壤速效钾和易溶盐含量呈逐渐增加的趋势;土壤营养元素和含盐量的垂直分布表明,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、速效钾含量和易溶盐含量逐渐降低,但全磷含量无明显变化. 相似文献
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小流域自然土壤与耕作土壤养分比较及影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对河北省易县观坐岭小流域自然土壤和耕作土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾及微量元素有效含量的测定分析,得出了该小流域自然土壤和耕作土壤的肥力状况.结果表明:自然土壤中有机质和速效氮含量处于较高水平;速效钾含量丰富,速效磷比较缺乏;有效Fe、Mn含量处于高水平,有效Cu、Zn含量中等.自然土壤开垦为耕作土壤后,有机质和速效氮含量下降;由于施肥原因,速效磷含量明显增高;速效钾含量因母质影响有所下降.海拔与土壤养分变化的相关性小明显,不同坡位土壤养分表现出向下汇集的趋势.并从自然环境、人为影响、地形母质等方面分析土壤养分变化的影响因素. 相似文献
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为了探索高寒草甸土壤理化性质对海拔和坡向的响应及其与植被的关系,以东祁连山高寒草甸为研究对象,分析了7个海拔和2个坡向高寒草甸的土壤养分含量和生态化学计量比变化规律及其与植被的关系。结果表明：（1） 土壤含水量、电导率、有机碳、全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量、碳磷比（C/P）和氮磷比（N/P）随海拔的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,土壤容重、全磷和碳氮比（C/N）呈先降低后升高的趋势。（2） 同一海拔,大部分海拔梯度阳坡的土壤土壤容重、速效钾、电导率和全磷高于阴坡,阳坡的土壤含水量、速效磷、C/P和N/P低于阴坡,海拔3200 m梯度以下阳坡的土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮和C/N低于阴坡。（3） 不同海拔和坡向的高寒草甸土壤C/N、C/P和N/P处于14.55~38.13、12.61~87.94和0.27~5.01之间。（4） 冗余分析（RDA）发现,土壤容重、全氮和速效磷是影响高寒草甸植被的关键土壤因子,聚类分析发现海拔3200~3400 m的阴坡和阳坡聚为一类。综上所述,东祁连山高寒草甸土壤养分和生态化学计量比随海拔和坡向的变化呈规律性变化,基于对N/P比的分析发现,该区域高寒草甸类草原的初级生产力主要受土壤氮限制且低海拔和高海拔区域尤为明显,基于聚类分析发现,海拔3000 m和3400 m是该区域草地植被和土壤特征发生变化的临界线。建议在高寒草甸类草原的管理过程中,应该充分考虑海拔和坡向的分异性特征。 相似文献
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流沙地恢复过程中土壤特性演变研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
以毛乌素沙地西南缘的盐池县沙边子及位于腾格里沙漠东南缘的沙坡头地区为例,研究了该地区不同程度沙漠化土地恢复过程中土壤机械组成及土壤养分的动态变化。结果表明:不同地区或同一地区不同区域的沙漠化土地中,随着植被盖度的增加及恢复程度的增强,土壤中的粉粒、粘粒含量都有显著增加（P<0.05）,土壤质地向着壤质化和细粒化方向发展;土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷含量也有显著增加（P<0.05）;速效氮、速效磷含量也有相应的增加。土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的含量与土壤粉粒、粘粒含量呈显著正相关,且前三者之间也呈极显著正相关;但是土壤粉粒和粘粒含量与速效氮、速效磷和速效钾之间的关系则因区域和土地利用的不同表现出明显的差异。 相似文献
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放牧对阿拉善荒漠草地土壤性状的影响 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
对阿拉善荒漠草地不同放牧条件下土壤理化性状的变化进行了研究,结果表明:在草地基况一致的条件下,经过连续6a不同强度的放牧,0~ 20cm土层土壤容重轻牧和重牧区低于中牧区。随着放牧强度的增加,土壤颗粒组成极粗砂、粗砂和中砂含量增加,细砂、极细砂、粉砂和粘粒含量减少,过度放牧加快了土壤风蚀沙化。0~20cm土层中土壤有机C、全P的含量和C/N随着放牧强度的增加而依次降低;全N、全K、pH末发生明显变化;速效N和速效K重牧区显著高于轻牧区和中牧区;速效P轻牧区高于中、重牧区。土壤有机C与全P、速效P呈显著正相关;全P与速效N和K呈显著负相关,与速效P呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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以祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林为研究对象，研究了海拔梯度上土壤肥力因子的分布特征及变化规律，并运用主成分分析法对青海云杉林土壤肥力状况进行了评价。结果表明：（1）研究区土壤呈碱性，pH值均大于8.0；高海拔地区（3 300 m）含水量达到过饱和状态，各土层含水量均大于100%；随海拔升高，全氮含量呈增大趋势，全钾含量呈减小趋势，而全磷含量呈先减小后增大趋势；不同海拔梯度速效磷含量差异不显著（P>0.05），海拔3 300 m处速效钾含量显著高于其他海拔段（P<0.05）。（2） 不同海拔梯度下土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量都有明显的“表聚效应”，其中3 300 m处0~10 cm土层有机质含量高达325.93 g·kg-1，是本海拔段其他土层的1.6~1.8倍，是同土层其他海拔段的1.3~2.0倍。（3） 土壤肥力因子间关系密切，土壤含水量与有机质、全氮呈极显著正相关关系，与土壤容重、pH和全钾呈极显著负相关关系，土壤养分含量之间存在不同程度的显著正相关关系。（4） 不同海拔梯度土壤肥力质量为：3 300 m>3 200 m>3
100 m>3 000 m>2 900 m。 相似文献
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区域尺度土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素研究 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15
江苏北部5市土壤表层(0~20cm)全氮含量连云港东北部、淮安南部和盐城西部显著高于其它地区;全磷含量呈现由北到南、自西向东升高的趋势;速效磷含量高值区位于北部的灌云县和南部的金湖县;速效钾含量东部沿海高于其它地区。土壤类型和成土母质对土壤养分产生显著影响:对于土类而言,沼泽土和水稻土养分较高;各成土母质中,湖相沉积物发育的土壤养分含量最高。在研究区1:5万尺度范围内,土壤类型对全氮和全磷的变异起主导作用,而速效磷受成土母质的影响较大,土壤类型和成土母质对速效钾的影响较小,土壤类型和成土母质对全量养分的影响要大于速效养分。 相似文献
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阿拉善荒漠草地恢复初期植被与土壤环境的变化 总被引：36，自引：12，他引：24
对阿拉善荒漠草地恢复初期(1998-2001)植被特征和土壤养分的变化进行了研究。结果表明:草地恢复过程中,植被的盖度和生物量比封育前分别增加272%~536%和44.39%~305.3%。植被的恢复使土壤理化性质发生了变化,与封育前相比土壤中有机质、全N、速效K以及细砂、特别细砂和粘粒含量显著增加;速效N、速效P降低。土壤有机质、全N和全P的含量与土壤中<0.05 mm颗粒和速效K含量呈极显著正相关,并且前三者之间也呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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阿拉善荒漠草地几种灌木对土壤有效态养分的影响 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
对阿拉善荒漠草地广泛分布的几种灌木、半灌木土壤有效态常量和微量营养元素的“肥岛”效应进行了研究。结果表明：①霸王、白刺、红砂和沙冬青提高了灌丛根部土壤速效Na、K、Fe和Mn 的含量,而降低了灌从根部土壤速效Ca、Mg的含量;驼绒藜除对土壤速效Mg含量有显著影响外,对其他元素无显著的影响。②霸王、白刺和沙冬青对速效Na、K、Fe和Mn有明显的富集作用,对速效Ca负富集作用;红砂对速效Na有极强的富集作用,EA、EB分别为37.59和52.93;除红砂和驼绒藜对速效Mg有富集作用外,其余灌丛对速效Mg无富集作用。③灌丛周围土壤pH值与速效K、Fe和Zn含量呈显著负相关,与Ca呈正相关,与速效Na无相关性。霸王、白刺、沙冬青周围土壤速效Mg含量与pH值也呈显著正相关;除了霸王外,其他灌木周围土壤速效Mn含量都与pH值呈负相关。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
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K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献
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Chironomidae (Diptera) remains in surficial lake sediments from the Canadian Cordillera: analysis of the fauna across an altitudinal gradient 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The altitudinal distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) in the southern Canadian Cordillera was analyzed by means of head capsules preserved in surficial sediments of 30 lakes. Taxa characteristic of late-glacial deposits of southern, coastal British Columbia are extant at high elevations, particularly in the Rocky Mountains, and in large, deep, low-elevation lakes. Many chironomid taxa common at low elevations in the southern Canadian Cordillera were not found in alpine and upper subalpine lakes. These faunal differences are probably climatically related. The differences in fauna between high and low-elevation lakes parallel differences between arctic and temperate lakes. 相似文献
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MATT K. MATSUDA 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):230-243
ABSTRACT. Narratives concerning Pacific Ocean territories are often historically derived from European and American mainland visions of great, empty oceans dotted with deserted and uninhabited islands. However, research by indigenous and outlander scholars, along with struggles for political and cultural autonomy in the Pacific, has brought attention to vital island communities and 6has raised questions about a Pacific‐island way of understanding the world. This understanding is traced through scholarly and artistic engagements with history, island‐community studies, and navigational philosophies and is framed by a growing theoretical literature on epistemologies of place from the disciplines of geography and oceanography. 相似文献
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Precipitation is an important component of global water and energy transport and a major aspect of climate change. Due to the scarcity of meteorological observations, the precipitation climate over Tibet has been insufficiently documented. In this study, the distribution of precipitation during the rainy season over Tibet from 1980 to 2013 is described on monthly to annual time scales with meteorological observations. Furthermore, four precipitation products are compared to observations over Tibet. These datasets include products derived from the Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data(APHRO), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC), the University of Delaware(UDel), and the China Meteorological Administration(CMA). The error, relative error, standard deviation, root-mean-square error, correlations and trends between these products for the same period are analyzed with in situ precipitation during the rainy season from May to September. The results indicate that these datasets can broadly capture the temporal and spatial precipitation distribution over Tibet. The precipitation gradually increases from northwest to southeast. The spatial precipitation in GPCC and CMA are similar and positively correlated to observations. Areas with the largest deviations are located in southwestern Tibet along the Himalayas. The APHRO product underestimates, while the UDel, GPCC, and CMA datasets overestimates precipitation on the basis of monthly and inter-annual variation. The biases in GPCC and CMA are smaller than those in APHRO and UDel with a mean relative error lower than 10% during the same periods. The linear trend of precipitation indicates that the increase in precipitation has accelerated extensively during the last 30 years in most regions of Tibet. The CMA generally achieves the best performance of these four precipitation products. Data uncertainty in Tibet might be caused by the low density of stations, complex topography between the grid points and stations, and the interpolation methods, which can also produce an obvious difference between the gridded data and observations. 相似文献
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Jean-Claude Plaziat 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(2):163-169
Potamids generally live in estuaries, lagoons, and along protected sea shores. However, their ability to colonize intracontinental lakes has been underestimated due to non- or misidentifications. Potamides conicus, the only present lacustrine Potamid currently found in North Africa, belongs to a lagoon-type (thalassoid) malacofauna, dominated by the Cardium Cerastoderma glaucum: this fauna occurs in association with Foraminifera (especially Ammonia beccarii) and Ostracoda (Cyprideis gr. Torosa). Potamids have been found 250 to 900 km from the nearest sea shore: passive dispersal (probably through birds) is the primary dispersal mechanism. Shell morphology and ornamentation can be used to characterize life environment (lacustrine versus marine) but not distance from sea shore. The presence of Potamid-Foraminifera fauna in the fossil record has been interpreted as providing evidence for a sea connection (e.g., gulfs, lagoons). However, more recent paleoecological studies have demonstrated that such assemblages span an ecological gradient from freshwater to hypersaline lacustrine environments. Thus, the occurrence of modern Potamids in lacustrine (in addition to maritime) environments has important implications for Quaternary and Tertiary paleogeographic investigations. Lacustrine Potamids have been recorded from the European Tertiary (France, Spain) and from the Sahara Holocene. More research is required for the better understanding of the distribution and ecology of Potamids in modern and fossil lakes of other continents.This publication is the fifth of a series of papers presented at the Conference on Sedimentary and Paleolimnological Records of Saline Lakes. This Conference was held August 13–16, 1991 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Dr Evans is serving as Guest Editor. 相似文献