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1.
Shrinking New Orleans: Post-Katrina Population Adjustments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):675-699
The flooding caused by hurricane Katrina in 2005 acted as a catalyst for an abrupt change of the demographic landscape of the New Orleans metropolitan area. New Orleans city proper has been a shrinking city for the last half century, but its population loss was balanced by expanding suburbs until 2005. Based on a comparison of the newly released 2010 census data with the 2000 data, this paper discusses the major population adjustments that have resulted from the disaster. Hurricane Katrina has caused the entire metropolitan area to shrink much faster than previous declines. Five years after the storm, New Orleans displays some limited signs of resilience, although the storm seems to have accelerated its population decline. Furthermore, a close examination of the available data shows us that Katrina has provoked a major change in the city's ethnic landscape. 相似文献
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Urban transport systems have key roles in supporting environmental sustainability. New Zealand's transport planning arrangements are promoted as a model by agencies such as the World Bank. This paper explores the New Zealand transport planning framework using a case study of the Wellington region's strategic balancing of transport modes and projects. The paper argues that despite some positive rhetoric, concerns about the sustainability of transport planning in Wellington remain. The paper concludes by discussing the need to reassess New Zealand's national framework, and identifies some directions for reform. 相似文献
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Nicolas Lewis 《New Zealand geographer》2012,68(3):168-174
This review responds to Richard Peet's ‘policy regimes’ account of New Zealand's neoliberal experiment published in this volume of the New Zealand Geographer. It welcomes Peet's intervention, especially its comparative approach and its political economy focus, but suggests further insight may have been gained from closer engagement with the work of New Zealand geographers. The review argues that Peet misses opportunities to learn from the New Zealand case. The review subjects a ‘northern’ account of southern experience to a critique by ‘splitting’, a characteristically southern approach to analysing social change from the Antipodes that pays close attention to the situatedness of knowledge production. 相似文献
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城市减灾研究综述 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17
唐川 《云南地理环境研究》2003,15(3):1-6
加强防御、控制城市灾害,增强城市综合减灾抗灾能力是当今国内外减灾工作的重点中的重点。在分析国内外城市减灾研究的基础上,提出当前城市防灾减灾研究中应重视开展城市灾害形成机制与活动规律、减灾理论与方法和减灾管理与对策的研究,其中要特别加强城市数字减灾系统构建、城市空间信息基础设施建设、城市易损性、风险性评价和灾害损失评估系统的研究。 相似文献
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Keith Fitchett 《The Australian geographer》1987,18(1):1-7
Detailed aerial photograph analysis of the effects of hurricane Bebe (21 October 1972) on Funafuti atoll using ‘before and after’ photos plus ground truthing give a detailed picture of wind and water motions during passage of the cyclone. Interpretation of damage to coconut palms, motu (cay) and reef‐flat structures together with other directional indicators show that hurricane Bebe passed to the east of the atoll. Average wind and water‐flow directions were substantially different; wind directions changed during the cyclone's movement while wave and surge generated water flows remained more constant. A model showing wind and water motion associated with the storm is presented. 相似文献
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我国自然灾害研究进展与减灾思路调整 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一。为了减轻自然灾害影响和损失,政府、科学家和人民群众进行了大量的减灾研究和实践,在致灾因子、灾害监测预报、灾害评估、自然灾害的社会经济影响、防灾减灾综合化等研究和实践方面均取得了很大进展,减灾思路逐渐从以致灾因子研究和工程预防措施为主调整为全面降低灾害系统脆弱性方面。 相似文献
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David “Jim” Nemeth 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):583-586
Why is Ortley Beach, New Jersey, known as Superstorm Sandy's ground zero? This article employs qualitative vulnerability analysis to understand why vulnerability of second homes in Ortley Beach resulted in dune failure and slow rebuilding after Sandy. The second-home owners who largely make up the community in Ortley Beach are identified as the key vulnerable group. This group's lack of political representation and financial compensation after Sandy increased house damage and slowed rebuilding. Identifying the level of vulnerability of the majority group in a location is paramount to understanding how the community recovers from a disaster. Such identification can also aid in preparing communities, especially for types of disasters they have not yet encountered. 相似文献
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Nancy Beller‐Simms 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(2):213-222
This study examines mitigation and preparation activities selected by four county and state governments in anticipation of the 1997–1998 El Niño. It expands the knowledge of how state and local governments plan short‐term projects and mitigate with longer‐term activities in anticipation of a natural hazard. It also provides a preliminary understanding of divergent responses and plans under similar disaster warnings. It outlines stages that governments follow in determining their natural hazard mitigation and preparedness activities. This model should provide hazard planners, particularly those planning for slower onset hazards, with insights into their own local circumstances, allowing them to choose appropriate strategies. 相似文献
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Kevin Keenan 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):357-377
There is increasing evidence that people interpret their risk from environmental hazards through places—such as urban neighborhoods. At the same time, heightened levels of mobility are theorized to be leading to a so-called “placeless society” and possibly nullifying theories of locality-based risk perception. The purpose of this study is to combine environmental risk-hazards scholarship with work in urban geography to explore the following question: is perception of vulnerability to terrorism influenced by place and mobility, and if it is, what is the relationship? Drawing on interviews with 93 householders in Boston, Massachusetts, I demonstrate that people perceive vulnerability via understanding the transportation environment as a place—not simply a conduit—and that these perceptions reflect larger societal structures, such as wealth and gender disparities, that combine with (im)mobility and human subjectivity to amplify or attenuate a person’s sense of vulnerability. These findings bring an understanding of subjective experience to the geography of transportation systems, which has not yet been theorized within the urban disaster literature. 相似文献
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作为恢复力的重要内容之一,承灾体的防灾减灾能力是评估灾害经济损失的重要参考因素。根据在里下河地区李中镇调研所得数据,绘制初始灾损率散点图,构建了初始灾损率曲线;然后考虑防灾减灾能力因素,绘制实际的灾损率散点图和拟合曲线。结果显示：①在0.05的显著性水平下,住宅区、工业区、商业区、公共设施区和农业区五类承灾体财产的淹没水深与灾损率均存在乘幂函数关系。②考虑防灾减灾能力因素后,洪涝灾害对不同承灾体的经济损失有所减少。住宅区财产在淹没水深3 m时经济损失减少了34%,工业区在2 m时经济损失减少了17%,商业区在3 m时经济损失减少了24%,公共设施部门在2 m时经济损失减少了11%。防灾减灾能力因素对住宅区洪涝灾害经济损失的影响更加明显。本文作为有关灾损率曲线研究的有益补充,结果可为类似地区城镇的防灾减灾决策及灾害风险管理提供参考。 相似文献
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This article is a long‐term retrospective study of the reconstruction that followed the 1931 earthquake that struck the city of Napier in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. It particularly focuses on the positive outcomes in reducing the risk of future disaster at both local and national levels. These were facilitated by three key decisions and strategies: (i) reconstruction was initiated immediately after the disaster; (ii) it was designed as a balance between continuity and change; and (iii) it relied on a decentralised, integrative decision‐making process. 相似文献
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Rudolf V. Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(4):339-342
Siberia and the Russian Far East contain about 75% of the country''s hydrocarbon and mineral resources. These regions pose many engineering and environmental problems for economic development due to the cold climate and difficult geologic conditions, including the occurrence of permafrost. One of the major challenges in permafrost areas is to maintain the stability of both individual structures and large-scale engineering projects. The use of natural cryogenic resources of the Earth is proposed here as one possible solution. 相似文献
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宁夏农业干旱灾害综合风险分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业干旱灾害风险分析是农业防灾减灾的重要内容。本文以灾害风险理论为基础,构建宁夏农业干旱灾害综合风险评估模式,该模式综合考虑了干旱致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体和防灾减灾能力4类风险影响因素,并在GIS技术的支持下,完成宁夏农业干旱灾害风险区划。结果表明：宁夏各地农业干旱灾害风险差异较大,风险较高的区域集中在宁夏中南部山区的同心、海原、固原、西吉、彭阳等地,风险较低的区域集中在北部大部分地区以及南部泾源、隆德等地,这一结果与宁夏各地环境特点、经济投入、农业发展现状和趋势一致。 相似文献
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Scott Markley 《Urban geography》2018,39(4):606-630
Since the 1990s, Atlanta’s inner suburbs have experienced rising rates of poverty alongside growing racial/ethnic diversity. ? Meanwhile, on the built landscape, high-end (re)development projects incorporating New Urbanist features such as pedestrian accessibility, compact densities, and mixed land uses have become increasingly common. Although practitioners suggest that these developments promote social inclusivity and enhanced “livability,” individual cases suggest that some New Urbanist projects may be gentrifying underserved communities of color. This paper tests the extent of this concern by examining Atlanta's inner-suburban geographies of New Urbanism using a logit model. Results indicate that neighborhoods with older housing stock, more renters, lower incomes, lower rents relative to home prices, and higher Latino populations in close proximity to inner-suburban downtowns are most likely to be targeted for New Urbanist (re)development. Thus, despite the optimistic language, New Urbanism in this region appears to be serving as the inner-suburban face of gentrification.? 相似文献
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Oil Spills and Community Resilience: Uneven Impacts and Protection in Historical Perspective 
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下载免费PDF全文 Louisiana's coastal residents have endured centuries of hurricanes and decades of oil spills. Locally based, inherent resilient practices have enabled them to persist in place. This paper documents the evolution of actions taken by Louisiana's coastal residents that constitute effective resilient activities in the aftermath of disruptive events. It compares the efforts that arose from coastal communities that were rooted in local environmental knowledge with generic external programs designed to enable hazard mitigation, emergency response, and recovery form damaging hurricanes and oil spills. Additionally, it will identify points of opportunity to fortify resilience by integrating inherent and formal resilience. 相似文献
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浙江省台风灾害直接经济损失评估模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于浙江省1984―2007年发生的40个台风数据及历史灾情数据,从致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体和防灾减灾４个方面选取影响因子,利用模糊综合评价方法建立直接经济损失模型,并对其进行验证。结果显示：该模型具有较高的拟合率,相关性系数达到0.806;基于3次台风过程数据进行模型验证和误差分析得知其模拟值与实际统计值基本一致,模拟误差在合理的范围之内;模型能够较好地评估一次台风灾害可能造成的直接经济损失,为政府部门的防灾减灾工作提供科学依据和决策支持,具有实际意义。 相似文献
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山洪灾害具有广泛性、突发性、破坏性等特征,开展山洪易发区的社区韧性评估,从而提高灾害应对能力是当前防灾减灾的前沿热点和难点。论文提出了一套多学科的综合方法：① 利用中介效应明晰了山洪视角下社区韧性评价体系各指标间的定量化传递关系;② 构建了基于决策实验室分析和解释结构模型的耦合数学模型,确定社区韧性影响因素的多级递阶解释结构模型,分析社区韧性的差异化影响因素;③ 采用信息扩散方法,定量分析山洪灾害社区韧性的变化趋势并排序。以粤北山洪易发区为例,从城镇、村落、城乡结合部3种类型社区进行灾害韧性分析。结果表明：山洪视角下的社区韧性指标体系是一个多维度多层次的复杂网络系统,包括环境、社会、心理、制度和信息沟通5个方面;不同类型社区灾害韧性的直接影响因素呈差异化特征,而供排水设施建设和洪灾应急演练为社区韧性的根本影响因素,对增强山洪视角下社区韧性发挥本质性作用;由于调研村落多位于山洪频发区,居民防范灾害、减轻灾害影响的意识较强,村落较城镇和城乡结合社区呈现出更高的韧性。研究可为提升粤北山洪易发区社区韧性及社区防灾减灾能力提供科学参考,该综合分析方法亦可为其他类型灾害的精细化防灾减灾提供支持。 相似文献
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For a national competition supported by the New Zealand Board of Geography Teachers, secondary school students in years 10–13 were asked to identify and investigate factors that were building community resilience in their home areas, and the entries provided young people's perspectives on how well individuals, families and communities ‘bounce back’, adapt, change and become stronger following an adverse event. This article concerns the findings of students at Greymouth High School. Their entries showed that community resilience in Grey District depended on individual and collective capacity for action. The greater their involvement in community affairs and projects, the more likely individuals and families were to form networks and participate in communal activities. In Greymouth, as elsewhere in New Zealand, membership of voluntary organisations and participation in planning for, and responding to, catastrophic events has helped residents respond effectively in times of adversity and has enhanced community resilience. 相似文献