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1.
来自南极格罗夫山蓝冰地区的GRV 99027陨石为一无球粒陨石,主要由橄榄石及辉石组成。棕色橄榄石具堆晶结构及镶嵌结构等火成岩浆分异结晶的特征。陨石的矿物模式组成及化学成分显示与SNC族陨石特征相似,特别是与ALHA77005陨石十分接近。后者被确定为二辉橄榄岩质辉玻无球粒陨石类(Lherozolitic-Shergotty,L-S)火星陨石。GRV 99027陨石的矿物化学特征以及FeO/MnO比值也与L-S类相似。可以初步认为GRV 99027陨石为SNC族火星陨石一个新的成员。二辉橄榄岩相当于地球的上地幔成分。陨石来自火星探部,为世界上极为稀有的火星样品,极具研究价值。 相似文献
2.
陨石是来自地球之外的岩石样品,是研究太阳系的起源与演化的重要窗口。半个多世纪以来,国际上在南极冰盖上发现了大量陨石样品,证实了南极是地球上最重要的陨石富集区。1998年中国首次在格罗夫山地区发现南极陨石,经过4次南极考察,共收集陨石样品9834块。这不但填补了中国在该领域的空白,也为中国积累了大量珍贵的科学样品。目前,中国先后6年开展了陨石分类研究工作,并取得了显著进展:(1)完成了684块陨石的分类命名,其中发现了许多特殊类型陨石,如火星陨石、橄辉无球粒陨石、碳质球粒陨石等;(2)初步建立了陨石库和资源共享网络平台;(3)通过南极系统分类研究,建立了南极陨石分类程序、样品管理和申请程序;(4)通过国内陨石分类合作研究,培养了一批年轻专业人才。 相似文献
3.
陨石是来自地球之外的岩石样品,是研究太阳系的起源与演化的重要窗口。半个多世纪以来,国际上在南极冰盖上发现了大量陨石样品,证实了南极是地球上最重要的陨石富集区。1998年中国首次在格罗夫山地区发现南极陨石,经过4次南极考察,共收集陨石样品9834块。这不但填补了中国在该领域的空白,也为中国积累了大量珍贵的科学样品。目前,中国先后6年开展了陨石分类研究工作,并取得了显著进展:(1)完成了684块陨石的分类命名,其中发现了许多特殊类型陨石,如火星陨石、橄辉无球粒陨石、碳质球粒陨石等;(2)初步建立了陨石库和资源共享网络平台;(3)通过南极系统分类研究,建立了南极陨石分类程序、样品管理和申请程序;(4)通过国内陨石分类合作研究,培养了一批年轻专业人才。 相似文献
4.
本文主要依据现有的资料综述陨石分类 ,以及来自小行星带、月球和火星等不同类型陨石的宇宙射线暴露 (CRE)年龄及其宇宙化学意义。目前已确定有 1 3个球粒陨石群 ,至少 7个经受了高温和广泛熔融的无球粒陨石母体 ,以及 1 2个不同化学群的铁陨石母体。此外 ,还发现1 0个独特的球粒陨石、许多未分群的球粒陨石小群、铁陨石和铁陨石小群 ,它们也来自各自不同的母体。到目前为止 ,根据宇宙射线产生的核素 ,已测定了 1 60 0多个陨石的宇宙射线暴露年龄。由许多陨石类型的CRE年龄分布 ,我们可以识别出群集的宇宙射线暴露年龄 ,藉此可解释为母体上的碰撞 ,并释放大量的陨石碎块。小行星陨石、行星陨石及阿波罗月球样品的稀有气体同位素丰度和宇宙射线暴露年龄 ,已广泛应用于探索和了解不同类型陨石母体的宇宙射线暴露历史、冲击碰撞事件、暴露年龄与日心距离的关系、吸积形成母体前硅酸盐球粒的辐照历史、南极和沙漠陨石中成对陨石的判别、行星陨石 (火星及月球陨石 )的溅射历史及月坑的相对年龄等 相似文献
5.
《Polar Science》2007,1(1):25-44
Recent chondritic meteorite finds in Antarctica have included CB, CH, CK and R chondrites, the latter two of which are among the most oxidized materials found in meteorite collections. In this study we present petrographic and mineralogic data for a suite of CK and R chondrites, and compare to previous CK and R chondrites, as well as some CV. In particular we focus on the opaque minerals – magnetite, chromite, sulfides, and metal – as well as unusual silicates – hornblende, biotite, and plagioclase. Several mineral thermometers and oxy-barometers are utilized to calculate temperatures and oxygen fugacities for these unusual meteorites compared to other more common chondrite groups. R and CK chondrites show lower equilibrium temperatures than ordinary chondrites, even though they are at similar petrologic grades (e.g., thermal type 6). Oxygen fugacity calculated for CV and R chondrites ranges from values near the iron-wustite (IW) oxygen buffer to near the fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) buffer. In comparison, the fO2 recorded by ilmenite-magnetite pairs from CK chondrites are much higher, from FMQ + 2 to FMQ + 4.5. The latter values are the highest recorded for materials in meteorites, and place some constraints on the formation conditions of these magnetite-bearing chondrites. Differences between mineralogic and O isotopic compositions of CK and R chondrites suggest two different oxidation mechanisms, which may be due to high and low water:rock ratios during metamorphism, or to different fluid compositions, or both. 相似文献
6.
《Polar Science》2009,3(4):272-284
The first discovery of Yamato Meteorites by an inland survey team of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) in 1969 was reported by Yoshida et al. (1971). However, there are important events, issues, and data related to this discovery that have so far not been published. Prior to the author's departure for Antarctica, M. Gorai suggested the author to consider collecting meteorites during the trip. On 21 December 1969, when geodetic measurements for the 250 km span of a triangulation chain were approaching its completion, members of the inland survey team collected three stones on the surface of the ice sheet in the southeastern marginal area of the Yamato Mountains. The author realized that these rocks were possibly meteorites, recalled the suggestion by M. Gorai, and requested all members of the team to collect other possible meteorites while conducting the geodetic survey. After returning to Japan, the nine stones collected in Antarctica were all identified as meteorites by M. Gorai. The concept of a mechanism by which meteorites became concentrated in the area in which they were found, involving the flow, structure, and ablation of the ice sheet, was developed in the field in 1969 during the collection program, and was mentioned briefly in Yoshida et al. (1971); a schematic figure was shown in a Japanese newspaper in the same year. With all these as background, further collections of meteorites in the Yamato Mountains were conducted in the 1973 and 1974–1975 seasons, and a project involving the collection of meteorites was formally incorporated as an important component of the work undertaken by the geology group within JARE from the 1975–1976 season onwards. 相似文献
7.
南极冰盖和热带干旱－半干旱沙漠地区均有利于陨石样品的保存。到目前为止,已在南极约２５００ｋｍ２的蓝色冰区内回收了约１５０００块陨石。在非洲撒哈拉沙漠、西澳大利亚及美国新墨西哥州沙漠地区回收了约２０００块陨石。但由于两者的气候条件和保存陨石的环境不同,它们之间存在明显差异,南极陨石居地年龄大,风化程度低,地球污染小;沙漠陨石居地年龄小,风化程度高,地球污染大。南极和沙漠陨石的主要陨石类型的频率与已知降落的陨石相似,未观察到陨石类型通量随时间的明显变化,但在南极陨石中稀少和独特陨石类型的丰度较高,按其陨石来源将其划分为小行星陨石和行星陨石。新的和独特陨石类型的研究以及月球和火星陨石的研究有利于探索和了解早期太阳星云的连续化学分馏作用及月壳和火星表面的平均化学组成及其横向变化。 相似文献
8.
近年来,在南极格罗夫山地区,我国共收集到9834块南极陨石样品,这些样品目前被保存在中国极地研究中心。2006年,国家天文台对其中100块陨石进行了系统分类和研究,确定陨石的化学群及岩石类型。本文系统介绍和总结了本次分类研究过程及结果。通过光学显微镜观察和电子探针测试,确定其中98块为普通球粒陨石。具体类型如下:3块为非平衡型普通球粒陨石(2块H3、1块L3);其他为平衡型普通球粒陨石。平衡型普通球粒陨石的化学-岩石类型分别为:高铁群(H)有43块(2块H3、12块H4、20块H5和9块H6),低铁群(L)有53块(3块L4、13块L5和37块L6),低铁低金属群(LL)有两块(1块LL4和1块LL6)。 相似文献
9.
本文综述了我国第 1 5次 ( 1 998/ 1 999)、1 6次 ( 1 999/ 2 0 0 0 )南极科学考察队在东南极格罗夫山冰区回收的 32块陨石的岩石矿物学特征及其分类。这些陨石包括 :2 3块平衡型普通球粒陨石、6块非平衡型普通球粒陨石、1块二辉橄榄岩质火星陨石、1块钙长辉长无球粒陨石、1块未分群的铁陨石。文中还对南极格罗山冰区的陨石富集机制、GRV 980 0 4 (H5 )球粒陨石异常低的宇宙射线暴露年龄、火星陨石的溅射年龄等进行了初步的讨论 ,并对今后格罗夫山陨石的研究提出一些初步想法。 相似文献
10.
M.D. Dyar T.D. Glotch M.D. Lane B. Wopenka J.M. Tucker S.J. Seaman G.J. Marchand R. Klima T. Hiroi J.L. Bishop C. Pieters J. Sunshine 《Polar Science》2011,4(4):530-549
Comprehensive spectroscopic characterization of interior and exterior chips of the lherzolitic shergottite Y-984028 has been performed using results from six techniques. Data from UV–visible–near-IR reflectance spectra, thermal (mid-IR) emission spectra, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectra, transmission FTIR spectra, Raman microprobe spectra, and Mössbauer spectra of whole rock and mineral separates from this meteorite are integrated and compared. Five of these analytical techniques accurately determined the ～Fo65 composition of the olivine within ±10 mol%. Both transmission FTIR and ATR spectra show broad features near 3500 cm?1 indicating the presence of OH/H2O that does not arise from surface water adsorption. The brown color of the Y-984028 olivine is likely due to the presence of nanophase metallic iron particles (npFe0) dispersed throughout the olivine during a major shock event on Mars. Y-984028 olivine also contains a significant amount of Fe3+, but this cannot be distinguished from Fe3+ that is present in pyroxene and possibly clay minerals. This meteorite and the nakhlite MIL03346 are the two most oxidized of the SNC meteorites studied to date, with Fe3+ contents consistent with high-temperature equilibration near the QFM oxygen buffer. 相似文献
11.
Thirty-two meteorites were collected in Grove Mountains area, Antarctica, by the 15th and 16th Chinese Antarctic Research Expeditions (CHINARE). Petrography and mineral chemistry of these meteorites are reviewed, among which there are one Martian lherzolite, one eucrite, one ungrouped iron meteorite, and six unequili-brated and twenty-three equilibrated ordinary chondrites. An equilibrated ordinary chondrite GRV 98004 ( H5 ) has an unusually low cosmic-ray exposure age. Meteorite concentrating processes in Grove Mountains area are discussed. In addition, future studies on Grove Mountains (GRV) meteorites are proposed. 相似文献
12.
南极GRV 99027陨石是二辉橄榄岩质辉玻无球粒陨石(L-S)的火星陨石,具有嵌晶、非嵌晶和冲击熔融袋结构。矿物模式组成以橄榄石(55%)、辉石(37.5%)为主,有少量熔长石(6%)、铬铁矿(1.5%)以及微量白磷钙石、陨硫铁等。本文在阐述该陨石的岩石学和矿物化学特征的基础上进一步研究了稀土元素及氢同位素的地球化学特征。该陨石∑REE总量低;橄榄石及辉石以HREE富集为特征;熔长石富LREE,且具高正的δEu;副矿物白磷钙矿含量虽少(约0.2%),但具有极高的∑REE,LREE≈HREE,δEu负异常明显。GRV99027全岩稀土元素分配模式与L-S陨石的模式十分相似,而与SNC其它类型陨石的REE分配模式不同,反映不同类型火星陨石物质源区不同。火星陨石氢同位素以高δD为特征,各类含水矿物对陨石δD的贡献不同。陨石磷酸盐矿物中δD-水含量间一般没有正相关性,间或存有弱的负相关性。根据GRV99027陨石的矿物学模式,REE分配模式,及氢同位素特征,可以确定GRV99027陨石为L-S陨石。为了探讨GRV99027陨石的物质源区及演化历史,我们广泛收集了L-S火星陨石的Sr,Nd,Pb,Os和稀有气体同位素资料。GRV99027与同类L-S陨石的物质来源为原始火星幔源区;约4M a(溅射年龄)经天体强烈碰撞溅射,在宇宙空间经历不同时间的运行(宇宙射线暴露年龄不同),随后进入地球引力范围,先后陨落在南极。 相似文献
13.
Hiroshi Nagaoka Yuzuru Karouji Tomoko Arai Mitsuru Ebihara Nobuyuki Hasebe 《Polar Science》2013,7(3-4):241-259
The lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 2200 is a regolith breccia with a ferroan feldspathic bulk composition (Al2O3 = 30.1 wt.%; Mg# = molar 100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 59.2) and low Th content (0.42 μg/g). Lithologically, NWA 2200 is a diverse mixture of lithic and glassy clasts, mineral fragments, and impact glass spherules, all embedded in a dark glassy matrix. NWA 2200 contains some feldspathic brecciated rock components (ferroan anorthositic granulitic breccia, poikiloblastic granulitic breccia, and glassy melt breccia with an intersertal texture). The bulk compositions of these brecciated components indicate they are derived from ferroan troctolitic or noritic anorthosite lithologies (bulk Al2O3 = 26–30 wt.%; bulk FeO/MgO > 1.0). The bulk composition of NWA 2200 is more ferroan and feldspathic than the Apollo feldspathic regolith samples and feldspathic lunar regolith meteorites, and is also more depleted in incompatible elements (e.g., rare earth elements) than Apollo 16 feldspathic regolith samples. We conclude that NWA 2200 originated from a location different to the Apollo landing sites, and may have been sourced from the ferroan KREEP-poor highlands, “KREEP” materials are enriched in such elements as potassium (K), rare earth elements (REE), phosphorus (P). 相似文献
14.
根据陨石的矿物岩石学特征、化学组成及结构可划分为球粒陨石及非球粒陨石质陨石两大类。球粒陨石进一步划分为碳质球粒陨石族(CI,CM,CO,CR,CB,CH,CV及CK球粒陨石)、普通球粒陨石族(H,L,LL球粒陨石)、顽辉石球粒陨石族(EH及EL球粒陨石)、R及K球粒陨石群,而非球粒陨石质陨石进一步划分为原始的无球粒陨石族(Acpulcoites,Lodranites,Wi nonaites,IAB硅酸盐包体及IIICD硅酸盐包体)和分异的陨石族。分异的陨石族包括:无球粒陨石(Angrites,Aubrites,Branchinites,橄辉无球粒陨石,HED灶神星陨石,SNCO火星陨石及月球陨石);石铁陨石(中铁陨石及橄榄陨铁);铁陨石(IAB,IC,IIAB,IIC,IID,IIE,IIIAB,IIICD,IIIE,II IF,IVA及IVB铁陨石化学群)。每一陨石族或陨石群,具有类似的成因或形成历史,并来自同一小行星体或行星体,藉此可建立不同陨石族或陨石群之间的成因联系,并可提供早期太阳星云的物理化学条件及其演化的信息。 相似文献
15.
我国第16次南极科考队在格罗夫山的蓝色冰表面回收到28块陨石,本文通过详细的显微镜观测和矿物成分的电子探针定量分析,确定28块陨石中的26块为普通球粒陨石,2块为无球粒陨石。在26块球粒陨石中高铁群(H)有11块,低铁群(L)有10块,低铁低金属群(LL)5块。其中H3 5块、H4 2块、H51块和H6 3块;L3 1块、L4 2块、L5 2块、L6 5块。LL4 1块、LL53块、LL6 1块。两块无球粒陨石GRV 99027和GRV 99018具有较高的研究价值,初步确定GRV 99027为二辉橄榄质火星陨石,GRV 99018为钙长辉长无球粒陨石。 相似文献
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17.
对南极格罗夫山蓝冰地区收集的23个陨石进行了系统研究。经激光共聚焦显微镜观察,未查出碳质球粒陨石。经电子探针鉴定,也未发现顽火辉石球粒陨石。系统的研究确定这些陨石均为普通球粒陨石。运用X射线能谱仪进行全视域元素成分面分析方法,获得了23个陨石的化学成分。应用陨石中SiO_2、∑FeO、MgO、CaO的含量进行图解对比,划分出陨石的化学群,取得了初步的结果。又以电子探针测得的橄榄石、辉石矿物化学成分,采用Fa-Fs图解法进行化学群分类。这两种方法对23个陨石化学群的划分,取得了较为一致结果。陨石岩石类型的确定,主要根据陨石中球粒及基质的特征,参考其它标志,如橄榄石成分、辉石的结构、长石的特征等进行分类,效果较好。对于岩石类型为第3类的非平衡陨石,由于矿物成分变化较大,并可能有水等易挥发成分的存在,其化学群的划分不易确定。 相似文献
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到目前为止,我国南极科学考察队共回收到32块陨石样品,其中二辉橄榄岩质火星陨石及钙长辉长无球粒陨石各1块,未分群的铁陨石1块,其余29块均为普通球粒陨石,在普通球粒陨石中有6块是稀少的低铁群非平衡的陨石,表明在回收的陨石中特殊的和稀少的陨石类型占有较高的比例。在综述国外不同南极陨石类型的划分及其频率的基础上,对我国南极和非南极球粒陨石类型进行了初步对比研究,讨论了一些人们所关注的问题,包括陨石富集区、可能发现新的陨石类型、不同球粒陨石群性质与距日心距离的关系及早期太阳星云的连续化学分馏作用等。 相似文献
20.
EET 96008是一块发现于南极Elephant地区的玄武岩质角砾岩月球陨石。本文对该陨石的矿物岩石学特征进行了详细的观察和描述。EET 96008具有典型的碎屑结构,其角砾浑圆度低,角砾大小一般为0.1-2mm,它主要由角砾（50.2vol%）和基质（49.8vol%）组成,该陨石角砾类型多样：（1）晶屑：主要为辉石、橄榄石、长石以及石英;（2）岩屑：主要为变粒岩岩屑、基性岩岩屑、苏长岩质斜长岩岩屑;（3）玻屑：主要为斜长岩质。基质和角砾在颗粒上是连续过渡的,基质主要是由粒度小于0.1mm的矿物碎屑和玻屑组成。该陨石辉石类型多样,成分变化大Fs18.0-58.0Wo3.9-45.2En3.5-79.1,出溶现象普遍,出溶条纹达到1μm宽;橄榄石中Fa值主要分为两个区域,Fa50-70以及Fa80-95,铁含量较高,平均Fa71.8;长石成分以钙长石为主（An84.9-97.9）,部分斜长石已熔长石化。该陨石与QUE 94281同为月球玄武岩质角砾岩,在结构及矿物组成上具有类似性,但是在岩屑类型及橄榄石矿物成分上存在着明显不同,为非成对陨石,且源区可能不同。EET 96008具有三个典型的冲击暗化区域,有大量的玻璃质以及冲击熔融囊的产生,冲击程度达到S5以上。该陨石在冲击作用下,富铁辉石分解产生钙铁辉石-铁橄榄石-石英,该现象为了解月球表面冲击历史提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献