共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement
and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and
Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous
South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan
period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management
system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China
has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability
and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became
very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects
from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement. 相似文献
2.
社会经济系统水循环研究进展 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
水循环包括自然水循环和社会经济水循环两个方面。社会经济系统水循环指社会经济系统对水资源的开发利用及各种人类活动对水循环的影响。对目前国际国内关于社会经济水循环关注的主要问题 (水资源安全、水资源社会经济研究、人类活动对水循环的影响、水环境、水资源可持续管理和综合管理) 及其进展进行了评述。水资源安全的主要对策已由增加供给转变为水资源需求管理。增加社会参与和明晰水权是水资源管理体制改革的方向。水价在水资源管理中的重要作用得到越来越多的重视。水资源可持续管理和综合管理正逐步落实。水资源需求管理机制、水权水价等水资源管理制度设计、作为可持续水资源管理基础的生态需水问题和环境变化对水资源的影响,将是未来社会经济系统水循环研究的焦点。 相似文献
3.
Multi-object approach and its application to adaptive water management under climate change 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper addresses issues on adaptive water management under the impact of climate change. Based on a set of comprehensive indicators of water system, a decision making approach of multi-objects is developed and applied to quantify water adaptive management for the demands of water sustainable use, water environmental protection and eco-water requirement under the climate change. For this study in China, two key indicators are proposed, namely (1) the water resources vulnerability (V) that was represented by integrated sensitivity (S) and resilience (C) of climate change impact on water resources, and (2) the sustainability of socio-economy and water environment, marked by DD, that is integrated scaler of socio-economic development (EG) based on the amount of GDP and the water environment and relative eco-system quality (LI). To find a reasonable solution for adaptive water management, a multi-objective decision making model of adaptive water management is further developed and the multi-objective model was transformed into an integrated single optimization model through developing an integrated measure function, called as VDD=DD/V. This approach has been applied to adaptive water resources planning and management for case study of China with new policy, called as the strict management of water resources based on three red line controls, i.e., the control of total water use by the total water resources allocation, the control of lower water use efficiency by the water demand management and the control of the total waste water load by water quality management in the Eastern China Monsoon Region that covers major eight big river basins including Yangtze River, Yellow River, Haihe River and Huaihe River. It is shown that the synthetic representation of water resource vulnerability and socio-economic sustainability by the integrated objective function (VDD) and integrated decision making model are workable and practicable. Adaptive management effect of the criterion compliance rate and water use efficiency are more appreciable through new water policy of the three red line controls, which can reduce 21.3% of the water resources vulnerability (V) and increase 18.4% of the sustainability of socioeconomy and water environment (DD) for the unfavorable scenario of climate change in 2030. 相似文献
4.
湿地缺水问题的研究展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湿地是水循环的主体环节,从河流、湖泊、沼泽到河口以至近岸海区,都直接受水资源开发利用的影响。由于水资源传统的开发方式和过度利用,使湿地面临严重的缺水形势。为了保护湿地,维护流域水循环,我国已经开展了湿地生态需水研究,并取得一些成果。但是,如何保障湿地需水仍是摆在我们面前的重要课题。水权是水资源管理更加科学的分配制度,因此借助水权来探索生态需水的保障机制,使湿地生态需水得到可靠保证。 相似文献
5.
《地理学报》2009,30(4):427-436
As one of the most typical wetlands,marsh plays an important role in hydrological and economic aspects,especially in keeping biological diversity.In this study,the definition and connotation of the ecological water storage of marsh is discussed for the first time,and its distinction and relationship with ecological water requirement are also analyzed.Furthermore,the gist and method of calculating ecological water storage and ecological water requirement have been provided,and Momoge wetland has been given as an example of calculation of the two variables.Ecological water use of marsh can be ascertained according to ecological water storage and ecological water requirement.For reasonably spatial and temporal variation of water storage and rational water resources planning,the suitable quantity of water supply to marsh can be calculated according to the hydrological conditions,ecological demand and actual water resources. 相似文献
6.
生态环境需水研究现状和展望 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
生态环境需水是国内外生态水文学研究的热点问题。本文回顾了国内外生态环境需水研究的现状,并对今后生态环境需水研究进行了展望。研究认为:国外对生态需水的研究侧重于河流生态系统,主要是利用所关心的鱼类对河道物理形态、水流状况等变化的响应关系,来确定河流的最小或最佳流量,研究方法主要以水文学法、水力学法和生境模拟法为主。20世纪90年代后,提出了考虑河流生态系统可接受的流量变化,以维持河流生态系统整体功能为目标确定河流生态需水的研究思路。在国内,生态需水研究起步较晚,但发展较快。研究大致经历了二个阶段:1988年至1998年是对生态需水相关概念的认识阶段,1998年之后才真正进入起步性研究阶段。因此,许多理论和方法都有待加强研究。最后,本文提出了以同位素示踪、遥感等技术为支撑,加强生态需水机理和不同时空尺度生态需水转化等问题的研究。 相似文献
7.
As one of the most typical wetlands, marsh plays an important role in hydrological and economic aspects, especially in keeping biological diversity. In this study, the definition and connotation of the ecological water storage of marsh is discussed for the first time, and its distinction and relationship with ecological water requirement are also analyzed. Furthermore, the gist and method of calculating ecological water storage and ecological water requirement have been provided, and Momoge wetland has been given as an example of calculation of the two variables. Ecological water use of marsh can be ascertained according to ecological water storage and ecological water requirement. For reasonably spatial and temporal varia-tion of water storage and rational water resources planning, the suitable quantity of water supply to marsh can be calculated according to the hydrological conditions, ecological de-mand and actual water resources. 相似文献
8.
中国西北“水三线”空间格局与水资源配置方略 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
水是西北地区可持续发展的生命线,中国西北地区占国土总面积35.9%,水资源约占全国水资源总量的5.7%。从水文气象、生态景观与社会经济的演变角度,面向水资源优化配置、生态环境与社会经济协调发展,探索提出西北“水三线”的划分格局,即“胡焕庸线”“阳关线”和“奇策线”。“水三线”是西北水资源合理开发利用的优化配置线、西北生态文明与环境保护的特征分区线、“一带一路”建设的战略制导线和边疆长治久安、社会稳定的国家安全线。针对西北地区水资源开发利用存在的问题、面临的挑战以及西北稳定发展的地理与历史之忧,本文通过对西北调水方案的初步分析,提出了西北“水三线”建设的空间格局与水资源配置方略,即通过建设南水北调大西线这一重大的基础工程,跨越“胡焕庸线”,促进中国东西部地区间适度均衡发展;跨越“阳关线”,促进河西走廊社会经济发展;跨越“奇策线”,增强新疆水资源及环境承载能力,建设和谐美丽、长治久安的西北边疆,形成以西北“水三线”建设为构架的水资源梯度配置格局,支撑西北地区经济社会稳定发展、生态文明建设,促进国土资源、人口分布、产业经济的空间均衡、优化布局、协调发展,为“一带一路”建设提供水资源保障。 相似文献
9.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(3)
This paper addresses issues on adaptive water management under the impact of climate change.Based on a set of comprehensive indicators of water system,a decision making approach of multi-objects is developed and applied to quantify water adaptive management for the demands of water sustainable use,water environmental protection and eco-water requirement under the climate change.For this study in China,two key indicators are proposed,namely(1) the water resources vulnerability(V) that was represented by integrated sensitivity(S) and resilience(C) of climate change impact on water resources,and(2) the sustainability of socio-economy and water environment,marked by DD,that is integrated scaler of socio-economic development(EG) based on the amount of GDP and the water environment and relative eco-system quality(LI).To find a reasonable solution for adaptive water management,a multi-objective decision making model of adaptive water management is further developed and the multi-objective model was transformed into an integrated single optimization model through developing an integrated measure function,called as VDD=DD/V.This approach has been applied to adaptive water resources planning and management for case study of China with new policy,called as the strict management of water resources based on three red line controls,i.e.,the control of total water use by the total water resources allocation,the control of lower water use efficiency by the water demand management and the control of the total waste water load by water quality management in the Eastern China Monsoon Region that covers major eight big river basins including Yangtze River,Yellow River,Haihe River and Huaihe River.It is shown that the synthetic representation of water resource vulnerability and socio-economic sustainability by the integrated objective function(VDD) and integrated decision making model are workable and practicable.Adaptive management effect of the criterion compliance rate and water use efficiency are more appreciable through new water policy of the three red line controls,which can reduce 21.3% of the water resources vulnerability(V) and increase 18.4% of the sustainability of socioeconomy and water environment(DD) for the unfavorable scenario of climate change in 2030. 相似文献
10.
西北内陆河流域“自然—社会—贸易”三元水循环模式解析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
持续的强人类活动大大改变了流域水循环演变的结构、路径和驱动力,后者又反过来影响着人类生存发展的水安全。日益深入的市场经济使人类活动对水循环的影响从一个流域扩展到流域之外更宽广的区域范围,以产品贸易为纽带的水“流动”已成为驱动区域水循环演变与影响区域水安全的重要内在因素。以流域为单元的传统水循环研究,难以揭示不同区域之间的水循环联系、双向回馈机制与协同进化机理。本文从西北内陆河流域长期大量输出高耗水农产品这一现象分析入手,采用理论解析与案例相结合方法,阐述分析内陆河流域自然水循环、“自然—社会”二元水循环、区域间贸易水循环的基本过程、显著特征及其驱动机制,继而首次明确提出内陆河流域“自然—社会—贸易”三元水循环模式,并就其通量计量模型、影响因素与生态环境效应、科学前沿进行了探索分析,以便未来西北内陆河水循环、水文水资源等研究能更多重视对驱动内陆河流域水循环的外部力量及其双向互馈、协同进化的分析,更新内陆河流域水安全、生态安全的思考范式。 相似文献
11.
我国水循环的生物学过程研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
作为IGBP核心计划之一的水循环与生物圈相互作用(BAHC)研究一直是国际学术研究的前沿性热点课题。本文从森林水文生态、山坡水文学、防护林水土保持效益、水生生态系统净化作用等方面,综述了我国在水循环与生物圈相互作用研究方面的进展。并指出了从水循环的生物过程来分析我国的水资源安全、西部地区的生态环境建设和经济开发战略问题,探讨东西部协调发展模式和生态系统与水资源管理方略时必须解决的有关科学问题。 相似文献
12.
民勤县2000-2009年来水资源生态环境压力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
民勤县面临的水资源危机已经受到人们的普遍关注。水资源生态环境压力是指为了保护人类生存发展的生态环境、以维持整个社会经济活动的正常运行,而对水资源造成的数量和质量上的压力,简称水资源压力。通过从人口、经济和生态3个方面选取多个指标建立水资源压力指数,对民勤近10 a来水资源压力问题进行分析。结果表明,民勤水资源压力较高,属于重度缺水,人口和经济发展挤占生态需水,引起生态环境恶化。多年来通过采取节水、调水、分水等措施,水资源压力指数由2000年的0.627降到2009年0.329,虽然水资源压力有所减缓,但地下水超采和生态环境缺水严重、水资源短缺问题仍未缓解。 相似文献
13.
论水权的性质及构成 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
水权的客体、性质和权能结构可从其自然属性、经济属性、法律属性三方面进行分析。水权是自然资源产权，水权的客体是水资源而非水产品，即生态用水之外的部分水资源。水权是具有公权色彩的私权，是符合物权属性基本前提下的准物权。我国水资源为国家所有，在水权权系构成中，水资源所有权是第一位的权利。水资源所有权的派生权利如占有权、使用权、部分收益权、部分处分权等可与所有权相分离并进行流转，从而形成水权市场和水权交易制度。在我国，水资源使用权即是取水权，根据取水方式的差异，包括汲水权、引水权、蓄水权等；根据水资源使用方式的差异，则包括灌溉权、经营权、饮用权等。本文认为，水域(水面)使用权、排水权、水资源分配权等不属于水权的范畴。 相似文献
14.
以新疆典型干旱区内陆河流域为研究对象，通过对地理、地貌、水文气象条件、流域水循环特征的系统分析，提出了水资源开发利用存在的三大问题，即：水资源匮乏且时空分布严重失衡，跨界河流水安全问题突出；水资源过度开发利用，人工绿洲与天然绿洲结构严重失调，生态环境恶化；水资源利用效率效益低，供需矛盾和水盐平衡失控。以水问题和水需求为导向，工程措施与生态保护并举，采用系统科学的基础理论与分析方法，构建了三层级多目标水循环调控理论与工程技术体系，分别从宏观、中观、微观三个层级，提出了区域、流域、灌区水循环调控与水资源高效利用的科学模式和关键技术。结合区域地形地貌特点和水资源禀赋条件，建立了北疆“网式”、南疆“环式”、东疆“串式”结构水循环调控框架，增强区域水资源合理配置的调控能力。针对流域水循环特点，提出山区水库替代平原水库和河道内与河道外引水“三七调控”、经济与生态耗水“五五分账”的综合调控模式。围绕现代灌区建设和面临的挑战，研究指出建立节水灌溉—水盐调控—地下水利用—生态保护“四位一体”的水资源高效利用综合调控技术体系，是干旱区绿洲农业可持续发展的方向。 相似文献
15.
华北地区水循环与水资源安全:问题与挑战 总被引：47，自引：6，他引：41
华北缺水及其日趋严重的生态环境变化是中国首要解决的问题之一。目前,由于山区与平原径流明显减少和过量开发水资源,造成了地下水漏斗加深、平原区河道干涸、湖泊湿地萎缩、地表和地下水污染等生态环境恶化问题,严重影响到华北地区水资源安全,已引起党和国家的高度重视。本文以海河流域为重点对象,通过国内外学科前沿进展综述,指出华北地区缺水及其导致的生态环境恶化问题背后的自然和人文因素作用与发展演化的背景,强调高强度人类活动作用下的水循环基础研究的重要性,提出华北地区水资源安全的水循环基础与应用问题研究的若干建议与思考。研究自然和人类活动双重作用下的华北地区水循环过程,水体运动与污染物质输移及其与生态环境演变耦合机制,阐明华北地区"河道断流,水体污染,湿地消失,地下水枯竭"的成因规律,特别是人类活动的驱动分量,提出生态环境修复的理论基础,不仅对变化环境下流域水环境演变的地学基础科学前沿研究有重大的学术价值,而且对中国可持续发展和社会进步具有重要的战略意义。 相似文献
16.
1 Introduction Recently, some important international institutions, like the World Bank (WB) and the Asian Development Bank, have pointed out that there will exist water crises, water conflicts, and even water wars in the 21st century. The equitable utilisation and co-ordinated management of the shared freshwater resources in international watercourses (sharing rivers, lakes, and underground water layers) were particularly emphasised and are turning out to be the international hot point an… 相似文献
17.
Western China includes 12 provincial divisions (the 7 provinces of Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and; 5 autonomous regions of Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Guangxi; and one city of Chongqing), which comprise 71.4% of the national land area, 28.5% of the national population and produce 17.5% of the national GDP in China. There are 17 countries that have riparian relationships with western China, most of which are water-short countries. All are listed by UN ESCAP as countries with potential water crisis. The co-operative development and coordinated management of international rivers in western China is an important step toward the implementation of the national Great Western Development program. Taking into account of the national strategy and object hierarchy, as well as the development demand of the western region, it is necessary to pursue the multi-disciplinary study of the equitable allocation, utilisation, and ecoenvironment protection of transboundary water resources in the region. Such efforts will undoubtedly provide scientific evidence and support for the decision-making of the environmental protection and ecological construction and management in the western regions, the enforcement of the sub-regional economic co-operation, mitigation of trans-boundary conflicts, and enhancing bio-diversity conservation. 相似文献
18.
水资源是制约干旱、半干旱区社会经济发展的关键因素，结合联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）指标和美丽中国评价指标，以水资源承载力为核心，从水资源系统、社会系统、经济系统、生态环境系统、协调系统5个方面构建指标体系，基于熵权法确定权重，评价2001-2017年黑河流域各县区水资源承载力及时空分布。结果表明：（1）当前水资源利用效率水平下，2010年以来黑河流域大多数县区GDP均超过最大承载能力，而人口则在2010年以前已超载。（2）从水资源承载综合评价结果来看，2001-2015年随着生态输水工程的进一步实施，水资源承载力有所好转，但中下游波动较大，水资源形势依然十分严峻。（3）控制不断扩展的绿洲面积，减少高耗水农作物种植面积，实施合理用水总量控制和定额管理措施，是减缓水资源压力的重要措施。 相似文献
19.
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has proposed an important national strategic decision:to explore and establish the balance sheet of natural resources,to implement leaders' of-office auditing system about natural resources assets.Water is one of the most essential nature resources of human beings;water resources accounting,as an important water resources management tool,is an essential part of compiling the natural resources balance sheet.In this paper,we provide a summary of the historic evolution of water resources accounting and analyze its application in some typical countries.Although water resources accounting and water resources balance sheet reflect different implications and focus,both require water resources accounts as the basis in system establishment. 相似文献
20.
水系统综合管理与模拟工具(WIM)的设计与开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大规模的人类活动已经将不同流域连接为一个整体系统,针对跨流域复杂水问题的研究,从科研和管理的角度,迫切需要发展集多源数据集成、水循环过程模拟和决策支撑为一体的水系统综合管理与模拟平台。本文面向国家需求,采用面向对象设计方法,基于GIS平台创建了具有自主知识产权的WIM(Water system Integrated Modeling and Management Tool)系统。WIM是一个基于模块化结构的水系统综合管理与模拟工具,实现了水循环多源数据集成和多过程耦合模拟,具有数据动态加载、模型在线耦合和模块按需定制等功能。WIM提出为复杂水问题的研究,跨流域调水对陆地水循环影响与水安全分析提供了支撑,促进了中国在水循环综合模拟与系统集成等方面的科技发展。 相似文献