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1.
The Barents Sea ice sheet - a sedimentological discussion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Sediment sampling and shallow seismic profiling in the western and northern Barents Sea show that the bedrock in regions with less than 300 m water depth is unconformably overlain by only a thin veneer (<10 m) of sediments. Bedrock exposures are probably common in these areas. The sediments consist of a Holocene top unit, 0.1–1.5 m in thickness, grading into Late Weichselian glaciomarine sediments. Based on average sedimentation rates (14C-dating) of the Holocene sediments, the transition between the two units is estimated to 10,000–12,000 B.P. The glaciomarine sediments are commonly 1–3 m in thickness and underlain by stiff pebbly mud, interpreted as till and/or glaciomarine sediments overrun by a glacier. In regions where the water depth is over 300 m the sediment thickness increases, exceeding 500 m near the shelf edge at the mouth of Bjørnøyrenna. In Bjømøyrenna itself the uppermost 15–20 m seem to consist of soft glaciomarine sediments underlain by a well-defined reflector, probably the surface of the stiff pebbly mud. Local sediment accumulations in the form of moraine ridges and extensive glaciomarine deposits (20–60m in thickness) are found at 250–300m water depth, mainly in association with submarine valleys. Topographic highs, probably moraine ridges, are also present at the shelf edge. Based on the submarine morphology and sediment distribution, an ice sheet is believed to have extended to the shelf edge at least once during the Pleistocene. Spitsbergenbanken and the northern Barents Sea have also probably been covered by an ice sheet in the Late Weichselian. Lack of suitable organic material in the glacigenic deposits has prevented precise dating. Based on the regional geology of eastern Svalbard, a correlation of this younger stage with the Late Weichselian is indicated.  相似文献   

2.
The Middle and Upper Jurassic Bathonian-Oxfordian shallow-water carbonate rocks from the Paris Basin, France, consist mainly of oolitic and bioclastic limestones that are hydrocarbon reservoirs in the subsurface. Despite a preliminary positive study, these deposits have been considered to be largely remagnetized (Rochette, private communication), and hence not amenable to palaeomagnetic dating. To establish their magnetic mineralogy and test this remagnetization hypothesis, we have used an integrated investigation combining petrographic, geochemical, rock-magnetic and palaeomagnetic measurements on samples extracted from five cores from the Paris Basin and from outcrops in Burgundy. Magnetic minerals in the Bathonian-Oxfordian carbonates include: (1) primary biogenic single-domain magnetite and detrital multi-domain Ti-magnetite and their oxidized form, maghemite; (2) authigenic spheres of magnetite probably related to hydrocarbons; and (3) goethite, either restricted to ferruginous ooid layers or resulting from surficial alteration, notably replacement of pyrite framboids. Rock-magnetic experiments carried out on 68 samples reveal H cr/ H c and M rs/ M s ratios ranging from 1.88 to 5.58 and 0.017 to 0.314, respectively. These values are clearly distinct from diagnostic values for a chemical remagnetization. Pyrrhotite was not identified within these sediments. Moreover, the average H cr/ H c ratio of 3.14 is significantly different from the value of 1.333 for natural pyrrhotite (Dekkers 1988). These results have a direct implication for the preservation of the primary magnetization; consequently, these deposits are selectively amenable for magnetostratigraphic dating and possible regional correlations.  相似文献   

3.
Summary. Rayleigh and Love wave group velocities were determined for 21 paths across the Barents shelf. Those group velocities exhibit regional variations of 1.0 km-1 or more at short periods, depending upon the location of the path within the shelf. Only two different crustal shear-velocity models beneath sedimentary layers are required, however, to explain all of the group velocity data. One model pertains to most of the shelf from a longitude near the eastern coast of Svalbard to Novaya Zemlya. The other pertains to a 200 or 300 km wide region at the western edge of the shelf. Shear velocities in the upper crust of the western region are significantly higher and the crust is much thinner than they are for the rest of the shelf. That region is known to have moved to its present prosition from a point several hundred kilometres to the north during the Caledonian orogeny.
Surface wave group velocities within each of the two regions are strongly influenced by sediments which have accumulated in basins within the Barents shelf. Some of these basins, in the southern portion of the shelf, may be 10km or more in thickness.  相似文献   

4.
The Pennsylvanian marine foreland basin of the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain) is characterized by the unique development of kilometre‐size and hundred‐metre‐thick carbonate platforms adjacent to deltaic systems. During Moscovian time, progradational clastic wedges fed by the orogen comprised proximal alluvial conglomerates and coal‐bearing deltaic sequences to distal shelfal marine deposits associated with carbonate platforms (Escalada Fm.) and distal clay‐rich submarine slopes. A first phase of carbonate platform development (Escalada I, upper Kashirian‐lower Podolskian) reached a thickness of 400 m, nearly 50 km in width and developed a distal high‐relief margin facing a starved basin, nearly 1000‐m deep. Carbonate slope clinoforms dipped up to 30° and consisted of in situ microbial boundstone, pinching out downslope into calciturbidites, argillaceous spiculites and breccias. The second carbonate platform (Escalada II, upper Podolskian‐lower Myachkovian) developed beyond the previous platform margin, following the basinward progradation of siliciclastic deposits. Both carbonate platforms include: (1) a lower part composed of siliciclastic‐carbonate cyclothems characterized by coated‐grain and ooid grainstones; and (2) a carbonate‐dominated upper part, composed of tabular and mound‐shaped wackestone and algal‐microbial boundstone strata alternating at the decametre scale with skeletal and coated‐grain grainstone beds. Carbonate platforms initiated in distal sectors of the foreland marine shelf during transgressions, when terrigenous sediments were stored in the proximal part, and developed further during highstands of 3rd‐order sequences in a high‐subsidence context. During the falling stage and lowstand systems tracts, deltaic systems prograded across the shelf burying the carbonate platforms. Key factors involved in the development of these unique carbonate platforms in an active foreland basin are: (1) the large size of the marine shelf (approaching 200 km in width); (2) the subsidence distribution pattern across the marine shelf, decreasing from proximal shoreline to distal sectors; (3) Pennsylvanian glacio‐eustacy affecting carbonate lithofacies architecture; and (4) the environmental conditions optimal for fostering microbial and algal carbonate factories.  相似文献   

5.
Conventional high resolution studies of varved sediments are able to identify clastic and biogenic laminae, but are often unable to resolve the nature of fine-scale lamination contained therein. This intra-annual signal provides us with the highest potential resolution from the sedimentary record and can be resolved using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six case studies from lacustrine and marine settings are presented to illustrate the combination of clastic and biogenic fabric types typically found in laminated sediments. Clastic laminae fabrics include those which originate through grain settling and those which are event deposits. The correct identification of event deposits is essential if varves are to be used chronologically. SEM-based biogenic laminae fabric studies have identified seasonal faunal successions where individual laminae may be less than 100 thick and most recently, deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) summer diatom floras, providing an insight into seasonal scale processes. High resolution lamina fabric studies can provide a basis for generating records of seasonal and inter-annual variability, thus contributing to our understanding of lacustrine and marine processes and palaeoenvironmental interpretation.  相似文献   

6.
A high resolution sediment record spanning the entire time since the ice retreat after the Last Glacial Maximum has been recovered from Lac d'Annecy. The main focus of this study is to develop a reliable chronology of the record and to evaluate the environmental variability during the period of Late Würmian ice retreat. Most of the record is laminated. These laminations are of different structure, composition, and thickness. On the basis of varve stratigraphy five sedimentation units were identified which correspond to particular stages in the deglaciation of the region. Except for one each facies type has been related to an annual cycle of deposition. Varve counting in combination with radiocarbon dating provides the time control of the record and dates the base of lacustrine deposits to 16,600 varve yrs BP. The beginning of the Late Glacial is marked by a shift from clastic to endogenic carbonate varves caused by the climatic warming. Clastic varves have been further subdivided into a succession of complex and standard varve types. These variations of clastic varve formation are triggered by the ice retreat and related hydrological variations in the watershed of the lake. Sedimentological, mineralogical and isotopic data help identify different sediment sources of the sub-layers. Proximal sediments originate from local carbonaceous bedrock whereas distal sediments have characteristics of the molassic complex of the outer Alps. The alternation of proximal and distal sediments in the varve sequence reflects the deglaciation of the Annecy area with a changing influence of local and regional glaciers. The melting of the Alpine ice sheet is the driving force for regional environmental changes which in turn control the sediment transport and deposition processes in Lac d'Annecy.  相似文献   

7.
Origin of the sedimentary deposits of the Naracoorte Caves, South Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
M.S. Forbes  E.A. Bestland   《Geomorphology》2007,86(3-4):369-392
The origin of the sediments located in the Naracoorte Caves (South Australia) was investigated via the analysis of strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr), elemental geochemistry, and mineralogy. Sedimentary deposits located in Robertson, Wet, Blanche and several other chambers in Victoria Cave are all variable mixes of fine sand and coarse silts, which display similar and consistent strontium isotope ratios (0.717–0.725). This suggests that over the 400 ka time frame that these deposits span there has been minimal variation in the source of the clastic sediments. Increased strontium concentrations for these cave sediments correspond with increasing silt content, yet there is no correlation between 87Sr/86Sr ratios and silt content. This implies that the silt-sized component of the sediments is the main contributor of strontium to the cave sediments. Comparisons of 87Sr/86Sr with regional surficial deposits show a significant correlation between the cave sediments (avg: 0.7228; n = 27), the fine silt lunettes of the Bool Lagoon area (avg: 0.7224; n = 4), the sandy A horizons of the Coonawarra Red Brown Earths (RBEs; avg: 0.726; n = 5), and Holocene age podsolic sand deposits (0.723). These data suggest that there has been substantial flux from this group of deposits to the caves, as would be expected considering prevailing winds. This relationship is further supported by a strong correlation between many trace elements, including Ti, Zr, Ce, and Y; however, variations in clay mineralogy suggest that the fine silt-dominated lunettes and Padthaway RBEs were not significant contributors to the cave deposits. Hence, the detritus entering the caves was more than likely from areas proximal to the cave entrance and was dominated by medium grain-sized materials. Major regional deposits, including the coarser-grained, calcite-rich Bridgewater Formation sands, basalts from the lower SE, Padthaway Horst granites, Gambier limestone, and metamorphics from the Adelaide geosyncline show minimal correlation in 87Sr/86Sr ratios, elemental geochemistry, and mineralogy with the cave sediments, and are discounted as significant sources. In comparison, 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the Coorong silty sands (0.717–0.724), Lower Murray sands (0.727–0.730), and the medium size silt component of the Murray–Darling River system (0.71–0.72), compare favourably with the cave sediments. This relationship is further supported by similarities in elemental chemistry and mineralogy. Thus, much of the strontium-rich silt that is now located in the Naracoorte Cave sediments likely originated from the Murray–Darling basin. Over time, this material has been transported to the SE of South Australia, where it mixed with the medium sand component of the regressive dune ridge sequence, locally derived organic matter, limestone fragments, and fossil material to produce the unique deposits that we see evident in many of the chambers of the Naracoorte Cave system today.  相似文献   

8.
Most of the sediment components that have accumulated in ElkLake, Clearwater County, northwestern Minnesota, over the past 1500 years areauthigenic or biogenic (CaCO3, biogenic SiO2, organicmatter, iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, and iron phosphate) and are deliveredto the sediment–water interface on a seasonal schedule where they are preservedas distinct annual laminae (varves). The annual biogeochemical cycles of thesecomponents are causally linked through the carbon pump, and are recapitulatedin longer-term cycles, most prominently with a periodicity of about 400 years.Organic carbon is fixed in the epilimnion by photosynthetic removal ofCO2, which also increases the pH, triggering the precipitation ofCaCO3. The respiration and degradation of fixed organic carbon inthe hypolimnion consumes dissolved oxygen, produces CO2, and lowersthe pH so that the hypolimnion becomes anoxic and undersaturated with respectto CaCO3 during the summer. Some of the CaCO3 produced inthe epilimnion is dissolved in the anoxic, lower pH hypolimnion and sediments.The amount of CaCO3 that is ultimately incorporated into thesediments is a function of how much is produced in the epilimnion and how muchis consumed in the hypolimnion and the sediments. Iron, manganese, andphosphate accumulate in the anoxic hypolimnion throughout the summer.Sediment-trap studies show that at fall overturn, when iron-, manganese-, andphosphate-rich bottom waters mix with carbonate- and oxygen-rich surfacewaters, precipitation of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, iron phosphate, andmanganese carbonate begins and continues into the winter months.Detrital clastic material in the sediments of Elk Lake depositedover the last 1500 years is a minor component (<10% by weight) that ismostly wind-borne (eolian). Detailed analyses of the last 1500 years of the ElkLake sediment record show distinct cycles in eolian clastic variables (e.g.aluminum, sodium, potassium, titanium, and quartz), with a periodicity of about400 years. The 400-yr cycle in eolian clastic material does not correspond tothe 400-yr cycles in redox-sensitive authigenic components, suggesting that theclastic component is responding to external forcing (wind) whereas theauthigenic components are responding to internal forcing (productivity),although both may ultimately be forced by climate change. Variations in theoxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CaCO3 are small but appearto reflect small variations in ground water influx that are also driven byexternal forcing.  相似文献   

9.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of suspended sediment levels and transport pathways in Kuwait's northern territorial waters are described, with special reference to Kuwait Bay. Near-surface water samples were collected from 12 stations, covering the whole of the embayment. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) were derived. Heavy metal concentrations, mineralogical composition and grain size constituents were derived for the suspended sediments retained on the filter papers.The distribution pattern of the suspended sediments indicates the possibility of tidal current activity, dust fallout contribution and to a lesser extent, the effect of the Shatt Al-Arab (especially in northeastern Kuwait Bay). The distribution of various types of sediments and the variations of their textural, compositional and concentrations are controlled largely by the hydrodynamic conditions, nature of sediments.The results demonstrate clearly the potential impact of the Gulf War as manifested by the increase of SSC in 1992, compared to 1989/1990. Such an input may be attributed also to drainage processes from the Iraqi marshes. More studies are required to understand the environmental impacts of the suspended matter and the associated pollutants.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract Using a detailed petrographical procedure conceived for arenites rich in carbonate clasts, the influence of tectonism and eustacy on silicate/carbonate cycles of the Eocene Hecho Turbidite Complex has been tested, and the palaeogeography of the source/basin system outlined.
Both extrabasinal and intrabasinal sources of sediments were active during basin filling. The extrabasinal source terrains, located in the southern sector of the basin, were made of the Pyrenean crystalline basement (granites, gneisses and phyllites) overlain mainly by carbonate rocks (Cretaceous limestones and dolostones, minor chert and siltstones). The intrabasinal sources, represented by foramol shelf carbonate factories, provided penecontemporaneous carbonate bioclasts, intraclasts and peloidal grains.
Foreland thrusting in the South-Central Pyrenees has acted as the major control on the composition and architecture of the Hecho Turbidite Complex. Strong uplift of old silicate and carbonate source terrains during southward thrust propagation was responsible for erosion, swamping and/or reduction of shelfal areas, and gave rise to siliciclastic and carbonate basinal sequences (silicate arenites and calclithites) during lowstand stages. Conversely, hybrid arenites (mixture of extrabasinal and intrabasinal grains) originated from resedimentation of marginal shelf sediments produced in carbonate factories active during the initial phase of sea-level rise. Hybrid arenites with minor intrabasinal content also formed during one stage of relative sea-level fall from the erosion of previously accumulated highstand complexes.
During resedimentation processes, hybrid sands underwent marked hydraulic selection documented by deposits depleted in carbonate grains in the channel area, and by thin-bedded turbidites rich in platy-skeletal fragments, low-density peloids and void-rich bioclasts down-basin.  相似文献   

11.
Glacial landscapes of the Land of Great Masurian Lakes and Suwa?ki Lakelands in northeast Poland are characterized by very high abundance of lakes. These two areas were surveyed for lakes containing laminated sediments. Using bathymetry as a criterion, 60 small, deep lakes, representing preferred conditions for formation and preservation of lacustrine non-glacial varves, were selected for gravity coring. We found laminated sediments in 24 of the lakes, 15 in the Land of Great Masurian Lakes and 9 in the Suwa?ki Lakeland. Seven of these 24 sediment records were laminated in the topmost part only. Analysis of lake morphometric variables showed that the relation between surface area and maximum water depth can be used to identify lakes with laminated sediments. Most of the newly discovered lakes with laminated deposits have surface areas ≤0.3 km2 and maximum depths of 15–35 m. Multivariate statistical analysis (Linear Discriminant Analysis) of the lake dataset identified the morphological features of lake basins and their catchments that largely control preservation of laminated sediments. Microscopic and geochemical analyses revealed a biogenic (carbonaceous) type of lamination typical for lakes in northeast Poland. Such lakes are characterized by a spring-summer lamina that is rich in calcium carbonate and an autumn-winter lamina composed of organic and minerogenic detritus. This pattern may be modified by multiple periods of calcite deposition during a single year or substantial contribution of clastic material. Laminations and high sedimentation rates offer the possibility of high-resolution investigation of past climate and environmental changes through application of myriad biological, isotopic and geochemical proxies.  相似文献   

12.
长江口泥质区的季节性沉积效应   总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27  
利用长江口泥质区及其邻近海域夏季和冬季的悬浮体、温度和盐度资料,就长江口泥质区悬浮体的季节性分布和沉积效应进行探讨。由于台湾暖流的强烈阻隔作用,夏季和冬季长江入海的泥沙基本滞留在123o15'E以西的内陆架进行搬运和沉积。长江入海沉积物供应量、台湾暖流、浙江沿岸流和长江冲淡水具有明显的季节性变化规律,致使长江口泥质区的沉积效应具有强烈的季节性,冬季沉积作用弱,夏季沉积作用强。该泥质区是长江入海沉积物的“汇聚区”,其中冬季的沉积物汇聚量显著小于夏季。长江口泥质区和济州岛西南泥质区的沉积过程变化都具有季节性,但有其各自的鲜明特色。  相似文献   

13.
柴达木盆地大面积裸露于地表的古湖相沉积物长期受到物理风化的剥蚀作用,成为风尘堆积的主要物源。而沉积物中的生物标志物在一定条件下会被保存下来,记录了古环境变化。利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对采自柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖古湖相沉积物样品进行了分析,结果检测出一系列具有生物源指示意义的生物标志物,主要包括系列正构烷烃、系列正烷基-2-酮、正构脂肪酸/醇/酯、系列支链烷烃、系列烷基酰胺以及若干五环三萜类（非藿烷系列）及甾类化合物。研究发现柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖湖泊沉积物中生物标志物未受强烈的成岩作用及微生物活动的改造,基本保持了原有的分布特征。正构烷烃高碳数系列明显的奇碳优势以及样品中高含量的非藿类五环三萜类生物标志物的检出说明在高原封闭性盐湖中曾经存在着大量高等植物碎屑的输入,指示了沉积时期气候湿润、植被相对繁盛,与柴达木盆地的现代自然地理环境截然不同。  相似文献   

14.
Major components of lacustrine sediments, such as carbonates, organic matter, and biogenic silica, provide significant paleoenvironmental information about lake systems. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques are fast, cost effective, efficient methods to determine the relative abundances of these components. We investigate the potential of these techniques using sediments from two large lakes, Lake Malawi in Africa and Lake Qinghai in China. Our results show statistically significant correlations of conventionally measured concentrations of carbonate (%CaCO3), total organic carbon (%TOC), and biogenic silica (%BSi), with absorbance in the corresponding FTIR spectral regions and with XRF elemental ratios including calcium:titanium (Ca/Ti), incoherent:coherent X-ray scatter intensities (Inc/Coh), and silicon:titanium (Si/Ti), respectively. The correlation coefficients (R) range from 0.66 to 0.96 for comparisons of FTIR results and conventional measurements, and from 0.70 to 0.90 for XRF results and conventional measurements. Both FTIR and XRF techniques exhibit great potential for rapid assessment of inorganic and organic contents of lacustrine sediments. However, the relationship between XRF-ratios or FTIR-absorbances and abundances of corresponding sedimentary components can vary with sediment source and lithology.  相似文献   

15.
Accurate determination of the thicknesses of 2717 biogenic carbonate varves from a Swiss lake (Soppensee), spanning the period from about 9740 to 6870 calendar yr BP, allowed the computation of a power spectrum using classical FFT methods. The presence of pronounced peaks at 40-50 and 20-25 yr agrees with the results of other studies on varve thickness and D14C which have been interpreted as indicating an association between solar forcing and varve thickness. The presence in the Soppensee varve series of an additional peak at 10.9 yr, corresponding to the Schwabe sunspot cycle, lends further support to this hypothesis. Because the Soppensee varves are of biogenic rather than clastic origin, any influence fluctuations in solar irradiance may have had on sedimentation rates is likely to have been exerted via primary production.  相似文献   

16.
The results of the geochemical investigation on bulk sediment fromthree cores collected in Albano crater lake (Central Italy) are reported, andthe main markers of the palaeoenvironmental changes in the last 26ka are discussed. The sediment of Lago Albano consists of greysilt and mud, and is made of volcanogenic, calcareous, siliceous and organicmaterial. Some tephra layers provide a chronological framework for thesequence. The chemical features of the sediments are strongly impacted by theAlban Hills volcanism (Roman volcanic area), but there are also strong changesof organic/inorganic matter ratios, owing to variations in biologicalproductivity and terrigeous supply from the catchment. Six chemostratigraphiczones record the main steps of the transition from the cold and dry climate ofGlacial Maximum to the warmer and more humid Holocene climate. The most usefulgeochemical indices are: biogenic silica, CO2, Br and organiccontent (OM) for biological productivity; Al, Y, CIA (Chemical Index ofAlteration), Al/Rb, Ti/Zr and Y/Al ratios for terrigenous clasticmaterial; OM/Al ratio for organic/terrigenous ratio; S/Fe andMo/Fe ratios and Authigenic U for redox diagenetic conditions of the lakesediment. The geochemical records agree rather well with those of thelithological and paleomagnetic studies, and despite the information obtainedare less detailed than those acquired by the study of biological remains, thepalaeoenvironmental significance inferred is consistent. A comparison of thechemostratigraphic results of Lago Albano with those obtained on coevalsediments from Central and Southern Italy lakes supports the role of thegeochemical investigation as important complement to more sophisticatedtechniques in the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.  相似文献   

17.
A 5.52 m long sediment sequence was recovered from Lake Terrasovoje, Amery Oasis, East Antarctica, in order to reconstruct the regional environmental history. The basal sediments, which are dominated by glacial and glaciofluvial clastic sediments, attest to a Late Pleistocene deglaciation of the lake basin. These sediments are overlain by 2.70 m of laminated algal and microbial mats and a few interspersed moss layers. Radiocarbon dating, conducted on bulk organic carbon of 12 samples throughout the organic sequence, provides a reliable chronology since the onset of biogenic accumulation at c. 12,400 cal. year BP. Successful diatom colonization, however, was probably hampered by extensive ice and snow cover on the lake and restricted input of nutrients until 10,200 cal. year BP. A subsequent increase of nutrient supply culminated between 8600 and 8200 cal. year BP and is related to warm summer temperatures and reduced albedo in the catchment. Warm conditions lasted until 6700 cal. year BP, supporting the establishment of a diatom community. Colder temperatures from 6700 cal. year BP culminated in several periods between 6200 and 3700 cal. year BP, when high amounts of sulphur and low abundances of diatoms were deposited due to a perennial ice and snow cover on the lake. During the late Holocene, relatively warm conditions between 3200 and 2300 cal. year BP and between 1500 to 1000 cal. year BP, respectively, indicated by high accumulation of organic matter and reducing bottom water conditions, were interrupted and followed by colder periods.  相似文献   

18.
We determined hydrogen isotope ratios of modern lake-waters and individual lipids from surface sediments of 36 lakes in the eastern North America. The lakes selected lie on two transects (south–north transect from Florida to Ontario and east–west transect from Wisconsin to South Dakota) and encompass large temperature and moisture gradients, and a wide range of lake water δD values (>100‰). The study allows a rigorous test of the applicability of using δD values of sedimentary lipids as paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental proxies. We examined a range of lipids including C17 n-alkane, straight chain fatty acids, phytol and sterols in both free extracts and ester-bound fractions in the solvent extracted sediments. Useful isotopic indicators are expected to show a linear correlation and constant fractionation factor between their δD values in surface sediments and modern lake water. Our results demonstrate that several lipid compounds, free and ester-bound palmitic acid (16:0), C17 n-alkane, and phytol are useful candidates for paleoclimate reconstructions, in addition to two sterols that have been suggested previously (. Compound-specific D/H ratios of lipid biomarkers from sediments as a proxy for environmental and climatic conditons. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65: 213–222). Authigenic or biogenic carbonate in sediments is conventional material for paleoclimatic study using ocean and lake sediments. However, because majority of lake sediments do not contain suitable carbonate materials for isotopic study, hydrogen isotope ratios of these lipids provide invaluable new sources of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information.  相似文献   

19.
王国  张青松 《极地研究》1998,10(3):24-33
对巴罗ＡＢ－６７钻孔岩芯的粒度分析资料和地球化学分析资料进行了系统的多变量沉积过程分析。结果表明,３２～６０ｃｍ岩芯段为陆相沉积,该段沉积环境和沉积过程都较为稳定;２０～３２ｃｍ岩芯段为由陆相向海相转换的过渡时期,此时粗粒的含Ｃｒ磁性矿物由峰值跌入谷值,硅、钙质氧化物减少,钛、铁质氧化物增加,有机质成分增加;０～２０ｃｍ岩芯段为海相沉积,本段沉积粗粒成分很少,氧化物、粘土、有机质和吸附成分波动很大,表层淋溶残余成分迅速增加,物源环境稳定,但动力条件变化较大  相似文献   

20.
《极地研究》1991,2(2):82-88
Analysis and study of clastic and clay minerals of surface sediments and their chemical composition in the sea area northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula enable the authors to divide this area basically into four mineralogical provinces: (1) the mineral ogical province of coast and island shelf of the Southern Shetland Islands, (2) the mineral ogical province of the eastern Bransfield Strait, (3) the mineral ogical province of the western Bransfield Strait, and (4)the mineral ogical province of the western Antarctic Peninsula. Finally, the relationships between the mineral distribution and geologic, structure, material sources, glaciers, currents, and environments are briefly described.  相似文献   

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