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1.
基于雷达卫星图像的黄淮海原城体系空间结构研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
基于雷达卫星ScanSAR遥感图像分析，根据中心地理论，对黄淮海平原不同地貌，水文等要素影响下的城镇体系空间结构进行研究，结果表明：１）利用雷达遥感对结构信息的灵敏反应和雷达卫星ＳcanSAR合适分辨率，在图像上直接显示出建成区和范围，直观反映出城镇相对等级，这也表明雷达遥感在城市地理研究中的应用潜力，２）黄河海平原城镇空间结构深受自然条件特别是地貌尤其是水文（河流、古河道、湖泊）的影响，城镇体系可划分为５种类型区，３）发展体现了理论上对中心地体系由六边形向五边形或四边形演化的构建模型，４）无论六边形还是五边形的中心地体系，本区体现了理论上对中心地间的距离构造法则与实际情况的良好关系，证衤了克氏的中心地理论在黄淮海平原重要农产区的某种存在。 相似文献
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自然地理因素对城镇体系空间结构影响的样式分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
由于微波可以对地表的微起伏、建筑及地表粗糙度等具有敏感的响应,使得雷达遥感在这些方面研究中成为最有用的工具之一。本文利用由加拿大遥感中心 PCI提供的Radarsat Scan SAR数据,对黄、淮、海平原城镇体系空间结构提出自然因素影响下的样式研究。自然条件是城市形成和发展的自然基础。本文通过自然地理因素中水文 (河流、古河道 )、地形这两个重要要素对城镇体系空间结构形成的影响,分析了华北平原区在不同要素影响下的城镇体系空间结构样式 :1在水源充足的准“均质”河北冲积平原上,基本满足六边形形成条件,但由于周边中心地发展竞争力不同,故使得正六边形发生畸变——覆盖面积减小而周长却保持不变 ;2构建了在一条河流影响下的六边形网络结构朝五边形网络演变的模型 ;3构建了在平行状河流作用下六边形网络向四边形网络演替的模式 ;4指出了在水源充足的狭长地理空间,城镇体系空间结构发育成等间距的现象与原因。 相似文献
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海峡西岸经济区城镇体系空间结构特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在经济全球化背景下,福建省正处于全面发展的工业化阶段,面对外界各种流体的汇集和离散,机遇与挑战并存。如何构建福建省区域城镇体系的等级、功能和空间结构,协调区域发展,实现海峡西岸经济区的成功崛起乃是福建省在今后区域规划中的重要任务。立足海峡西岸经济区主体福建省城镇体系空间结构现状,从节点、轴线、网络、域面四个维度分析其结构特征,得到以下结论:①福建省城镇经济发展目前已形成2个主中心(厦门市、福州市辖区)、1个次中心(泉州市辖区)、6个地方中心和一批较大生产规模城镇;②闽东南地区城镇整体水平高于闽西北地区,中部地区城镇沿线发展程度仅次于沿海地区城镇密集带;③福建省城镇体系空间分布较为适中;④福建省城镇经济发展梯度差异较大。 相似文献
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该文从城镇引力场的角皮,侧重城镇体系成长演变、空间演变、空间结构、功能等级结构等方面对冀东城镇体系进行了系统的剖析.从中发现,城镇在随社会经济发展过程中,以形成体系的方式运动,在空间上形成一定的网络(城镇场空间结构),具有六边形趋向.以城镇场引力平衡为基础的城镇场空间结构是城镇的滋生点.在动态上,达种空间结构具有从高值向低值演进的规律. 在等级结构方面,作者发现,城镇规模等级与区域对城镇的服务要求有严格的对数关系,这种关系也是城镇成长的内因之一,它与城镇场空间结构点(外因)结合,便是城镇最佳区位点. 作者还对冀东城镇体系发展进行了预测. 相似文献
5.
基于agent的商业中心地空间结构动态模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以克里斯泰勒提出的中心地空间结构为研究对象,回顾和总结了中心地理论的主要内容、理论发展和实际应用,并以复杂性科学的理论和方法为基础,根据中心地理论假设,提出基于agent建模的两层次agent模型结构,通过遗传算法再现和验证了克氏单一职能的六边形中心地空间格局。模拟表明,微观自主体的相互作用的确可以突现出六边形宏观空间格局,这为以后突破克氏理论中"均质、静态、封闭"的不足提供了新的研究途径。中心地宏观空间结构的微观机理需要进一步结合经济学演绎模型和ABM的计算实验深入研究。 相似文献
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基于相互作用视角分析了河流与城镇体系结构形成的关联特征及空间表现。河流作为重要自然要素,与城镇体系结构的形成演变存在紧密的关联性,并在空间上表现出不同的特征,研究结果表明:1从数量结构来看,城镇依河流呈非均衡集中分布格局;2规模结构方面,城镇对河流依赖随规模递增而增强,且大城市分布与河流等级、区位密切相关;3职能结构方面,沿河城镇职能具有河流属性特征,且区域中心城市或综合性城市多沿河分布;4空间结构方面,河流引导沿岸城镇空间布局分异,改变中心地空间布局理论结构,且引导沿岸城镇空间体系呈现出点—轴、双核等结构模式。 相似文献
7.
自武汉城市圈获批两型社会建设综合改革配套实验区以来,湖北省政府以将城市圈"一强众弱"的畸形结构转变为"一核多强"的合理结构为总体目标,采取了一系列"一体化"建设措施,这些措施的实施是否推动了武汉城市圈城镇体系空间结构极化趋势的缓解,值得检验和深入研究。该文在运用城镇体系空间结构演变理论对武汉城市圈建设对其城镇体系空间结构演化带来的可能影响进行理论探讨的基础上,定量分析武汉城市圈建设前后其城镇体系空间结构的演变特征和趋势,结果表明:武汉城市圈建设后,其城镇体系空间结构的集聚趋势正在减弱,武汉城市圈已进入扩散性极化阶段;武汉城市圈建设在一定程度上达到了缓解其城镇体系空间结构极化趋势的目的。 相似文献
8.
以1990-2007年天山北坡城镇GDP、土地、人口、交通数据为资料,根据城镇空间分布“最近邻点指数”理论,空间相互作用和分形理论,分析了天山北坡城镇空间分布特征,构建了绿洲城镇相互作用强度判断模型,提出并论证了“组团”点-轴空间结构模式优越性。研究发现:①天山北坡经济带城镇人口规模和经济规模在空间结构呈现3个城镇高密集区,两个城镇稀疏区特征;②传统绿洲城镇空间结构下,城镇接受中心城市辐射差异很大,不利于城镇整体发展;③以“乌鲁木齐都市圈”为点的“组团”点-轴空间结构模式,有利于中心组团城镇对其他城镇的辐射;④以“５组团”为点的点-轴模式有利于组团之间的相互作用,有利于城镇发展;⑤天山北坡经济带向伊犁河谷延伸有利于中心组团城镇对其他组团城镇的辐射。 相似文献
9.
以广西西江黄金水道开发规划为例,采用层次(AHP)分析法,提出了由经济区位、水运能力、综合交通条件和产业发展潜力等4个方面13个因素所构成的评估指标体系,预估西江黄金水道开发规划对区域内各城镇的差异性影响,发现其具有轴向集聚性和轴线分异性,因而不同次区域应因地制宜地采用不同的城镇化发展战略。同时,本文对反映不同的城镇发展战略与重点的"金三角"、"倒T字型"和"中心辐射型"等三种空间结构进行综合比较,认为广西城镇体系规划原来所提出的"中心辐射型"空间结构已不适宜,而"倒T字型"模式和"金三角"模式各有优缺点,可将它们进行组合集成,构建特色鲜明、疏密有致的城镇体系。 相似文献
10.
旅游中心地是旅游目的地系统的核心部分,对区域旅游的发展起着十分重要的作用。运用分形理论,构建了旅游中心地规模与空间结构的分形模型,并以河南省旅游中心地为例进行了实证研究。研究表明:将分形理论应用于旅游中心地规模与空间结构的研究是可行的,河南省旅游中心地规模与空间结构具有比较明显的分形特征。在规模结构方面,河南省形成了以郑州市为首位旅游中心地的6个层级的等级规模体系;在空间结构方面,河南省的18个旅游中心地之间是一种比较均匀的空间结构布局。 相似文献
11.
The fluvial geomorphological development of the Tagliamento River and its flooding history is analysed using historical documents and maps, remote-sensed data and hydrological information. The river has been building a complex alluvial fan starting from the middle part of its alluvial course in the Venetia–Friuli alluvial plain. The riverbed is aggrading over its entire braided length. The transition from braiding to meandering near Madrisio has shifted downstream where the river width determined by the dikes becomes narrower, causing major problems. The flood hazard concentrates at those places and zones where flooding occurred during historical times. Prior to the agrarian and industrial revolution, land use was adjusted to the flooding regime of the river. Subsequent land-use pressure led to a confinement of the river by dikes to such an extent that the flood risk in the floodplain downstream of Madrisio has increased consistently, and represents nowadays a major territorial planning issue. The planned retention basins upstream of the middle Tagliamento will alleviate the problem, but not solve it in the medium and long term. Therefore, fluvial corridors in the lower-middle parts (from Pinzano to the sea) have been identified on the basis of the flooding history in relation to fluvial development during historical times. The result should be used for hydraulic simulation studies and land-use planning. 相似文献
12.
中心地体系与水系分形结构的相似性分析——关于人-地对称关系的一个理论探讨 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10
以城市体系与水系的分形结构相似性为实例,探讨人文地理系统与自然地理系统的对称性及其破缺特征。首先建立城市人口—河流长度、城区面积—流域面积、 (某一级别的 )城市数目— (某一等级的 )河流数目等测度对应关系 ;然后证明基于中心地理论的Beckmann城镇等级—规模模型与 Horton水系构成第一、第二定律数理同构,关于城市人口—城区面积的异速生长关系模型与关于主河道长度—流域面积的几何测度关系模型以及 Horton水系构成的第二、第三定律数理同构 ;进而提出 :城市体系与水系分形结构的相似性实质上是自然—人文地理系统的对称性,只是这种对称关系存在一定程度的破缺,地理系统的演化目标之一似乎是要重建大自然的对称律。 相似文献
13.
The study aims to estimate the relative contributions of the two drainage basins of the Aliakmon and Axios rivers which, since the Mid-Holocene, have been responsible for building the largest deltaic area in Greece. Sediments from five cores located in the central part of the Thessaloniki Plain have been studied for their environmental changes using paleontological and sedimentological methods. Chronostratigraphical evidence was obtained from 14C AMS dating of marine shells, peat and organic sediment samples. During the Holocene marine transgression, this large coastal plain was a shallow marine bay reaching approx. 35 km inland circa the 4th millennium BC, from which the sea subsequently regressed to the east. Around the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, strong fluvial deposition of Aliakmon, to the east, and of Axios, to the north, occurred and was responsible of a gradual change to lagoonal and limnic environmental conditions. Around the 5th Century BC, a freshwater lake occupied the westernmost part of the plain.Microfaunal identification, together with magnetic susceptibility measurements, and grain-size analysis reveal three main environments of sediment deposition that reflect combinations of both concentrated and dispersed sources of magnetic/source minerals. Using remote sensing and a combination of spectral bands (LANDSAT TM imagery), we identify former fluvial levees and a freshwater lake, and give a spatial interpretation of the rivers' influences in building this deltaic complex. The mechanisms of edification of the plain as well as the roles played by Aliakmon and Axios sedimentation are described. 相似文献
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15.
Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area, detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet's layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastern Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian'e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake, the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastern Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestern China. The event caused the lake's shrinkage. (3) By fault activity uplift in the northern part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southern part, the lake's water followed from north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan Lake separated from Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned. (4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan Lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000). 相似文献
16.
On paleodrainage evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene based on radar remote sensing in northeastern Ejin Banner,Inner Mongolia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
WANGXinyuan GUOHuadong CHANGYueming ZHALiangsong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(2):235-241
Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area,detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet‘s layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastem Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian‘e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake,the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastem Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestem China. The event caused the lake‘s shrinkage. (3)By fault activity uplift in the northem part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southem part, the lake‘s water followed fi‘om north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan lake separated fi‘om Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned.(4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000). 相似文献
17.
珠江口红树林湿地演变与现状的遥感分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 Introduction Half of the mangrove wetlands in China are situated in Guangdong province (Wang and Chen, 1998). The province used to have various types of wild mangrove forests along its coastal areas. The rapid expansion of urban areas and the fast deve… 相似文献
18.
Mangrove forests have important ecological functions in protecting the environment. However, the mangrove wetlands have been largely lost because of intensified human activities in the study area. Remote sensing can be conveniently used for the inventory of mangrove forests because field investigation is very difficult. In this study, a knowledge-based system is developed to retrieve spatio-temporal dynamics of mangrove wetlands using multi-temporal remote sensing data. Radar remote sensing data are also used to provide complementary information for the quantitative analysis of mangrove wetlands. Radar remote sensing is able to penetrate mangrove forests and obtain the trunk information about mangrove structures. The integration of radar remote sensing with optical remote sensing can significantly improve the accuracies of classifying mangrove wetland types and estimating wetland biomass. 相似文献
19.
Merged remotely sensed data for geomorphological investigations in deserts: examples from central Saudi Arabia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Image merging has gained acceptance in geological remote sensing, however it has rarely been applied in geomorphology. We report on the usefulness of principal components substitution (PCS) to merge IRS panchromatic data with multispectral Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, to map commonly encountered desert geomorphological features, and in relative age dating of alluvial surfaces. The merged data were applied to the identification and mapping of geomorphological features along two geolo-gically different mountain fronts in central Saudi Arabia. Two types of geomorphological maps have been created. A morphogenetic map that distinguishes between aeolian landforms, fluvial landforms, desert pavements, and gypsum crusts. Second, a morphochronological map, which shows the relative age of four geomorphic surfaces developed on an alluvial fan. The construction of the two maps is supported by field observations and laboratory measurements. Using the optimum index factor (OIF), a TM band 1, 5 and 7 image (of 20 merged composites) was found to be the optimum colour composite image for the geomorphological features in this arid environment. We discuss our findings in the context of the spatial and spectral properties required for applied geomorphological remote sensing. 相似文献