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论述的主题是农业现代化的指标体系和评价方法,从现代化的一些基本概念着手,在借鉴国内外有关农业现代化研究成果的基础上根据我国农业现代化的特点提出基本实现农业现代化的标准,确定了一套可行的农业现代化指标体系.据此对北京市2002年和2003年农业现代化发展水平进行了评价. 相似文献
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通过构建老挝农业可持续发展水平评价指标体系,运用熵值法和层析分析法计算得出17个省域(直辖市)的人口系统、经济系统、社会系统、资源与环境系统和农业可持续发展水平综合得分,并对老挝省域农业可持续发展水平进行排序和分析。整体而言,中寮各省(直辖市)的农业可持续发展水平最高,下寮次之,上寮较低;老挝省域农业可持续发展水平整体差异不大,高水平和中低水平省域分布较为集中,中高水平和低水平省域相对分散,各等级空间分布形成由3个核心区域向周围递减的态势。最后指出,着力于打造3个核心农业发展区域,发挥其带动作用,并针对不同省域的农业发展状况采取相应措施,是逐步实现老挝农业可持续发展的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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农业资源利用效率高低直接影响中国农业发展可持续与否,正日益引起学术界的广泛关注。本文综述了国内外近些年在农业资源利用效率概念、农业生产模式、农业生产潜力、农业资源利用效率评价以及效率提高途径等方面的研究情况,并在总结现状研究不足基础上认为,今后一段时间要加强农业资源利用效率理论研究、区域间比较研究、建立普适性利用效率评价指标体系和评价方法以及引入新的综合方法。 相似文献
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本文利用多种不同比例尺的遥感图像,分析了陕北地区的地貌特征及其区域分异规律,将陕北地区分为三个地貌区,即东部黄土基岩丘陵区、中部黄土丘陵区和西部风沙区；还分析了地貌条件对农业生产的影响及地貌的区城变化所引起的农业生产布局的区域变化,在此基础上对陕北地区的农业生产布局提出了初步的看法。 相似文献
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抽取地下水进行农业灌溉是导致地下水位快速下降的重要因素，而长期过度开采地下水往往会引发地面沉降灾害，这种现象在干旱和半干旱地区非常普遍。为了研究农业灌溉超采引发的地表形变特征和演化规律，本文以准噶尔盆地南缘、天山北麓地带为研究区域，利用SBAS-InSAR技术对2003年—2009年覆盖呼图壁县的ENVISAT/ASAR升、降轨数据进行处理，获取了该地区的地表形变场，并结合研究区的农业灌溉方式、水资源补给和季节变化等资料对地面沉降的时空变化特征进行分析，为水资源和农业可持续发展提供参考意义。实验表明，研究区内主要有两个沉降幅度较大的漏斗，且都位于农田区域。2007年以前，研究区地表没有显著形变，之后发生了较大量级的沉降。采用传统灌溉方式和时针式灌溉系统的农业区平均沉降速率最高分别可达50 mm/a和30 mm/a，前者在时间上呈线性变化，而后者具有显著的周期性变化特征。在冬季时，采用时针式灌溉系统的地区地面抬升量可达40 mm，远大于传统灌溉方式的农田区域，而夏季地面沉降速率可达200 mm/a。对研究区农业灌溉活动进行分析后发现，农业灌溉造成的地下水超采是该地区地面沉降的主要影响因素，其形变机制与季节变化具有较高的相关性，在灌溉活动休止期内地表形变取决于地下水的补给量。研究区内的形变特征和影响因素分析将为地下水资源的充分利用和农业的可持续发展提供有效的信息。 相似文献
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简要介绍了“数字福建”的建设目标，详细地分析了数字农业的建设内容(即农业专题数据库的建设和农业信息系统的建立)以及数字农业的总体框架。认为数字农业的建设应该在“数字福建”的总体框架下进行，即农业专题数据库的建设必须采用“数字福建”统一的标准和规范进行信息资源的整合和信息共享，而农业信息系统是基于福建省政务信息共享平台的一个行业应用系统，系统成功的关键在于建立统一的接口规范。 相似文献
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基于云平台的农业综合信息应用系统的设计与开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析国内农业信息化服务现状的基础上,基于云计算技术搭建了农业综合信息服务应用系统,设计了系统的总体架构,对农业资源数据进行分类与存储设计以及平台提供的数据服务功能。从技术实现的角度阐述了系统的开发环境、集群节点部署、农业数据资源与模型发布等关键技术,并以洪泽湖地区为例,实现了该地区农业用地资源、土地利用现状、水资源分布、气象信息等农业信息的有效管理与共享查询。实践证明,基于云平台的农业综合信息系统,能很好地支撑农业综合信息服务,为农业综合数据管理与共享应用提供了科学的决策支持。 相似文献
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基于RS和GIS的农业土地利用污染分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业已被确认为地表和地下水最主要的非点源污染源，而土地利用方式又是影响非点源污染的关键性因素。大规模的土地利用与开发、化肥与农药用量的增加、规模养殖业的发展、生活垃圾的增加等，这些非点污染源严重威胁水体质量，进而影响到人们的生活。为了更好地预测和控制、管理非点源污染，必须研究其负荷定量化问题。本文从以上几方面入手，讨论了非点源污染与农业土地利用方式之间的关系，利用组件GIS技术，以网格为评价单元，实现非点源污染负荷的定量计算及可视化分析。文章最后以上海市松江区作为研究区域，对该区的污染情况进行了分析。 相似文献
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D. E. Parry 《The Photogrammetric Record》1974,8(43):65-80
System corrected multispectral imagery of the Central Afar region in Ethiopia provided by the ERTS-1 satellite was evaluated for the purposes of natural resource inventory under the headings of geology, vegetation, soils and land use. The methods and results of image interpretation are discussed in detail and the following general conclusions may be drawn. The ERTS-1 imagery provides a synoptic view of the region that is very nearly orthographic. A colour composite print of multispectral bands 4, 5 and 7 is superior to any of the individual black and white bands for natural resource interpretation. Exploratory soil, vegetation and land use maps and reconnaissance geological maps can be constructed rapidly. The small percentage of forest and agricultural land in this particular area enhances the geological value of the image. Satellite imagery is a valuable addition to the more conventional forms of aerial photography for agricultural studies provided that the study area covers at least 10 000 km2. Ground control was acquired between October 1972 and May 1973. 相似文献
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GIS技术在区域经济分析中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
讨论了GIS技术在区域经济分析中的应用,提出了一个基于GIS技术的区域经济分析系统。随后给出了实例分析——应用全国空间数据和统计数据(如GDP等)在ArcView GIS的系统环境下开发了一个区域经济差异特征分析模块,得出了全国各区域的差异情况,并对整个区域进行了经济分区,为区域经济规划的制定与决策提供了一种科学的依据。 相似文献
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Integrated approach of using remote sensing and GIS to study watershed prioritization and productivity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil data obtained from soil resource inventory, land and climate were derived from the remote sensing satellite data (Landsat
TM, bands 1 to 7) and were integrated in GIS environment to obtain the soil erosion loss using USLE model for the watershed
area. The priorities of different sub-watershed areas for soil conservation measures were identified. Land productivity index
was also used as a measure for land evaluation. Different soil and land attribute maps were generated in GIS, and R,K,LS,C
and P factor maps were derived. By integrating these soil erosion map was generated. The mapping units, found not suitable
for agriculture production, were delineated and mapped as non-arable land. The area suitable for agricultural production was
carved out for imparting the productivity analysis; the land suitable for raising agricultural crops was delineated into different
mapping units as productivity ratings good, fair, moderate and poor. The analysis performed using remote sensing and GIS helped
to generate the attribute maps with more accuracy and the ability of integrating these in GIS environment provided the ease
to get the required kind of analysis. Conventional methods of land evaluation procedures in terms of either soil erosion or
productivity are found not comparable with the out put generated by using remote sensing and GIS as the limitations in generating
the attribute maps and their integration. The results obtained in this case study show the use of different kinds of data
derived from different sources in land evaluation appraisals. 相似文献
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张根寿 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1991,(1)
本文以分析和解译自然条件图为例,研究了等值线图和质量特征图综合分析的理论和方法。对多幅不同性质、不同表示方法的地图上的地理现象模拟的抽样方法、样点规模和样点布置作了深入研究,特别是将模糊数学综合评分和聚类分析引入信息采集及处理。通过县级农业气候类型区划的实例证实,结果正确且有实用价值。研究表明,模糊数学在多幅不同性质及表示方法的地图分析中有独特的优点。 相似文献
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Degraded lands in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra were assessed using remote sensing technique. District wise land degradation maps were generated on 1:25,0000 scale through visual interpretation of lRS 1A data supported by limited ground survey. It was observed that degraded lands occupy nearly 2.1 million ha or 21.5 per cent of the total geographical area. The analysis of district wise land degradation statistics indicate that. Yavatmal and Akola districts are graded as having most problematic lands in the region. Nagpur, Amravati, Buldana and Wardha districts are categorised as moderately problematic, whereas Gadchiroli, Chandrapur and Bhandara are districts having least problem of degradation. Among the major land forms, the largest degraded area is associated with undifferentiated plain accounting for 1.1 million ha or 12 per cent of the total area of region, which is mostly under cultivation. It thus follows that problem of degradation is more rampant in agricultural land than forest/waste lands. 相似文献
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The results obtained using the object-based image analysis approach for remote sensing image analysis depend strongly on the quality of the segmentation step. In this paper, to optimize the scale parameter in a multiresolution segmentation, we analyse a high-resolution image of a large and heterogeneous agricultural area. This approach is based on using a set of agricultural plots extracted from official maps as uniform spatial units. The scale parameter is then optimized in each uniform spatial unit. Intra-object and inter-object heterogeneity measurements are used to evaluate each segmentation. To avoid subsegmentation, some oversegmentation is allowed, but is attenuated in a second step using the spectral difference segmentation algorithm. The statistical distribution of the scale parameter is not equal in all land uses, indicating the soundness of this local approach. A quantitative assessment of the results was also conducted for the different land covers. The results indicate that the spectral contrast between objects is larger with the local approach than with the global approach. These differences were statistically significant in all land uses except irrigated fruit trees and greenhouses. In the absence of subsegmentation, this suggests that the objects will be placed far apart in the space of variables, even if they are very close in the physical space. This is an obvious advantage in a subsequent classification of the objects. 相似文献
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This paper presents a novel methodological approach to countrywide vegetation mapping. We used green vegetation biomass over the year as captured by coarse resolution hyper-temporal NDVI satellite-imagery, to generate vegetation mapping units at the biome, ecoregion and at the next lower hierarchical level for Namibia, excluding the Zambezi Region. Our method was based on a time series of 15 years of SPOT-VGT-MVC images each representing a specific 10-day period (dekad). The ISODATA unsupervised clustering technique was used to separately create 2–100 NDVI-cluster maps. The optimal number of temporal NDVI-clusters to represent the information on vegetation contained in the imagery was established by divergence separability statistics of all generated NDVI-clusters. The selected map consisted of legend of 81 cluster-specific temporal NDVI-profiles covering each a 15-year period of averaged NDVI data representing all pixels classified to that cluster. Then, by legend-entry using the dekad-medians of all 15 annual repeats, we produced generalized legend-entries without year-specific anomalies for each cluster. Subsequently, a hierarchical cluster analysis of these temporal NDVI-profiles was used to produce a dendrogram that generated grouping options for the 81 legend-entries. Maps with cluster-groups of 8 and 4 legend-entries resulted. The 81-cluster map and its 65 legend-entries vector version have no equivalent in published vegetation maps. The 8 cluster-group map broadly corresponds with published ecoregion level maps and the 4 cluster-group map with the published biome maps in their number of legend units. The published vegetation maps varied considerably from our NDVI-profile maps in the location of mapping unit boundaries. The agreement index between our map and published biome maps ranges from 70−93. For the ecoregion level, the agreement index is much lower, namely 51−75. Our methodological approach showed a considerably higher discretionary power for hierarchical levels and the number of vegetation mapping units than the approaches applied to previously published maps. We recommended an approach to transform our three hyper-temporal NDVI-profiles based legend-entries into more specific vegetation units. This might be accomplished by re-analysis of available, spatially-comprehensive plant species occurrence data. 相似文献
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以富锦市为研究区域,运用地理信息系统、土地资源学、土地利用规划学的知识,并结合景观生态学的相关知识,对该区域垦区与农区的耕地配置模式进行对比分析,着重从垦殖率、耕地内部数量结构、空间分布特征、斑块特征、居民点等方面探讨二者耕地配置模式的异同。结果表明:农区垦殖率为81.94%,高于垦区的70.64%;农区的水田、旱地面积相差悬殊,旱地面积接近于水田的7倍;农区、垦区水旱混合区分别占耕地总面积的13.28%和36.15%;农区水田斑块为10.81ha,小于垦区的21.38ha。最后为土地整治项目提出了一些参考建议,旨在促进农业现代化发展。 相似文献
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Reconstructing past landscapes from historical maps requires quantifying the accuracy and completeness of these sources. The accuracy and completeness of two historical maps of the same period covering the same area in Israel were examined: the 1:63,360 British Palestine Exploration Fund map (1871–1877) and the 1:100,000 French Levés en Galilée (LG) map (1870). These maps cover the mountainous area of the Galilee (northern Israel), a region with significant natural and topographical diversity, and a long history of human presence. Land-cover features from both maps, as well as the contours drawn on the LG map, were digitized. The overall correspondence between land-cover features shown on both maps was 59% and we found that the geo-referencing method employed (transformation type and source of control points) did not significantly affect these correspondence measures. Both maps show that in the 1870s, 35% of the Galilee was covered by Mediterranean maquis, with less than 8% of the area used for permanent agricultural cropland (e.g., plantations). This article presents how the reliability of the maps was assessed by using two spatial historical sources, and how land-cover classes that were mapped with lower certainty and completeness are identified. Some of the causes that led to observed differences between the maps, including mapping scale, time of year, and the interests of the surveyors, are also identified. 相似文献