共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
扩展了地图代数系统的功能 ,提出了运用地图代数进行洪水淹没模拟与分析的方法 ,建立了洪水淹没模型 ,并给出了洪水淹没模拟与分析的实例 相似文献
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基于水文仿真模型与GIS的三维可视化在城市洪水演进中的模拟研究——以马鞍山为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对城市三维可视化虚拟场景构建和洪水演进实时动态模拟及其实现方法进行研究。以洪水水文数学模型为核心计算方法,对系统构建过程中的关键技术进行了深入探讨和研究,构建了城市洪水演进和洪水淹没三维模拟系统。研究表明,三维可视化技术与水力学模型结合提高了模型计算结果的准确性和可视性,对于城市防洪决策及水利工程有重要意义。以安徽省马鞍山市为应用实例,实现了城市三维地形仿真场景模拟及洪水演进分析和三维模拟。 相似文献
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传统GIS在实现溃坝洪水过程模拟时通常是采用无源淹没分析或有源淹没分析方法,这些方法忽略了洪水演进过程中的物理学与动力学因素,模拟结果的时效性、可靠性较差,表达效果也较为简单。针对此问题,该文提出结合光滑粒子流体动力学方法与GIS相关技术实现溃坝洪水演进的三维动态可视化及分析,以光滑粒子流体动力学生成的海量多维时空序列流体粒子数据为基础,研究了粒子数据的建模及时空数据的时空建模技术。最后在自主研发的系统中实现了溃坝洪水演进的三维动态可视化表达及分析,应用效果良好。 相似文献
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洪涝灾害损失评估是防洪减灾科学决策的基础,其中洪水淹没分析是准确提取洪水淹没范围、水深及历时等灾情信息的关键。洪水淹没分析主要采用数字高程模型数据,由于DEM的格网分辨率与高程精度有限,常出现异常的洼地或平地,导致难以可靠地计算每个格网点处的流向,而传统方法采用统一高程的洼地填平处理又使得容易出现洪水演进过程中复杂起伏地形水面爬坡以及平坦地形水位断流的问题,为此提出顾及流速和淹没时间的自适应逐点水位修正算法,即在DEM坡面流模拟的基础上,根据洪水水流特性、地形、边界变化、水流速度、水深变化以及淹没点的淹没时间,计算水位修正值,对洪水演进过程中每个格网点的水位进行修正,采用多种地貌类型的DEM数据进行试验,证明洪水演进的淹没范围、水深及历时的实时计算结果准确可靠,可为快速评估灾害损失与防洪决策服务提供更为科学的依据。 相似文献
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本文使用ArcEngine开发组件提取DEM数据为二维数组,并据此对洪水淹没分析有关的一系列问题方法进行重点介绍,其中主要包括流域的提取、有源淹没和无源淹没等。同时依据这些方法在ArcEngine组件环境下使用C#语言实现了洪水淹没分析系统。 相似文献
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王克刚 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(1):112-114,117
研究了如何构建3维可视化虚拟场景和洪水演进的动态模拟及其实现方法.基于水文模型和DEM为核心计算方法,对3维洪水淹没构建过程中的技术进行了探讨和研究,研究表明,3维可视化技术与水力学模型结合提高了模型计算结果的准确性和可视性,对于防洪决策及水利工程有重要意义.以长江九江段数据为应用实例,进行3维地形仿真场景模拟及洪水演... 相似文献
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伍彦 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(11)
洪水灾害严重影响着国民经济发展,危害人民生命财产安全,破坏生态环境。本文以福州市为背景,首先简要分析了台风对福州市的影响和引发的灾害;其次运用MATLAB对降雨量的大小进行预测分析并得出地表保水能力的强弱,确定淹没范围;最后应用分析得到的降雨数据,实现洪水淹没状态和周边场景的模拟。 相似文献
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以日本防灾建设为背景,介绍了SuperMap在日本防灾信息系统开发中的几个典型应用,主要包括灾害地图门户网站、家物倒坏危险区域瓦片制作工具群、洪水推定区域地图数据下载网站、落石防灾管理系统和浸水模拟检索系统. 相似文献
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一种面向海量数字高程模型数据的洪水淹没区快速生成算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
常见种子点填充算法在实现DEM数据下的洪水淹没区生成时,具有难以处理大数据量以及过多的递归计算易导致算法效率较低等缺点。针对此问题,本文提出一种面向海量DEM数据的洪水淹没区生成算法分块压缩追踪法,该算法采用条带分块和实时栅格压缩存储技术,以解决海量地形数据下的淹没分析计算问题。最后,通过将本算法与常见种子点填充算法和分块种子点填充算法进行了对比测试,实验结果表明本算法不仅较好地解决了海量DEM数据下的洪水淹没区生成问题,与常规种子点填充算法和分块种子点填充算法相比亦具有较高的计算效率。 相似文献
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Stream flow forecast and its inundation simulations prior to the event are an effective and non-structural method of flood damage mitigation. In this paper, a continuous simulation hydrological and hydrodynamic model was developed for stream flow forecast and for spatial inundation simulation in Brahmani–Baitarani river basin, India. The hydrologic modelling approach includes rainfall-run-off modelling, flow routing, calibration and validation of the model with the field discharge data. CARTOSAT Digital Elevation Model of 30 m resolution, land use/land cover derived from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) AWiFS and soil textural data of the study area were used in the modelling to compute topographic and hydraulic parameters. The hydrological model was calibrated with the help of field observed discharge data of 2006 and 2009 and validated with the data of 2008 and 2011. From the results, it is found that computed discharges are very well matching well with the observed discharges. The developed model can provide the stream flow forecast with more than 30 h lead time. Possible flood inundations were simulated using hydrodynamic modelling approach. CARTO Digital Elevation Model of 10 m resolution, landuse and the computed flood hydrographs were used in inundation simulations. 相似文献
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SAR与TM影像的IHS变换复合及其质量定量评价 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
本文采用四种典型的IHS变换方法,对同一地区的SAR与TM影像进行了复合,并对复合后图像的信息量及清晰度作了定性和定量分析。结果表明,用熵、联合熵和平均梯度这三个定量指标客观评价SAR与TM影像的复合效果,比目视评价结果准确有效,从而为选择最佳IHS变换方法进行多源遥感数据复合提供了依据。 相似文献
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Man has had to live with floods since the very inception of his existence. Fury of flood causes heavy damages to both life and property. Accurate flood inundation data is one of the essential requirements for effective management of flood problem. Remote Sensing methods are well suited for acquiring flood inundation data because of synoptic, repetitive coverage of the satellite data. This paper briefs on an attempt to map flood inundated areas in a part of Mahanadi river basin using remote sensing data. 相似文献
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Flood inundation is crucial to the survival and prosperity of flora and fauna communities in floodplain and wetland ecosystems. This study tried to map flood inundation characteristics in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, utilizing hydrological and remotely sensed data. It integrated river flow time series and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images to map inundation dynamics over the study area on both temporal and spatial dimensions. Flow data were analyzed to derive flow peaks and Annual Exceedance Probabilities (AEPs) using the annual flood series method. The peaks were linked with MODIS images for inundation detection. Ten annual maximum inundation maps were generated for water years 2001–2010, which were then overlaid to derive an inundation frequency map. AEPs were also combined with the annual maximum inundation maps to derive an inundation probability map. The resultant maps revealed spatial and temporal patterns of flood inundation in the basin, which will benefit ecological and environmental studies when considering response of floodplain and wetland ecosystems to flood inundation. 相似文献
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C. M. Bhatt G. Srinivasa Rao P. Manjushree V. Bhanumurthy 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(1):99-108
One of the most important elements in flood disaster management is the availability of timely information for taking decisions
and actions by the authorities. During the August 18, 2008 Kosi floods which impacted India and Nepal and affected more than
three million people, aero-space technology proved to be a critical input for providing vital information on flood inundation.
The satellite based flood inundation maps were extensively used for identifying marooned villages, submerged roads and railway
tracks and carrying out the relief and rescue operations by the state agencies. Decision Support Centre (DSC) at National
Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) kept a constant watch on the flood situation. More than 200 flood inundation maps, using about
30 satellite datasets were generated and provided in near real time mode to the state agencies during August to October, 2008.
DSC efforts were primarily focused in providing an overall picture of the flood situation in a short span of time to the state
agencies. The present paper discusses about the operational use of remote sensing technology for near real time flood mapping,
monitoring of Kosi floods and the satellite based observations made for the Kosi river breach. 相似文献
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超分辨率制图SRM (Super-resolution Mapping)技术可以有效地处理遥感图像中的混合像元,获得准确的地物类别分布信息。目前,SRM技术已经成功地应用于多光谱图像洪水淹没定位中,称为超分辨率洪水淹没制图SRFIM (Super-resolution Flood Inundation Mapping)。然而,现有的SRFIM方法往往基于像元尺度空间相关性,这种空间相关性考虑设定的矩形窗内的像元之间的空间关系,但实际情况下淹没区域与非淹没区域的形状是不规则的,因此这种像元尺度空间相关性不够准确,影响最终的洪水淹没制图精度。为了解决这一问题,提出了超像元尺度空间相关性下的多光谱图像超分辨率洪水淹没制图SSSC-SRFIM (Super-resolution Flood Inundation Mapping for Multispectral Image Based on Super-pixel Scale Spatial Correlation)。在SSSC-SRFIM中,首先利用双立方插值改善原始粗糙多光谱图像,获得改善后的图像,并利用光谱解混方法对改善后的图像进行光谱解混,获得具有每个亚像元属于淹没类别概率值的丰度图像;然后利用主成分分析法提取改善后图像的第一主成分,并利用基于多分辨率的图像分割算法分割第一主成分,获得不规则形状的超像元;再者将丰度图像与超像元进行整合计算,并引入随机游走算法计算各个超像元之间的空间相关性;最后,依据超像元空间相关性,利用基于类别单元的类别方法将淹没区域或非淹没区域标签分配给每个亚像元中,得到最终的洪水淹没制图结果。利用两个Landsat 8 OLI多光谱图像对该方法进行了评价。结果表明,与传统的SRFIM方法相比,本文提出的SSSC-SRFIM方法具有更好的效果。 相似文献
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洪涝灾害会造成农田淹没、居民住宅损毁等危害,因此对洪水淹没范围进行实时、准确监测可有效进行灾后治理。利用光学传感器提取洪水淹没范围时,不能穿透云层,因此无法获取有效地面信息;而SAR使用微波波段,不受天气影响,在夜间也能成像。因此,SAR成为洪水灾害灾情评估的有力工具。本文利用2021年9月23日、10月5日、10月17日3景SAR雷达影像Sentinel-1A数据,计算相干性系数,设置阈值为0.2,提取水体淹没范围,分析其扩张范围及变化趋势,并根据生成的形变图分析水位抬升变化,验证了基于雷达数据的相干系数阈值提取方法监测洪水淹没范围,以及采用InSAR技术准确提取水体边界与分析水位上升趋势的可行性。 相似文献
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Rapid flood mapping is critical for local authorities and emergency responders to identify areas in need of immediate attention. However, traditional data collection practices such as remote sensing and field surveying often fail to offer timely information during or right after a flooding event. Social media such as Twitter have emerged as a new data source for disaster management and flood mapping. Using the 2015 South Carolina floods as the study case, this paper introduces a novel approach to mapping the flood in near real time by leveraging Twitter data in geospatial processes. Specifically, in this study, we first analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of flood-related tweets using quantitative methods to better understand how Twitter activity is related to flood phenomena. Then, a kernel-based flood mapping model was developed to map the flooding possibility for the study area based on the water height points derived from tweets and stream gauges. The identified patterns of Twitter activity were used to assign the weights of flood model parameters. The feasibility and accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing the model output with official inundation maps. Results show that the proposed approach could provide a consistent and comparable estimation of the flood situation in near real time, which is essential for improving the situational awareness during a flooding event to support decision-making. 相似文献