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本文对采用方向检核之横向位移差(或检查角之差)检查测量成果正确性问题进行了较为详尽的分析和探讨,论证了方向检核法的严重缺陷,提出:在测量规范中规定横向位移限差作为检核错误的依据及衡量精度的标准,在理论上是错误的,不恰当的,应该予以纠正。并对实际工作中的测量成果检核问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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针对水准测量实习操作步骤烦琐,学生难以掌握的问题,本文研究开发了具有观测步骤指导和提示、录入数据正确性检核等功能的电子手簿。本手簿能够指导并提示学生按照水准测量规范进行观测、记录、计算和限差检核。与工程应用型电子手簿自动确定限差、自动进行计算不同,本电子手簿要求学生自主确定限差、自主进行计算,再手工录入手簿,由手簿自动检核录入值的正确性,给出错误提示信息,从而保证学生确实地掌握限差的概念和每一录入值的计算方法,加深对课堂知识的理解,提高水准测量实践教学质量。 相似文献
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应用图论理论,直接根据控制网平差的基于测站的网点信息和观测值文件,提出了最小独立闭合环自动生成的逐步回代法和附合导线自动生成的组合法,并编程予以实现。最后用实例验证了算法的正确性和用之进行观测值质量检核的有效性。 相似文献
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随着手持设备的广泛普及、通信技术的高速发展,社交媒体在突发事件中发挥着重要作用。当突发事件发生时,社交媒体数据不断产生,并携带大量的应急信息,其中包括不同的应急主题、时空分布等信息。本文设计并实现了基于社交媒体的突发事件应急信息系统,重点介绍基于社交媒体的应急信息挖掘技术,以及系统实现的功能。 相似文献
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畜禽废弃物集运车自动监控回报地理信息系统之开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究能藉由装置于畜禽废弃物集运车之重量感测系统（Weighing System，WS）及全球卫星定位系统（Global Positioning System，GPS），经由全球行动无线通讯系统（Global System for Mobile Communication，GSM）全天候将集运车上畜禽废弃物载重变化及其位置，实时传回监控中心之地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，Gis）与数据库服务器中，再利用网络地图服务器经因特网（Intemet）随时提供客户端上网浏览查询与监控集运车可能不当流用之行为。本系统着重以重量变化信息作为监控端参考的重要依据，再配合车辆定位信息以核对畜禽废弃物卸载地点与重量而掌控不当流用之明确证据。另考虑集运车司机可能利用下班时间进行违法行为，监控人员无法全天侯监控，本研究系统增加集运车于非上班时间发生异常状况时，以简讯（Short Message）及电子邮件（E-mail）型式传送至预设监控者手机或远程计算机内或在提供监控者于下班时间直接透过因特网浏览器监控之功能，以及藉由远程操控软件（Symantec PC Anywhere）透过远程计算机进入监控中心做不定时的查询监视。另外，本系统透过手持式输入设备，将清运司机所输入毙死畜禽数量信息传送到GSM／GPRS（General Packet Radio Service）模块，并发送回监控端，其监控人员可透过因特网浏览接口，了解集运车辆实时清运数量、重量与路线位置之关系，以确实达到集运车辆控管之目的。 相似文献
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北京地图网的建立是涉及北京市自然地理和社会经济信息资源的整合,综合运用WebGIS技术、数据库技术和网络技术进行的系统工程。该网站面向公众发布北京市基础地理数据成果,提供多种形式的基于位置的服务。本文主要从网站建设的总体设计、地图数据库建设、系统开发和关键技术等方面进行了介绍。 相似文献
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针对公众参与的兴趣点数据在有效性的处理或评判中的不足,文章以最为常见的LBS签到数据为研究目标,以兴趣点与地图上普通点要素的区别为出发点,从公众的地理空间认知和兴趣点的空间特性两方面分析影响兴趣点数据有效性的因素,由此建立有效性度量模型,最后对实验区签到数据进行了有效性计算。实验结果表明,该模型可剔除原始数据中的大量无效数据,为以公众参与方式收集的兴趣点数据的有效性提供了切实可行的评判方法。 相似文献
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研究城市雨洪风险问题，对提高城市洪涝灾害监测、预报的准确性，以及促进城市防洪决策制定具有重要的意义。鉴于高精度的城市三维模型可以提供丰富地理信息，便于准确分析淹没情况，本文针对当前城市洪涝模型对地形数据的高敏感性，且雨洪风险评估研究的准确性受限于地形数据精度的问题，提出利用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术重建高精度实景三维模型，并结合GIS的空间分析功能，以淹没深度为关键指标进行研究区的雨洪风险评估。通过提取不同重现期下研究区的淹没深度信息，进行可视化渲染实现三维淹没分析，可以直观地看到研究区的淹没情况，作为暴雨内涝风险管理依据，同时对城市规划布局有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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我国城镇化在持续高速发展数十年后,城市系统慢慢形成了规模庞大的老旧社区。老旧社区总体智慧化水平较低,与居民智慧便捷的生活需求相矛盾。因此亟须一些合理的方案提升老旧社区的智慧化水平,从而更好地服务于社区居民,进一步推动城市的智慧化建设与发展。本文以广州市三眼井社区为例,介绍了老旧社区智慧化改造的关键技术,如CIM、5G、云计算、人工智能技术等,提出了切实可行的老旧社区改造建设方案,包括社区服务、智慧安防、智能基础设施、公共信息安全、智能居家养老等,为智慧城市建设中的老旧社区智慧化改造提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
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J. Kamini Satish C. Jayanthi V. Raghavswamy 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2006,34(4):385-396
The process of urbanization has induced rapid changes in the land use leading to many infrastructural and environmental problems,
one of them being the frequent flooding during rains in major cities across the world. Present paper analyses the spatio-temporal
variations in the urban land use of the Mithi river catchment in Mumbai and its effect on the river, its drainage and flooding
events in catchment area, specifically in conjunction with the July 26, 2005 flood event in Mumbai City. Multi sensor satellite
data and GIS techniques have been used to generate land use/land cover at three different points of time and study variations
in the Mithi river course, thus correlating the land use/cover changes vis-a-vis the hydrographic and meteorologic information
for the Mithi river catchment. Results point to the adverse human-induced influences on the Mithi river and its catchment.
Almost 50% reduction in river width and 70% decrease in mudlfats and open spaces have been observed. There is also a clear
rise in builtup from 29% to 70% between 1966 and 2005, thus increasing the impervious surface which in turn increases run-off
during major rainfall, eventually flooding the city. 相似文献
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GIS Methodology for Characterizing Historical Conditions of the Willamette River Flood Plain, Oregon
Doug R Oetter Linda R Ashkenas Stanley V Gregory Paula J Minear 《Transactions in GIS》2004,8(3):367-383
Recent environmental developments have stimulated an interest in conservation and restoration of the historical Willamette River flood plain, both to protect against flooding and to provide wildlife habitat. In order to best utilize scarce resources, we characterized historical and modern river channel and flood‐plain conditions to evaluate changes and help prioritize restoration sites. Using cartographic and photographic data sources, we developed a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map active channels, side channels, islands and tributaries for four separate dates, as well as riparian and flood‐plain vegetation characteristics for pre‐European settlement and modern time periods. Coverages based on flood records and other boundaries were used to partition the flood plain into spatial subsets for analysis. The GIS allowed comparisons between historical and present conditions for a variety of environmental factors. Much of the pre‐settlement channel complexity has been removed. Total channel length in 1995 was 26% less than in 1850, with almost 58% of the river's side channels disconnected from the system. In addition, we found a 72% loss of flood‐plain forest from 1850 to 1995, since it was converted to agricultural and urban land uses. Selected river and flood‐plain variables were made available for a spatial model to prioritize potential locations for flood‐plain restoration. 相似文献
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城市管理体量不断增大且管理对象关联繁多，已经成为影响城市可持续发展的重要问题。在全国智慧城市建设的大背景下，引用新技术提升城市精细化管理水平可以使城市的各管理单元协同、精确、及时地交换信息，形成智慧城市管理的配套方案，让有限的管理资源发挥出最大的使用效能，实现城市管理的最优化目标，促进经济的可持续发展。本文提出了地理信息系统、GPS、遥感、RFID等空间数据融合的技术方案，强调在空间信息和移动信息管理的基础上通过工作流和过程化管理，提高城市精细化管理的综合水平，为实现民众参与监督城市管理和智慧城市建设提供参考。 相似文献
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龚强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(1)
目前,我国正处于城市人口剧增的城镇化加速发展时期,同时,也面对交通堵塞、环境污染、能源紧缺等来自各方面的挑战。那么,如何破解城市发展所带来的诸多难题,实现城市可持续发展呢?建设智慧城市已成为当今世界城市发展不可逆转的历史潮流。目前,我国已有154个城市提出建设智慧城市。然而,在智慧城市建设过程中出现了值得重视的问题,即一些城市对基础地理数据、空间信息以及基础地理信息共享平台的建设认识不明确,重视不够。搭建地理信息共享平台是智慧城市建设的基础,是城市转型发展、生态文明建设、新型城镇化和治理现代化的需求,是推进“互联网+”行动和促进电子政务协调发展等方面的要求。因此,必须按照先进性、现势性、完备性、实用性等原则搭建地理信息共享平台。 相似文献
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M. Coulibaly 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):217-234
The geographical distribution of a flash flood's occurrence could be an important consideration in assessing its severity and social impacts. In this study, the spatial distribution of survey responses is analysed with respect to features such as the stream network (natural water path), the drainage network, buildings, and catchments. This provides information on both flash flood distribution causes in an urban setting and residents' perceptions of the hazard that would otherwise not be revealed. The study demonstrated the possibility of taking into account people's experience in detecting the location of potential flash flood hazards. It also illustrates the usefulness of GIS-supported spatial analysis of survey results in identifying factors that increase the occurrence of urban flash floods. 相似文献
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Mapping floods due to Hurricane Sandy using NPP VIIRS and ATMS data and geotagged Flickr imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donglian Sun Sanmei Li Wei Zheng Arie Croitoru Anthony Stefanidis Mitchell Goldberg 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(5):427-441
In this study, we present an approach to estimate the extent of large-scale coastal floods caused by Hurricane Sandy using passive optical and microwave remote sensing data. The approach estimates the water fraction from coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS data through mixed-pixel linear decomposition. Based on the water fraction difference, using the physical characteristics of water inundation in a basin, the flood map derived from the coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS measurements was extrapolated to a higher spatial resolution of 30 m using topographic information. It is found that flood map derived from VIIRS shows less inundated area than the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood map and the ground observations. The bias was mainly caused by the time difference in observations. This is because VIIRS can only detect flood under clear conditions, while we can only find some clear-sky data around the New York area on 4 November 2012, when most flooding water already receded. Meanwhile, microwave measurements can penetrate through clouds and sense surface water bodies under clear-or-cloudy conditions. We therefore developed a new method to derive flood maps from passive microwave ATMS observations. To evaluate the flood mapping method, the corresponding ground observations and the FEMA storm surge flooding (SSF) products are used. The results show there was good agreement between our ATMS and the FEMA SSF flood areas, with a correlation of 0.95. Furthermore, we compared our results to geotagged Flickr contributions reporting flooding, and found that 95% of these Flickr reports were distributed within the ATMS-derived flood area, supporting the argument that such crowd-generated content can be valuable for remote sensing operations. Overall, the methodology presented in this paper was able to produce high-quality and high-resolution flood maps over large-scale coastal areas. 相似文献
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传统的园林管理存在数据信息多、测量手法多,无法实时在线监测等问题,针对园林管理过程中存在的这些问题,提出了智慧园林的解决方案。并根据设计理念,对各个子模块的功能进行设计和实现,给出实现方式。结合空间信息集成技术、可视化技术、物联网、GIS等信息技术构建园林资源信息的动态监测、数据时空分析、多维分析、在线服务平台。给园林绿化规划、虫害分析预报、养护管理、名树古木保护等提供科学管理依据,建立了较为完备的监测管理与实时动态分析系统。 相似文献