共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Intercomparison of deep convective cloud fractions from passive infrared and microwave radiance measurements 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The common method to detect deep convective clouds is from satellite infrared (IR) measurements, which is based on thresholds of cloud-top temperatures. However, thick cirrus clouds with high cloud tops are difficult to screen out using IR methods, resulting in an overestimation of deep convective cloud fractions. Two aircraft cases with simultaneous Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer, Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor, and ER-2 Doppler radar measurements during the Convection and Moisture Experiment 3 in August 1998 are analyzed to investigate the influence of high thick cirrus clouds on two previously developed IR methods. In contrast, a microwave method based on the brightness temperature differences between the three water vapor channels around 183.3 GHz of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) (183.3/spl plusmn/1,183.3/spl plusmn/3, and 183.3/spl plusmn/7 GHz) can screen out high thick cirrus clouds efficiently. The tropical deep convective cloud fractions (30/spl deg/S-30/spl deg/N) estimated by the IR methods and the AMSU-B method are compared. Although their geographical distributions are in well agreement with each other, the total fractions detected by the IR methods are about 2-3.5 times greater than that detected by the AMSU-B method. Moreover, the overestimation of deep convective cloud fractions by the IR method (11-/spl mu/m brightness temperature less than 215 K) can result in a displacement in the detected location of the deep convective clouds. The average thick cirrus clouds cover 2.5 times the area of the deep convective clouds that generates them. 相似文献
2.
Segmentation of mobile laser point clouds of urban scenes into objects is an important step for post-processing (e.g., interpretation) of point clouds. Point clouds of urban scenes contain numerous objects with significant size variability, complex and incomplete structures, and holes or variable point densities, raising great challenges for the segmentation of mobile laser point clouds. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a shape-based segmentation method. The proposed method first calculates the optimal neighborhood size of each point to derive the geometric features associated with it, and then classifies the point clouds according to geometric features using support vector machines (SVMs). Second, a set of rules are defined to segment the classified point clouds, and a similarity criterion for segments is proposed to overcome over-segmentation. Finally, the segmentation output is merged based on topological connectivity into a meaningful geometrical abstraction. The proposed method has been tested on point clouds of two urban scenes obtained by different mobile laser scanners. The results show that the proposed method segments large-scale mobile laser point clouds with good accuracy and computationally effective time cost, and that it segments pole-like objects particularly well. 相似文献
3.
Accurate 3D road information is important for applications such as road maintenance and virtual 3D modeling. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is an efficient technique for capturing dense point clouds that can be used to construct detailed road models for large areas. This paper presents a method for extracting and delineating roads from large-scale MLS point clouds. The proposed method partitions MLS point clouds into a set of consecutive “scanning lines”, which each consists of a road cross section. A moving window operator is used to filter out non-ground points line by line, and curb points are detected based on curb patterns. The detected curb points are tracked and refined so that they are both globally consistent and locally similar. To evaluate the validity of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using two types of street-scene point clouds captured by Optech’s Lynx Mobile Mapper System. The completeness, correctness, and quality of the extracted roads are over 94.42%, 91.13%, and 91.3%, respectively, which proves the proposed method is a promising solution for extracting 3D roads from MLS point clouds. 相似文献
4.
云类识别是实现卫星云图自动分析的基础,针对卫星云图易受噪声干扰且不同云系往往相互交叠的特点,构造一种面向云类识别的自适应模糊支持向量机。该方法不仅改进了隶属度函数的表现形式,而且通过定义控制临界隶属度和隶属度衰减趋势的参数,使隶属度能根据不同云系样本的具体分布特性自适应调整,解决了传统模糊支持向量机的隶属度函数难以反映样本分布的问题。在MTSAT卫星云图上的实验结果表明,通过提取云图可见光通道的反照率、红外通道的亮温及三种亮温差作为云图的光谱特征,并结合统计纹理特征,所构造的自适应模糊支持向量机分类器能有效区分晴空区、低云、中云、高云及直展云;云类识别准确率优于标准支持向量机和传统模糊支持向量机,且具有更强的稳定性和自适应性。 相似文献
5.
6.
迭代最近点算法（ICP）是一种用于点云精确配准的经典算法。针对多幅点云进行ICP配准存在耗时多、效率低的问题,本文利用消息传递接口MPI对多幅点云进行分批并行配准。首先并行求解相邻两幅点云的相邻变换矩阵,然后计算每幅点云在当前批次的局部变换矩阵,最后获得每幅点云的全局变换矩阵。本文以DELL PowerEdge R730服务器为计算平台,对空间点总规模达四千多万的65幅点云进行了分批并行配准。试验结果表明：利用MPI对多幅点云进行分批处理可显著加快配准速度,最优进程数为计算机的核数时,加速比为5.3。 相似文献
7.
与混合像元的地表温度相比,植被和土壤的组分温度具有更明确的物理意义。因此,本文提出了一种从具有广泛应用的极轨卫星地表温度产品中分离出植被和土壤组分温度的算法。该算法使用温度日变化模型作为桥梁连接极轨卫星一日内的两次观测,利用多像元数据进行模型求解,从而得到过境时刻的地表植被和土壤组分温度。论文针对MODIS数据开展了地表组分温度的反演,并利用实测站点数据和高分辨率卫星数据对反演结果进行了验证。结果表明,该算法可以提供合理的植被和土壤组分温度信息,反演温度的误差变化范围为1.4 K到2.5 K。此外,对观测时刻组合方式的分析表明该算法只需要一次白天观测和一次夜晚观测就可以得到精度较好的分离结果,并且两次观测可以来自于不同传感器,进一步表明了算法具有良好的可操作性。 相似文献
8.
9.
Liliana Perez Trisalyn Nelson Nicholas C. Coops Fabio Fontana C. Ronnie Drever 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(7):676-696
Climate drives ecosystem processes and impacts biodiversity. Biodiversity patterns over large areas, such as Canada's boreal, can be monitored using indirect indicators derived from remotely sensed imagery. In this paper, we characterized the historical space–time relationships between climate and a suite of indirect indicators of biodiversity, known as the Dynamic Habitat Index (DHI) to identify where climate variability is co-occurring with changes in biodiversity indicators. We represented biodiversity using three indirect indicators generated from 1987 to 2007 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer images. By quantifying and clustering temporal variability in climate data, we defined eight homogeneous climate variability zones, where we then analyzed the DHI. Results identified unique areas of change in climate, such as the Hudson Plains, that explain significant variations in DHI. Past variability in temperatures and growing season index had a strong influence on observed vegetation productivity and seasonality changes throughout Canada's boreal. Variation in precipitation, for most of the area, was not associated with DHI changes. The methodology presented here enables assessment of spatial–temporal relationships between biodiversity and climate variability and characterizes distinctive zones of variation that may be used for prioritization and planning to ensure long-term biodiversity conservation in Canada. 相似文献
10.
车载激光点云道路边界提取的Snake方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对车载激光点云中道路边界提取困难,自动化程度低的问题,提出一种基于离散点Snake的车载激光点云道路边界提取方法。不同于传统基于图像建立Snake,本文直接基于离散点建立Snake模型。先利用伪轨迹点数据,确定初始轮廓位置,参数化不同类型的道路边界初始轮廓;然后基于离散点构建适合多类型道路边界的Snake模型,定义模型内部、外部和约束能量,通过能量函数最小化推动轮廓曲线移动到显著道路边界特征点处,实现不同道路边界的精细提取。本文试验采用3份不同城市场景的车载激光点云数据验证本文方法的有效性,道路边界提取结果的准确率达到97.62%,召回率达到98.04%,F1-Measure值达到97.83%以上,且提取的道路边界结果与软件交互提取的结果有较好的吻合度。试验结果表明,本文方法能够修正噪声、断裂等数据质量对道路边界提取的影响,能够实现各类复杂城市环境中不同形状道路边界的提取,具有较强的稳健性和适用性。 相似文献
11.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(5):735-754
Many environmental factors, such as stratospheric ozone, aerosols, and clouds, may affect ultraviolet (UV) irradiance. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association between ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and total cloud amount, ozone, and aerosols simultaneously, leading to the assessment of possible impacts of climate change on UVB flux variations in the continental United States (U.S.). Spatiotemporal correlation analyses were conducted, based on data collected from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), with a geographic information system (GIS). Findings indicate that in the past 22 years, while ozone decreased and aerosols increased across the U.S., the UVB decrease in the northern states was consistent with an increase in aerosols and total cloud amount. Therefore, to some extent, the trend characteristics of UVB over the U.S. between 1980 and 2002 were simultaneously affected by such dominant factors as total ozone and by such auxiliary factors as aerosol and total cloud amount. Climate change impact resulting in higher total cloud amount in the northern states might result in lower UVB in the future. 相似文献
12.
风云三号D星(FY-3D)微波成像仪采用10.65 GHz、18.7 GHz、23.8 GHz、36.5 GHz和89.0 GHz双极化通道对地表辐射信息进行测量,定标精度会直接影响遥感数据的准确性。影响定标精度的主要因素之一是成像仪系统的非线性特征,用物理参数-非线性系数表示。所以准确计算非线性系数是地面热真空定标试验的主要目的之一,在95-298 K范围内设置不同变温源温度点,每一个温度点对应一个非线性系数,这些非线性系数的平均值即是系统最终的非线性系数值。受系统原理和试验条件的限制,计算平均值时需要确定变温源温度的有效范围,目前使用的范围确定方法是设计师首先依据经验提出几组可能的温度范围,然后对比每个范围的定标结果,选出最优的温度范围。显然,这种方法很容易受到人为因素的影响,而且由于不具备遍历所有温度范围的试验条件,无法确定每个变温源温度点的有效性。为了准确获得非线性系数值,首先通过分析热真空定标试验数据证明非线性系数与场景亮温无关,然后提出了一种优化计算方法,采用t准则确定有效范围得到非线性系数值。对比优化前后两种方法的结果表明,新方法的非线性亮温拟合残差的平均值和标准差值以及非线性亮温的最大拟合值都减小了。由此可见,新方法在计算非线性系数时可以获得更准确的变温源温度范围,可以优化非线性亮温的拟合效果,并且将定标精度提高0.04 K,优化效果在10 GHz接收机以及环境温度较高时尤为明显。 相似文献
13.
Airborne measurements of ocean skin temperature T/sub s/ are presented from the Coupled Boundary Layers, Air-Sea Transfer in Low Winds (CBLAST-Low) Pilot Experiment in August 2001 off Martha's Vineyard, MA. We used an infrared (IR) camera with a spatial resolution of 1 m or less and temperature resolution of roughly 0.02/spl deg/C. Using subframe sampling of the IR imagery, we achieve lower noise and higher spatial resolution than reported by previous investigators using IR radiometers. Fine-scale maps of T/sub s/ exhibit horizontal variability over spatial scales ranging from O(10 km) down to O(1 m) that are related to atmospheric and subsurface phenomena under low to moderate wind conditions. Based on supporting measurements of wind and waves, we identify coherent ramp-like structures in T/sub s/ with stratification breakdown and meandering streaky features with internal waves. Regional maps of T/sub s/ show the standard deviation for the region is /spl plusmn/1.04/spl deg/C, while the meridional and zonal variability is 0.23/spl deg/C /spl middot/ km/sup -1/ and 0.27/spl deg/C /spl middot/ km/sup -1/, respectively. This temperature variability results in meridional and zonal scalar heat flux variability of 7.0 W /spl middot/ m/sup -2/ /spl middot/ km/sup -1/ and 7.6 W /spl middot/ m/sup -2/ /spl middot/ km/sup -1/, respectively. Our results demonstrate the potential for airborne IR imagery accompanied by high-quality ocean data to identify T/sub s/ features produced by subsurface circulation. 相似文献
14.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):231-241
This paper presents the results of a study of the seasonal and interannual variability of Aral Sea sea surface temperature (SST) during the contemporary period (1982-2000) using sea-surface-temperature data obtained from NOAA satellites. A comparison was made between present-day temperature conditions in the sea and observations for 1950-1980, as well as with known predictions of its change due to a sea level reduction. Special aspects of temperature conditions in three Aral Sea (northern, western, and central) regions are examined separately. 相似文献
15.
基于先进的微波扫描辐射计AMSR-E/2观测的辐射值,利用-维变分算法(1D-Var)反演各类水成物(云水、雨水和云冰)的垂直廓线,并对其反演结果进行检验。以2014年8月台风"夏浪"为例,分两步对变分反演的云微物理参数进行了检验。首先,将反演的各类水成物含量补充到辐射传输模式的输入场,观测算子模拟的AMSR-2各通道亮温与实况观测相比非常接近,可以很好地模拟出台风外形、强度及螺旋结构。其次,将反演的水成物廓线与载在Cloud Sat上的云雷达CPR同时段观测的雷达反射率因子进行对比,发现反演出的云水、雨水含量大值区与毫米波云雷达观测的雷达反射率因子高值区一一对应,进一步说明1D-Var反演的水成物参数精度很高。然而,由于星载AMSR-E/2观测通道少且空间分辨率低,对尺度较小、较薄的云不敏感,同时对云层较厚的密闭云区和多层云区反演能力也有限。 相似文献
16.
Gang Hong Heygster G. Jungang Miao Kunzi K. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2005,2(1):40-44
The effects of cloud structures on microwave radiances at frequencies from 89-190 GHz are investigated by simulations using the Goddard cumulus ensemble model data as input for a radiative transfer model. It was found that the brightness temperatures at these frequencies have different sensitivities to clouds with a tilted structure. The different sensitivities to altitude and amount of hydrometeors allow the estimation of the canting angle and tilt direction of tilted clouds using brightness temperatures at the water vapor channels at 183.3 /spl plusmn/ 1 and 183.3 /spl plusmn/ 7 GHz. The estimated canting angle and tilt direction are in agreement with the model situation. This method provides a potential to estimate tilted convective structures from microwave radiometric observations at 183.3 /spl plusmn/ 1 and 183.3 /spl plusmn/ 7 GHz. It is applied to a tilted storm observed from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's ER-2 aircraft flying at about 20 km on August 26, 1998 during the third Convection and Moisture Experiment using the observed downlooking brightness temperatures at the water vapor channels of a Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer. The estimated results are in good agreement with the realistic storm situation obtained from the simultaneous observations of the ER-2 Doppler radar. This method also provides information about the vertical displacement of cloud structure and thereby to estimate the accurate location of surface rainfall. This is important when validating precipitation retrieval based on observations of the ice scattering above surface rainfall against surface rain observations using the microwave frequencies sensitive to high altitudes. 相似文献
17.
Three-dimensional (3D) data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and, more recently, digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) have been successfully used to model forest attributes. While multi-temporal, wall-to-wall ALS data is not usually available, aerial imagery is regularly acquired in many regions. Thus, the combination of ALS and DAP data provide a sufficient temporal resolution to properly monitor forests. However, field data is needed to fit new forest attribute models for each 3D data acquisition, which is not always affordable. In this study, we examined whether transferability of growing stock volume (GSV) models may provide an improvement in the efficiency of forest inventories updating. We used two available ALS datasets acquired with different characteristics in 2009 and 2010, respectively, generated two DAP point clouds from imagery collected in 2010 and 2017, and utilized field data from two ground surveys conducted in 2009 and 2016-2017. We first analyzed the stability of point cloud derived metrics. Then, Support Vector Regression models based on the most stable metrics were fitted to assess model transferability by applying them to other datasets in four different cases: (1) ALS-ALS, (2) DAP-DAP temporal, (3) ALS-DAP and (4) ALS-DAP temporal. Some metrics were found to be enough stable in each case, so they could be used interchangeably between datasets. The application of models to other datasets resulted in unbiased predictions with relative root mean square error differences ranging from -8.27% to 14.59%. Results demonstrated that 3D-based GSV models may be transferable between point clouds of the same type as well as point clouds acquired using different technologies such as ALS and DAP, suggesting that DAP data may be used as a cost-efficient source of information for updating ALS-assisted forest inventories. 相似文献
18.
本文通过对2000年—2013年长时间序列的MODIS气溶胶产品进行统计,分析了珠三角地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和细粒子光学厚度(FAOD)的空间分布特征以及年度和季节变化特点,有助于深入研究珠三角地区颗粒物污染水平变化及颗粒物的排放与输送等。研究结果显示珠三角地区中部为AOD高值区,东西两翼地区为AOD低值区。AOD和FAOD的最高值通常分别出现在春季和秋季,最低值则通常都出现在冬季。2006年之后,珠三角地区大气气溶胶总消光虽在部分年份仍有反弹上升的现象出现,但已有明显降低。然而,该地区细粒子消光在2000年—2012年期间则呈逐年增加的趋势,且其空间差异性也越加显著,细颗粒物污染仍需进一步控制。 相似文献
19.
Studies of the impact of human activity on vegetation dynamics of the Sahelian belt of Africa have been recently re-invigorated by new scientific findings that highlighted the primary role of climate in the drought crises of the 1970s–1980s. Time series of satellite observations revealed a re-greening of the Sahelian belt that indicates no noteworthy human effect on vegetation dynamics at sub continental scale from the 1980s to late 1990s. However, several regional/local crises related to natural resources occurred in the last decades despite the re-greening thus underlying that more detailed studies are needed. In this study we used time-series (1998–2010) of SPOT–VGT NDVI and FEWS–RFE rainfall estimates to analyse vegetation – rainfall correlation and to map areas of local environmental anomalies where significant vegetation variations (increase/decrease) are not fully explained by seasonal changes of rainfall. Some of these anomalous zones (hot spots) were further analysed with higher resolution images Landsat TM/ETM+ to evaluate the reliability of the identified anomalous behaviour and to provide an interpretation of some example hot spots. The frequency distribution of the hot spots among the land cover classes of the GlobCover map shows that increase in vegetation greenness is mainly located in the more humid southern part and close to inland water bodies where it is likely to be related to the expansion/intensification of irrigated agricultural activities. On the contrary, a decrease in vegetation greenness occurs mainly in the northern part (12°–15°N) in correspondence with herbaceous vegetation covers where pastoral and cropping practices are often critical due to low and very unpredictable rainfall. The results of this study show that even if a general positive re-greening due to increased rainfall is evident for the entire Sahel, some local anomalous hot spots exist and can be explained by human factors such as population growth whose level reaches the ecosystem carrying capacity as well as population displacement leading to vegetation recovery. 相似文献
20.
9711号台风及伴生暴雨的卫星云图特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
711号台风是近年来影响我国的一个强度和范围最大的台风。台风登陆时,正值天文大潮期,因而引起风暴潮,使得浙江、上海、江苏等沿海海堤坝损坏严重。台风登陆后,台风中心途经5个省,致使七省一市出现暴雨,山东及辽宁两省出现区域性大暴雨天气。直接经济损失达250亿元。本文按卫星云图上显示的9711号台风云系演变特征,将9711号台风活动过程分为四个阶段,即发展加强阶段、登陆阶段、台风外围云系与北方冷锋云系合并阶段及台风云系向温带气旋云系演变阶段。最后讨论了台风暴雨的时空分布与不同阶段台风云系的关系。 相似文献