共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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“天津地区风暴潮灾害预估系统的建立”是国家测绘局测绘科技发展基金项目,由中国测绘科学研究院承担,国家海洋环境预报中心参加。研究工作于１９９６年１月启动,１９９７年６月完成。由强烈大气扰动引起风暴潮的灾害,是当今最为严重的海洋灾害之一,它对沿海地区人民... 相似文献
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以厦门市为例,基于地理国情普查数据,采用风暴潮灾害静态情景模拟及指标体系法,实现了基于格网的厦门市风暴潮灾害产业风险评估。通过分析厦门市台风风暴潮灾害产业综合风险及风险评价,为地理国情普查数据在灾害风险评估中的研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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针对黄河上游龙羊峡至积石峡段滑坡灾害分布易发性评价与区划成图问题,该文以ArcGIS为平台,联系评价区的实际特点,选取地貌类型、地层岩性、降雨、断层、坡度为评价因子,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定各评价因子的权重,建立研究区滑坡易发性评价模型,结合GIS的空间分析功能实现研究区内滑坡灾害的易发性区划。结果表明,滑坡灾害主要集中在龙羊峡库区右岸和群科-尖扎盆地。区划结果与野外实际调查基本吻合,为今后GIS应用于地质灾害区划提供了思路,同时可为区内地质单位进行灾害监测提供基础数据和依据。 相似文献
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针对具体台风对地区灾害风险影响的快速应急的特点,运用Shapiro台风风场模型,结合GIS技术,以201319号“天兔”台风为例,实现了台风的数值模拟、该台风具体时刻的影响区域的可视化及对广东省的灾害风等级区划,以期为应急部门的防灾减灾工作提供科学的参考依据. 相似文献
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沿海地区地表覆盖信息是全国地理国情普查的重要内容,遥感影像分类技术为沿海地区地表覆盖信息提供了一种重要方法。本文基于GF-1高分辨率遥感影像,建立了沿海地区地表覆盖分类系统,采用中国测绘科学研究院自主研发的面向对象GLC决策树分类方法和软件进行了地表覆盖分类。通过对某试验区进行分类试验,并结合该区地表覆盖标准分类图进行精度评价,验证了基于高分辨率影像,面向对象GLC决策树分类方法在沿海地区地表覆盖信息提取上的有效性及优越性,其总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为87.201 8%、0.840 6,均高于SVM分类法。最后提出基于高分辨率遥感影像的沿海地区地表覆盖信息提取流程。 相似文献
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《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(7)
近十年来,漳州市沿海地区频繁发生地面沉降、塌陷等灾害,造成了巨大的经济损失和安全隐患,同时还会引发海水入侵以及土地盐碱化等环境问题。因此,快速及时监测沿海地区地表沉降信息对于保护沿海地区的安全具有重要意义。合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(InSAR)具有大范围、高精度以及高空间分辨率等优势,逐渐成为地表沉降监测的有效手段。为此本文利用2007年7月至2011年3月的34景ALOS1SBAS-InSAR技术获取了漳州沿海地区的平均沉降速率和累积形变量,并结合地质信息对研究区域的形变特征进行解译。结果表明,古雷半岛的古雷石化基地、漳江三角洲地区以及杜浔镇和沙西镇的南部地区在该时间段/a;此外,该地区地表形变机制主要与石化产业园地下水开采、液化储气设施建设以及地区软土层分布有关。本文的研究结果对漳州以及沿海地区的地质灾害防治与预测具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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分别基于Pearson-III、Gumbel和Weibull概率分布利用越南沿海从北部到南部的9个代表验潮站的年最高水位观测数据序列计算出各站的10年、20年、50年、100年、200年一遇极高水位。结果表明Pearson-III和Weibull分布推算的结果更相近,比Gumbel分布推算的结果有差距,但差距较小。将三种方法计算的各站结果取平均作为最终结果更合理的。通过对各站的极值水位和各站观测水位资料进行拟合分析,结果表明越南北部的极值距平值比中部和南部地区的极值距平值大,可达3米,极值距平最大值集中在越南北部沿海地区的潮站,因此,在防洪的角度来看越南北部极易发生洪水、风暴潮灾害,中部和南部极值距平也可达2米可发生较小的洪水和风暴潮 相似文献
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基于GPS重力位水准原理,研究利用重力位差实现广东沿海地区跨海高程基准传递的可行性及其精度。利用湛江市GPS/水准数据进行有关实验研究,结果表明,利用重力位差进行跨海高程传递,在实验区域高程传递中误差小于6 cm,满足广东沿海地区跨海高程基准传递的精度要求。 相似文献
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《江苏沿海开发影像地图册》由江苏省测绘局编制完成。该图册围绕江苏省沿海地区发展战略,以测绘部门现有最新的基础地理信息数据和遥感影像为基础,综合《江苏沿海地区发展规划》和相关部门提供的专题资料,整合沿海地区自然、地理、社会、经济和规划等信息编制而成。 相似文献
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利用多模多频GNSS-IR信号反演沿海台风风暴潮 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
台风风暴潮每年给沿海城市造成了极大的损失,近年来利用GNSS反射信号的地基遥感方法可以用于潮位监测,称为GNSS-IR（global navigation satellite system-interferometric reflectometry）,对风暴潮期间验潮站资料进行补充。由于风暴潮发生时间短且破坏性强,单系统GPS的时间分辨率难以满足海洋灾害的监测需求。本文基于中国香港站（HKQT）和巴哈马群岛站（BHMA）的多模多频GNSS卫星观测数据反演了3次沿海风暴潮事件。先对多模多频数据的质量进行分析,随后分别对2019年飓风“多里安”、2018年台风“山竹”和2017年台风“天鸽”引起的3次风暴潮,利用基于滑动窗口的最小二乘法对多模多频GNSS-IR反演结果进行改正并与验潮站实测值对比分析。试验结果表明,利用多模多频GNSS-IR反演“多里安”风暴潮的精度优于14 cm,反演“天鸽”和“山竹”风暴潮的精度优于9 cm。相比GPS单系统,多模多频GNSS-IR能够提高监测的精度和时间分辨率,有效提取风暴潮中异常潮位的涨潮、峰值和落潮的全过程,对海洋灾害的研究监测发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque Stuart Phinn Chris Roelfsema Iraphne Childs 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(3):246-263
Tropical cyclones and their devastating impacts are of great concern to coastal communities globally. An appropriate approach integrating climate change scenarios at local scales is essential for producing detailed risk models to support cyclone mitigation measures. This study developed a simple cyclone risk-modelling approach under present and future climate change scenarios using geospatial techniques at local scales, and tested using a case study in Sarankhola Upazila from coastal Bangladesh. Linear storm-surge models were developed up to 100-year return periods. A local sea level rise scenario of 0.34?m for the year 2050 was integrated with surge models to assess the climate change impact. The resultant storm-surge models were used in the risk-modelling procedures. The developed risk models successfully identified the spatial extent and levels of risk that match with actual extent and levels within an acceptable limit of deviation. The result showed that cyclone risk areas increased with the increase of return period. The study also revealed that climate change scenario intensified the cyclone risk area by 5–10% in every return period. The findings indicate this approach has the potential to model cyclone risk in other similar coastal environments for developing mitigation plans and strategies. 相似文献
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将GIS技术引入洪涝灾害风险评估，可以弥补传统方法评估结果空间化显示不足的缺点。本文针对浙江省洪涝灾害的发生特点，从危险性和易损性两方面选择了浙江省洪涝灾害的影响因素，包括降雨量、地形、河网密度、人口密度和耕地百分比等因子。运用GIS空间分析技术对各因子进行空间化，结合层次分析法（AHP）确定各影响因素的权重，进行浙江省洪涝灾害风险评估和制图，并基于SuperMap iObjects平台设计与开发了浙江省洪涝灾害风险评估系统。研究结果表明：浙江省发生洪涝灾害的风险普遍偏高，高风险区域位于浙北和浙东南的沿海地带，较高风险区域位于浙东、浙南和浙北地区及金衢盆地中间地区，中等风险区位于浙南的西面、浙北及浙西地区。本文分析结果可为浙江省洪涝灾害预防和管理提供决策依据。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):488-515
Abstract Digital Agriculture is one of the important applications of Digital Earth. As the global climate changes and food security becomes an increasingly important issue, agriculture drought comes to the focus of attention. China is a typical monsoon climate country as well as an agricultural country with the world's largest population. The East Asian monsoon has had a tremendous impact upon agricultural production. Therefore, a maize drought disaster risk assessment, in line with the requirements of sustainable development of agriculture, is important for ensuring drought disaster reduction and food security. Meteorology, soil, land use, and agro-meteorological observation information of the research area were collected, and based on the concept framework of ‘hazard-inducing factors assessment (hazard)-vulnerability assessment of hazard-affected body (vulnerability curve)-risk assessment (risk),’ importing crop model EPIC (Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator), using crop model simulation and digital mapping techniques, quantitative assessment of spatio-temporal distribution of maize drought in China was done. The results showed that: in terms of 2, 5, 10, and 20 year return periods, the overall maize drought risk decreased gradually from northwest to southeast in the maize planting areas. With the 20 year return period, high risk value regions (drought loss rate ≥0.5) concentrate in the irrigated maize region of Northwest china, ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Northern China, Hetao Irrigation Area, and north-central area of North China Plain, accounting for 6.41% of the total maize area. These results can provide a scientific basis for the government's decision-making in risk management and drought disaster prevention in China. 相似文献
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Cyclone is one of the major coastal hazards affecting the Indian coastline bringing floods and widespread damage due to rain, storm surges and heavy winds. Hence, coastal risk assessment is essential to identify the threats to the land and population, from cyclones. The risk assessment has been carried out in northern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, for the stretch from Kattivakkam to Kovalam. Risk is the probability of expected losses from a given hazard and it varies according to the vulnerability of the region. The risk assessment has been structured in four components, namely, Environmental Vulnerability, Social Vulnerability, Hazard Potential and Mitigation Capacity. The thematic layers and hazard maps are created using Satellite data and Geographic Information System. Coastal risk indices are generated for each component of risk using Analytic Hierarchy Process. Based on the index value, the level of risk is mapped and the results help in faster and appropriate decision making. 相似文献
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9711号台风及伴生暴雨的卫星云图特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
711号台风是近年来影响我国的一个强度和范围最大的台风。台风登陆时,正值天文大潮期,因而引起风暴潮,使得浙江、上海、江苏等沿海海堤坝损坏严重。台风登陆后,台风中心途经5个省,致使七省一市出现暴雨,山东及辽宁两省出现区域性大暴雨天气。直接经济损失达250亿元。本文按卫星云图上显示的9711号台风云系演变特征,将9711号台风活动过程分为四个阶段,即发展加强阶段、登陆阶段、台风外围云系与北方冷锋云系合并阶段及台风云系向温带气旋云系演变阶段。最后讨论了台风暴雨的时空分布与不同阶段台风云系的关系。 相似文献
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中国是农业灾害发生频繁且灾情严重的国家之一。农业保险已成为农民灾后恢复生产和灾区重建的重要资金来源,风险保障和经济补偿作用日益凸显。但是,农业保险面临着信息不对称和经营成本高等问题。而利用3S等空间信息技术,可将保险标的空间化,建立承保标的空间数据库,为承保和理赔工作提供空间数据和分析管理支持,实现＂按图承保＂和＂按图理赔＂,以空间信息技术支持的农业保险创新应用促进了农业保险模式的转变,从而有效地解决农业保险存在的信息不对称和经营成本高等问题,充分发挥农业保险支农惠农的社会管理职能,提升农业保险的风险管理水平,以更好地服务＂三农＂。 相似文献
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Mapping floods due to Hurricane Sandy using NPP VIIRS and ATMS data and geotagged Flickr imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donglian Sun Sanmei Li Wei Zheng Arie Croitoru Anthony Stefanidis Mitchell Goldberg 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(5):427-441
In this study, we present an approach to estimate the extent of large-scale coastal floods caused by Hurricane Sandy using passive optical and microwave remote sensing data. The approach estimates the water fraction from coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS data through mixed-pixel linear decomposition. Based on the water fraction difference, using the physical characteristics of water inundation in a basin, the flood map derived from the coarse-resolution VIIRS and ATMS measurements was extrapolated to a higher spatial resolution of 30 m using topographic information. It is found that flood map derived from VIIRS shows less inundated area than the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood map and the ground observations. The bias was mainly caused by the time difference in observations. This is because VIIRS can only detect flood under clear conditions, while we can only find some clear-sky data around the New York area on 4 November 2012, when most flooding water already receded. Meanwhile, microwave measurements can penetrate through clouds and sense surface water bodies under clear-or-cloudy conditions. We therefore developed a new method to derive flood maps from passive microwave ATMS observations. To evaluate the flood mapping method, the corresponding ground observations and the FEMA storm surge flooding (SSF) products are used. The results show there was good agreement between our ATMS and the FEMA SSF flood areas, with a correlation of 0.95. Furthermore, we compared our results to geotagged Flickr contributions reporting flooding, and found that 95% of these Flickr reports were distributed within the ATMS-derived flood area, supporting the argument that such crowd-generated content can be valuable for remote sensing operations. Overall, the methodology presented in this paper was able to produce high-quality and high-resolution flood maps over large-scale coastal areas. 相似文献
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胡良柏 《测绘与空间地理信息》2022,45(1):30-32,39
滑坡灾害是天水盆地最严重的地质灾害.本文基于已有的灾害数据,利用GIS叠加分析的结果作为滑坡灾害点的属性特征,与灾害点的核密度分析结果建立关联规则,找出高风险滑坡区域与相关属性特征的关联关系.结果表明:天水盆地的滑坡灾害与降水条件、地层岩性以及地形坡度有较强的关联关系. 相似文献