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1.
陈林  张鹏  吴荣华  胡秀清  张璐 《遥感学报》2018,22(2):211-219
月球的光度具有纪年级的稳定性,其辐照度可作为可见—近红外光谱辐射基准,基于此的月球辐射定标方法有望成为辐射定标的新方法之一。本文介绍一种利用月球目标作为稳定辐射定标源,结合月球辐照度模型,跟踪风云二号静止气象卫星遥感仪器可见光通道辐射响应变化的方法。通过轨道预报遴选出风云二号E星(FY-2E)的扫描辐射计2010年1月—2014年10月的对月观测数据,经过月球图像提取和筛选、月球照度模型计算、卫星观测月球照度模型计算、星—月—日距离校正等环节处理后,获取了FY-2E扫描辐射计可见光通道的辐射响应变化,并且与深对流云辐射定标方法进行了对比验证。主要结果:(1)利用月球辐射作为基准可有效监测遥感仪器可见光通道的辐射响应变化情况,通过线性回归分析发现FY-2E可见光通道的辐射响应总衰减率是9.2%,年衰减率为1.96%,95%置信区间的不确定度和稳定性指标分别为±0.79%和2.66,其结果与基于深对流云目标监测的仪器辐射响应结果相近;(2)FY-2E可见光通道较低的量化等级(6 bit)、杂散光影响等因素对利用月球进行辐射响应定标和跟踪监测有一定的影响;(3)FY-2E辐射响应除了衰减趋势,还存在周期性震荡的特点。基于月球目标的辐射定标方法能够有效监测卫星的辐射响应衰减,可作为星载遥感仪器辐射响应定标和检验的一种可靠手段,特别是针对卫星全生命周期的历史数据再定标,从而提高辐射定标精度。  相似文献   

2.
张璐  张鹏  胡秀清  陈林  王阳  王威 《遥感学报》2017,21(6):864-870
月球是除太阳外对地张角最大的天体,反射率稳定性为10–8每年,适合用于遥感卫星的辐射定标、夜间地基大气遥感和夜间卫星遥感,但月球辐射照度模型的精度束缚了上述应用的发展。为检验现有ROLO(RObotic Lunar Observatory)和MT2009(Miller-Turner 2009)地基整盘月球辐射照度模型的精度,国家卫星气象中心于2015年底至2016年初在云南丽江组织了3个月的地基对月观测,使用高光谱月球成像光谱仪获取了399.00—1060.00 nm连续光谱的月球辐射照度。基于整盘月球辐射照度模型,利用丽江地基对月观测试验资料,对比模型与模型、模型与丽江地基观测月球辐射照度。结果表明:(1)MT2009与ROLO模型在短波红外谱段的差异明显大于可见光谱段;(2)地基观测高光谱月球辐射照度结果与ROLO模型更接近,但是可见光波段比ROLO模型辐射照度平均小5.86%左右。为探究差异产生的主要来源,对结果还进行了进一步的分析和讨论,以期为今后月球辐射模型的改进和夜间微光遥感研究提供经验和依据。  相似文献   

3.
Ocean colour sensors traditionally are of fixed spectral channel systems with specified bandwidth of about 20 nm in the visible region and about 40 nm in Near Infrared region. In these systems, it is known that a radiometric error of 1% in the measurement of top of the atmosphere signal may lead to an error of 10% in the retrieved ocean upwelling radiance. In this paper we investigated the range of wavelengths participating in signal collection (effective spectral pass band, ESPB) using relative spectral response data of various sensors flown earlier. ESPB values were computed for each spectral channel for various percentages of signal and the results showed that they are quite high compared to bandwidths specified. These values were found to vary with sensor and channel. ESPB shall be small for accurate computation of spectral radiance. As the knowledge of spectral profile of the signal in the range of ESPB helps in better estimation of spectral radiance at the intended wavelengths, a miniature high performance linear variable filter based hyperspectral sensor is proposed as an alternative. We present here the design concept and report the estimated performance of such sensor that can be realized even with commercial off the shelf components for operational implementation.  相似文献   

4.
高磊 《北京测绘》2020,(5):593-595
传感器波段平均太阳辐照度是计算表观反射率等辐射参量的必要参数,是开展定量遥感分析的重要基础。通过中国气象局发布的零大气条件下太阳光谱辐照度数据和遥感数据运营商提供的珠海一号高光谱传感器光谱响应函数资料,计算了珠海一号三颗高光谱卫星上三组传感器的波段平均太阳辐照度。以中国资源卫星应用中心发布的高分一号资料为参考,确定结果具有较高的准确度,可为珠海一号高光谱数据的推广和使用提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
Mapping of oceanic productive zones through an optical sensor on board a satellite requires a detailed knowledge about the interaction of solar flux with the atmosphere and water column. Hence the radiative transfer on February 14, 2002 over estuaries of Goa has been examined through a couple radiative transfer model (CRTM). This has been carried out in the context of an optical sensor when it looks down at nadir. The forcing of extraterrestrial solar irradiance with atmosphere results in its absorption and scattering due to aerosol particles and gaseous constituents and rayleigh particles. The optical spectrum has been subjected to atmospheric forcing and radiation has been calculated for every 1 nm. Special reference is given to two wavelengths (443 and 510 nm), which are important for ocean optics. The atmospheric components pertaining to these wavelengths are 0.04193 w/m2/nm/sr and 0.0225 w/m2/nm/sr (rayleigh) and 0.0121 w/m2/nm/sr and 0.015 w/m2/nm/sr (aerosol). Within the optical frame work (400 –700 nm), the effect of aerosol overrides that of rayleigh from 545 nm onwards. The specular reflectance at the sea surface contributes 1.725 x l0-12 w/m2/nm/sr and 1.947x 10-12 w/m2/nm/sr while the respective signature from water column is 0.418x 10-3w/m2/nm/sr and 0.536x 10-3 w/m2/nm/sr. The simulated water signature has been compared with radiances measured by a radiometer (Satlantic radiometer). The correlation (R2) is found to be around 0.97. The sensitivity analysis further reveals the respective wavelengths of the optical spectrum affected by atmospheric and oceanic constituents. Moreover, the effect of change in solar zenith angle on water signature has also been carried out. This could be applied to invert satellite data so as to retrieve coastal water constituents and productivity.  相似文献   

6.
基于月球反射的遥感器定标跟踪监测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
月亮辐照度是可见近红外波段一种稳定的辐射参考基准,对月观测已成为星载遥感仪器辐射定标和验证的一种新方法。风云三号03星(FY-3C)中分辨率光谱成像仪(Moderate Resolution Spectral Imager,MERSI)增加了对月观测功能,改进了太阳反射波段的在轨辐射定标。本文收集分析了MERSI在轨工作以来的全部11组对月观测数据,利用通道间辐照度比值方法移除月相角,日—月—星相对距离等因素对月亮辐照度观测值的影响,开展了可见光近红外波段的辐射定标工作,实现了MERSI太阳反射通道的辐射定标系数动态跟踪和评估。通过线性回归及统计发现,通道8辐射响应的年衰减率达到了14.55%,通道9达到了8.42%,通道1、6、10、11、16和19的年衰减率为1.15%—4.72%,其余通道未检测到衰减。研究结果可以用于订正MERSI数据的辐射定标系统性偏差,提高MERSI全寿命期的辐射定标精度。  相似文献   

7.
Space-borne ocean-colour remote sensor-detected radiance is heavily contaminated by solar radiation backscattered by the atmospheric air molecules and aerosols. Hence, the first step in ocean-colour data processing is the removal of this atmospheric contribution from the sensor-detected radiance to enable detection of optically active oceanic constituents e.g. chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment etc. In standard atmospheric correction procedure for OCEANSAT-1 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) data, NIR bands centered at 765 and 865 nm wavelengths were used for aerosol characterization. Due to high absorption by water molecules, ocean surface in these two wavelengths acts as dark background, therefore, sensor detected radiance can be assumed to have major contribution from atmospheric scattering. For coastal turbid waters this assumption of dark surface fails due to the presence of highly scattering sediments which causes sufficient water-leaving radiance in NIR bands and lead to over-estimation of aerosol radiance resulting in negative water leaving radiance for λ < 700 nm. In the present study, for the turbid coastal waters in the northern Bay of Bengal, the concept of spatial homogeneity of aerosol and water leaving reflectance has been applied to perform atmospheric correction of OCAEANSAT-1 OCM data. The results of the turbid water atmospheric correction have also been validated using in-situ measured water-leaving radiance. Comparison of satellite derived water-leaving radiance for five coastal stations with in-situ measured radiance spectra, indicates an improvement over the standard atmospheric correction algorithm giving physically realistic and positive values. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the in-situ measured and satellite derived water leaving radiance for wavelengths 412 nm, 443 nm, 490 nm, 512 nm and 555 nm was found to be 1.11, 0.718, 0.575, 0.611 and 0.651%, respectively, using standard atmospheric correction procedure. By the use of spatial homogeneity concept, this error was reduced to 0.125, 0.173, 0.176, 0.225, and 0.290 and the correlation coefficient arrived at 0.945, which is an improvement over the standard atmospheric correction procedure.  相似文献   

8.
利用青海湖水面场FY-1C气象卫星热红外窗区通道进行绝对辐射定标,由CE312野外热红外辐射计在水面测得辐亮度经大气订正传递到卫星入瞳处,考虑到大气吸收削弱影响,同时卫星观测路径大气产生热发散,这两部分对卫星信号的贡献由探空廓线和卫星观测几何输入MODTRAN37计算出来,同时进行CE312野外辐射计与卫星通道光谱响应匹配计算,最终得到卫星入瞳处的表观亮度.这个辐亮度与卫星通道的计数值比较得到该通道绝对定标系数.结果表明利用辐射校正场辐射定标与星上定标相差5%左右,相当于3K的亮温差.  相似文献   

9.
中国空间辐射测量基准技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为确保数据的定量化应用，国际航天遥感大国始终围绕定标技术开展研究，定标精度不断提高。在经历数十年发展之后，受传统的遥感载荷定标系统设计以及地面辐射校正技术理论极限的制约，目前遥感卫星辐射定标停留在太阳反射谱段2%，红外谱段0.2 K的不确定性水平，其精度难以继续提高。进入21世纪，气候变化问题成为全球关注的热点，全球气候变化研究对遥感卫星辐射测量精度提出了前所未有的要求。ASIC3（Achieving Satellite Instrument Calibration for Climate Change）报告指出，为了有效检测全球气候变化信号，准确预测气候变化，遥感卫星观测必须长期保持在太阳反射谱段0.3%、红外谱段0.1 K，太阳总辐射0.01%的不确定性水平。为了迎接这一挑战，欧洲和美国相继提出了CLARREO计划和TRUTHS计划，试图通过发射具有超高辐射测量精度的基准卫星，在监测气候变化信号的同时，标定其他遥感卫星，提升全球遥感卫星整体定标精度。同期，中国也提出了空间辐射测量基准技术的概念，并在“十二五”和“十三五”，通过国家高技术研究发展计划和国家重点研发计划持续支持星上相变固定点黑体、空间低温辐射计等尖端技术的研发，进而逐渐形成发射空间辐射测量基准卫星的路线图。从目前发展态势上看，中国有可能成为第一个建立空间辐射测量基准的国家，率先实现卫星平台辐射观测直接向国际单位（SI）的溯源。  相似文献   

10.
介绍另一种在轨卫星传感器绝对辐射定标——辐照度基法定标,并利用敦煌辐射校正场对FY-1C卫星可见近红外通道进行定标。通常的反射率基法定标,表观反射率计算的一个重要误差来源是对气溶胶散射的近似计算。辐照度基法定标采用实际测量的漫射与总辐射比来代替辐射传输计算的气溶胶散射。利用该方法对FY-1C卫星的5次定标结果表明,大部分日期辐照度基法和反射率基法定标结果非常吻合,肯定了辐照度基法的正确性,但在气溶胶含量较大时,辐照度基法提高定标精度的优点显现出来,能够减少辐射传输模式对气溶胶散射计算带来的误差,提高最终的绝对辐射定标精度。  相似文献   

11.
With the longest archive of satellite remote sensing images, the Landsat series of satellites have demonstrated their great potential in aquatic environmental studies. However, although various atmospheric correction (AC) methods have been developed for Landsat observations in water color applications, a comprehensive assessment of their accuracies across different AC methods and instruments has yet to be performed. Using in situ spectral data collected by Aerosol Robotic Network-Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) sites, the performances of five types of AC methods over three different Landsat missions (i.e., Landsat 5/7/8) were evaluated. The Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) showed more accurate AC retrievals than the other two instruments, and the results for its green and red bands appeared more reliable than those for the other wavelengths (uncertainty levels of ∼30 %). The iterative NIR algorithm with 2-bands (NIR-SWIR2) model selection embedded in SeaDAS showed the best performances for OLI in two blue bands. Moreover, larger residual errors were found for most Landsat 5/7 bands regardless of the AC methods and spectral bands employed with an uncertainty of >50 %. Interestingly, a simple aerosol subtraction method over the Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (Rrc) outperformed the exponential extrapolation (EXP) algorithms, especially for Landsat 5/7. Neither the image-based AC algorithm nor the surface reflectance (SR) products provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) showed acceptable performances over coastal environments. The uncertainties in the various Landsat reflectance products over water surfaces could be associated with a relatively poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in addition to radiometric calibration uncertainties, imperfect aerosol removal methods. Future research is required to collect in situ data across a wider range of water optical properties (particularly more turbid inland waters) to examine the corresponding applicability of Landsat-series observations.  相似文献   

12.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has successfully provided Earth image products for instruments on the Terra and Aqua satellites since 2000 and 2002, respectively. Maintaining accurate radiometric calibration and calibration consistency between two sensors is an important issue for continued quality of long-term data records, especially as the instruments operate beyond their original projected mission lifetime. A strategy to use frequent MODIS measurements of the brightness temperature of the land surface in the area surrounding Dome Concordia, Antarctica (75.1, 123.4 ) to track the long-term stability of MODIS Band 31 is presented. Dome Concordia, located on the Antarctic plateau, is one of the most homogeneous land surfaces on Earth in terms of surface temperature and emissivity, with a seasonal temperature range of 190-250 K. The extremely dry, cold, and rarefied atmosphere of the site makes it ideal to track and detect any long-term changes in the MODIS thermal band response through trend analyses of near-nadir MODIS overpass data in conjunction with surface temperature measurements. Application of this approach shows an average relative bias between Terra and Aqua MODIS Band 31 (11 ) measurements of 0.08 K, which is well within the calibration uncertainty.  相似文献   

13.
This paper present the results of a preliminary study to assess the potential of the visible, NIR and SWIR energy of the EMR in differentiating iron ores of different grades in a rapid manner using hyperspectral radiometry. Using different iron ore samples from Noamundi and Joda mines, Jharkhand and Orissa, states of India, certain spectro-radiometric measurements and geochemical analysis were carried out and the results have been presented. It was observed that the primary spectral characteristics of these iron ores lie in the 850 to 900 nm and 650–750 nm regions. The spectral parameters for each curve used for studying the iron ores are: (i) the slopes of the spectral curve in 685–725 nm region; (ii) position of the peak with respect to wavelength in 730–750 nm region and (iii) radius of curvature of the absorption trough in the 850–900 nm region. Comparison of these spectral parameters and the geochemistry of the samples indicates that the position of the peak of the curve in 730–750 nm region shifts towards longer wavelength with increasing iron oxide content, while the slope of the curvature in the 685–725 nm region has a strong negative correlation with the iron oxide content of the samples. Similarly, a strong negative correlation is observed between the radius of curvature of the 850–900 nm absorption trough and the iron oxide content. Such strong correlations indicate that hyperspectral radiometry in the visible and NIR regions can give a better estimate and quantification of the grades of iron ores. This study has demonstrated that generation of empirical models using hyperspectral radiometric techniques is helpful to quantify the grade of iron ores with limited geochemical analysis.  相似文献   

14.
A new facility designed to perform calibration measurements of airborne imaging spectrometers was established at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen. This Calibration Home Base (CHB) is optimized to characterize radiometrically, spectrally, and geometrically the APEX (Airborne Prism Experiment) imaging spectrometer, which is currently being developed under the authority of the European Space Agency (ESA). It however can be used for other optical sensors as well. Computer control of major laboratory equipment allows automation of time consuming measurements. In APEX configuration (wavelength range: 380 to 2500 nm, instantaneous field of view: 0.48 mrad, field of view: ±14) spectral measurements can be performed to a wavelength uncertainty of ±0.15 nm, geometric measurements at increments of 0.0017 mrad across track and 0.0076 mrad along track, and radiometric measurements to an uncertainty of ±3% relative to national standard. The CHB can be adapted to similar sensors (including those with thermal infrared detectors) by exchanging the monochromator’s lamp, the gratings and the filters, and by adjusting the distance between the sensor and folding mirror.  相似文献   

15.
叶绿素荧光的GOSAT卫星遥感反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
刘新杰  刘良云 《遥感学报》2013,17(6):1518-1532
由于大气吸收和散射等大气辐射传输影响,叶绿素荧光卫星遥感反演存在很大的困难和挑战。本文利用日本温室气体观测卫星GOSAT的TANSO-FTS超光谱数据,选取770 nm附近受大气影响较弱的KI夫琅和费暗线,借助KPNO2010高分辨率太阳辐照度光谱,设计了加权最小二乘拟合的叶绿素荧光卫星反演算法,利用矩阵的谱条件数确定了算法中KI吸收线所采用的权重系数,获得了中国区域2010年1月至2011年6月的叶绿素荧光数据。并利用TANSO-CAI云标识数据剔除了受云影响的反演结果,并按照2°×2°格网逐月计算了荧光强度均值。将反演叶绿素荧光强度结果与同期MODIS的增强性植被指数EVI、光合有效辐射比例FPAR、总初级生产力GPP产品作对比分析,结果表明：荧光强度高值主要分布在中国西南、中南等植被覆盖度高、生长旺盛的地区,荧光强度季节性变化规律与EVI、FPAR、GPP等相似,但季节变化比上述各参数变化提前且更敏感,可以反映其他参数所不具备的独特信息。  相似文献   

16.
A field experiment was conducted on wheat crop during rabi seasons of 1995–96, 1996–97 and 1997–98 to study the spectral response of wheat crop (between 490 to 1080 nm) under water and nutrient stress condition. An indigenously developed ground truth radiometer having narrow band in visible and near infrared region (490 – 1080 nm) was used. Vegetation indices derived using different band combinations and related to crop growth parameters. The near infrared spectral region of 710 – 1025 nm was found most important for monitoring stress condition. Relationship has been developed between crop growth parameters and vegetation indices. Leaf Area Index (LAI) and chlorophyll could be predicted by knowing different reflectance ratios at milking stage of crop with R2 value of 0.78 and 0.89, respectively. Dry biomass (DBM), Plant Water Content (PWC) and grain yield are also significantly related with reflectance ratios at flowering stage of crop with R2 value of 0.90, 0.98 and 0.74, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
In the present study, The Landsat 7 ETM satellite data was collected for the Sittampundi anorthosites complex and digital image analysis was carried out. The anorthositic rocks available at Sittampundi complex is considered as an equivalent of lunar highland rocks. Hence, a remote sensing study comprises of image analysis and spectral profile analysis was carried out. The satellite data was digitally processed and generated various outputs like band combinations, color composites, stretched outputs, and PCA. The suitable processed outputs were identified for delineating the anorthosite complex. The diagnostic absorption features of reflectance spectra are the sensitive indicators of mineralogy and chemical composition of rocks, which are interest to the planetary scientists. The spectral profile of Landsat ETM plotted for pure and mixed anorthosite pixels and compared with the field and lab reflectance spectra. The percentages of image spectra vary from 30% to 60% for Sittampundi anorthosite. The spectral bands 2, 4 and 6 have low reflectance and bands 3 and 5 have high reflectance. The spectral range of bands 2,3,4,5 and 6 are 525 nm–605 nm, 630 nm–690 nm, 750 nm–900 nm, 1550 nm–1750 nm and 10400 nm–12500 nm respectively. The field spectral curve has weak absorptions at 650 nm and 1000 nm due to the iron transition absorption and low ca- pyroxene respectively available in the anorthosite, matching with the image spectra. However, hyperspectal image with narrow bandwidth could be more useful in selecting the suitable spectrum for remotely mapping the anorthosite region, as equivalent test site for lunar highland region.  相似文献   

18.
The remote sensing community in geology is widely using the Multispectral Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data which has a wider choice of spectral bands (six between 0.45 and 2.35 μm, plus a thermal infrared channel 10.4-12.5 urn). These were evaluated for low-grade magnetite ores mapping over the high-grade granulite region of Kanjamalai area of Tamil Nadu state, India. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy data (0.4-4.0 μm) for powders of the magnetite ores exposed with granulite rock and published spectral reflectance data were used as guides in selecting TM band reflectance ratios, which maximize discrimination of magnetite ores on the basis of their respective mineralogies. The study shows that the weathering mineralogy of magnetite ores causes absorption features in their reflectance spectra which are particularly characteristic of the near infrared. Comparison of TM data with field and petrographic observations shows the presence of magnetite and aluminosilicate minerals & show strong absorption at 0.7-1 μ.m wavelength spectral region & increase in the product of two TM band ratios: band 5 (1.55-1.75 μm) to band 4 (0.76-0.9 μm) and band 3 (0.63-0.69 μm) to band 4 (0.76-0.9 μm). Various computer image enhancement and data extraction techniques such as interactive digital image classification techniques using color compositing stretched ratio, maximum likelihood and thresholding statistical approaches using Landsat TM data are used to map the low-grade magnetite ores of the granulite region. The field traverses and local verification enhanced to map the other rock types namely granulites and gneisses of the study area.  相似文献   

19.
徐涵秋 《遥感学报》2016,20(2):229-235
Landsat系列卫星上的TIRS热红外传感器数据已被大量应用,针对TIRS数据的地表温度反演也相继开发出一些算法,并有一些研究对TIRS数据的定标及其地表温度反演算法的精度进行了对比。本文主要就TIRS热红外传感器定标参数的变化,结合这些定标参数变化的时间点对有关地表温度反演算法的适用性和有效性进行分析,特别是对劈窗算法是否适合当前的TIRS数据进行了讨论,以使用户能够对Landsat 8 TIRS热红外数据的正确使用有进一步的认识。总的看来,由于视域外杂散光的影响,TIRS数据的定标精度仍达不到设计目标,TIRS第11波段的不确定性仍成倍大于TIRS 10波段。因此,在Landsat团队未彻底解决这一问题之前,同时用TIRS第10、第11这两个差距较大的波段构成的劈窗算法来反演地表温度,其精度存在较大的不确定性,US6-S团队仍在致力于改进第11波段的精度,改进后的波段可以用劈窗策法。目前应以TIRS第10单波段的方式来反演地表温度为宜。  相似文献   

20.
This is the second paper of the series on the influence of the atmospheric water vapour (WV) on IRS NIR measurements. In the first paper (Pandya et al. 2011) a simulation study was presented where through the radiative transfer calculations it was shown that the variation of 0 to 6 g/cm2 in the WV hampered the IRS NIR reflectance up to 14%. In that study splitting of IRS NIR (0.770–0.860 μm) into two bands, such as NIR1 (0.775–0.805 μm) and NIR2 (0.845–0.875 μm) was also proposed, which facilitated a considerable improvement in NIR reflectance as well as in NDVI. Objective of the present paper is to validate the findings of simulation study with the use of EO1-Hyperion data. An improvement of the order of 7% in the top-of-atmosphere reflectance over vegetation target was obtained from the satellite data analysis, which is in good agreement to that of simulation results (3.7 to 7.9%) for the continental WV conditions of 1 to 3 g/cm2. This is also true for NDVI values, which illustrated a good agreement between the satellite observations (2.5%) and simulation results (2 to 4.6%) for the magnitude of improvement. Findings of the present study are preliminary in the nature but it provides a basis for enhanced NIR observations for future IRS sensors.  相似文献   

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