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获取高精度DEM是分布式水文模型开发和应用的基础,而最新发布的全球高分辨率SRTM数据在很大程度上解决了高分辨率DEM数据获取相对困难的问题,对于水文学研究具有重要意义。由于利用雷达技术获取地面高程数据技术本身的限制,SRTM原始DEM数据中存在着很多问题。本文以雪野水库区域为例,利用ASTER数据通过分析两种数据高程差异的分布特点对SRTM高程数据无效区域进行了填充,计算结果表明该方法可以提高无效数据处理结果的精度,是一种有效的获取相对完整地形数据的方法。 相似文献
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主要介绍了数字正射影像图的生产方法,结合高分辨率遥感卫星影像利用RPC模型进行正射纠正,针对某一区域调整所使用的DEM的高程值和DEM格网间距,根据已有的DLG数据对成果正射影像进行质量分析。 相似文献
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本文分析了DEM数据产品的误差源、内插算法的误差模型,简要介绍了目前DEM数据产品精度评定的指标与方法途径.通过介绍DEM引出了数字高程模型内插方法,比较了各种DEM内插方法,并且分析了模型精度. 相似文献
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利用等高线生成DEM方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
数字高程模型(DEM)是地理信息系统的一种基础数据。高质量数字高程模型的建立是DEM应用的重要前提。等高线地图作为生成DEM的重要而廉价的数据来源,具有十分重要的研究价值。介绍数字高程模型的概念、表示方法和主要表示模型等理论基础。论述了从等高线建立规则格网(Grid)和不规则三角网(TIN)的常用方法,对这些方法作了比较分析。就如何从等高线建立高质量DEM为目的,具体论述了从等高线的预处理、等高线的赋值、等高线的简化直到最后生成DEM整个过程的实现方法。 相似文献
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简要介绍了数字高程模型（DEM）,结合实际阐述了DEM的采集方法、误差来源、质检方法,以及如何通过上述过程,使数字高程模型达到更高的精度要求。 相似文献
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黄朝安 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(4):110-112
SRTM全球数字高程模型数据目前已被广泛应用于多个领域。最新版本的SRTM DEM仍然存在较小的高程空值区域（数据空洞）和模糊区域。文章在模拟某试验区域SRTM DEM数据空洞的基础上,利用线性插值、反距离权插值、二次多项式插值、三次样条插值等DEM插值方法进行了数据空洞的插值填补试验和对比分析,结果表明在丘陵地区和空... 相似文献
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Topographic corrections of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images over hilly regions are vital for retrieval of correct backscatter values associated with natural targets. The coarse resolution external digital elevation models (DEM) available for topographic corrections of high resolution SAR images often result into degradation of spatial resolution or improper estimation of backscatter values in SAR images. Also, many a times the external DEMs do not spatially co-register well with the SAR data. The present study showcases the methodology and results of topographic correction of ALOS-PALSAR image using high resolution DEM generated from the same data. High resolution DEMs of Jaipur region, India were generated using multiple pair SAR images acquired from ALOS-PALSAR using interferometric (InSAR) techniques. The DEMs were validated using differential global positioning system measured elevation values as ground control points and were compared with photogrammetric DEM (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer – ASTER) and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM. It was observed that ALOS-PALSAR images with optimum baseline parameters produced high resolution DEM with better height accuracy. Finally, the validated DEM was used for topographic correction of ALOS-PALSAR images of the same region and were found to produce better result as compared with ASTER and SRTM-DEM. 相似文献
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Digital elevation models (DEMs) are a necessary dataset for modelling the Earth’s surface; however, all DEMs contain error. Researchers can reduce this error using DEM fusion techniques since numerous DEMs can be available for a region. However, the use of a clustering algorithm in DEM fusion has not been previously reported. In this study a new DEM fusion algorithm based on a clustering approach that works on multiple DEMs to exploit consistency in the estimates as indicators of accuracy and precision is presented. The fusion approach includes slope and elevation thresholding, k-means clustering of the elevation estimates at each cell location, as well as filtering and smoothing of the fusion product. Corroboration of the input DEMs, and the products of each step of the fusion algorithm, with a higher accuracy reference DEM enabled a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of the DEM fusion algorithm. The main findings of the research were: the k-means clustering of the elevations reduced the precision which also impacted the overall accuracy of the estimates; the number of final cluster members and the standard deviation of elevations before clustering both had a strong relationship to the error in the k-means estimates. 相似文献
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Volunteered data sources are readily available due to advances in electronic communications technology. For example, smartphones provide tools to collect ground-based observations over broad areas from a diverse set of data collectors, including people with, and without, extensive training. In this study, volunteers used a smartphone application to collect ground-based observations. Forest structural components were then estimated over a broader area using high spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing imagery (5 spectral bands 440–850 nm, 5 m spatial resolution) and a digital elevation model following a three nearest neighbor approach (K-NN). Participants with professional forestry experience on average chose high-priority fuel load locations near buildings, while nonprofessional participants chose a broader range of conditions over a larger extent. When used together, the professional and nonprofessional observations provided a more complete assessment of forest conditions. A generalized framework is presented that utilizes K-NN imputation tools for estimating the distribution of forest fuels using remote sensing and topography variables, ensuring spatial representation, checking attribute accuracy, and evaluating predictor variables. Frameworks to integrate volunteered data from smartphone platforms with remote sensing may contribute toward more complete Earth observation for Digital Earth. 相似文献
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Xiaoping Du Huadong Guo Xiangtao Fan Junjie Zhu Zhenzhen Yan Qin Zhan 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(3):252-271
The frequency of coastal flood damages is expected to increase significantly during the twenty-first century as sea level rises in the coastal floodplain. Coastal digital elevation model (DEM) data describing coastal topography are essential for assessing future flood-related damages and understanding the impacts of sea-level rise. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) are currently the most accurate and freely available DEM data. However, an accuracy assessment specifically targeted at DEMs over low elevation coastal plains is lacking. The present study focuses on these areas to assess the vertical accuracy of SRTM and ASTER GDEM using Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite, Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (ICESat/GLAS) and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) field survey data. The findings show that DEM accuracy is much better than the mission specifications over coastal plains. In addition, optical remote sensing image analysis further reveals the relationship between DEM vertical accuracy and land cover in these areas. This study provides a systematic approach to assess the accuracy of DEMs in coastal zones, and the results highlight the limitations and potential of these DEMs in coastal applications. 相似文献
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Many of the processes involved in soil erosion have dimensions on the millimetre scale. Modelling and quantification of such processes require information on soil surface topography with adequate resolution. The purpose of this study was to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) from soil surfaces with high spatial and temporal resolution. Digital photogrammetry was applied for measuring erosion rates on complex-shaped soil surfaces under laboratory rainfall conditions. A total of 60 DEMs were generated, covering a planimetric area of 16 m2 . The DEMs had a grid resolution of 3 mm. A vertical precision of approximately 1 mm was desired for DEM analysis. A consumer-grade digital camera was used for image acquisition. The camera was calibrated using BLUH software. Homologous points in overlapping images were identified with least squares matching software. Irregularly spaced object coordinates were interpolated to a regular grid in a geographic information system. The resulting DEMs represented the soil surface well. A precision of 1·26 mm in the vertical was attained. The precision of DEM production was limited to camera calibration. Improvements of the setup presented could include the use of better control points and more advanced image matching strategies for identification of homologous points. The DEMs allowed for detailed analysis of soil surface evolution. 相似文献
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Igor V. Florinsky 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(6):1115-1129
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are commonly constructed using two main types of regular grids: plane square grids and spheroidal equal angular grids. Methods and algorithms intended for plane square‐gridded DEMs should not be directly applied to spheroidal equal angular DEMs. This is because these grids have fundamentally different geometry. However, some researchers continue to apply square‐grid algorithms to spheroidal equal angular DEMs. It seems appropriate to consider once again the specifity of morphometric treatment of spheroidal equal angular DEMs. This article, first, demonstrates possibilities of direct calculation of local, nonlocal, and combined morphometric variables from spheroidal equal angular DEMs exemplified by slope gradient, catchment area, and topographic index. Second, the article shows computational errors when algorithms for plane square‐gridded DEMs are unreasonably applied to spheroidal equal angular DEMs. The study is exemplified by two DEMs. A medium‐resolution DEM of a relatively small, high‐mountainous area (Mount Elbrus) was extracted from the SRTM1 DEM. A low‐resolution DEM of a vast region with the diverse topography (the central and western regions of Kenya) was extracted from the SRTM30_PLUS DEM. The results show that application of square‐grid methods to spheroidal equal angular DEMs leads to substantial computational errors in models of morphometric variables. 相似文献
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对月球探测任务、月球遥感制图技术与产品进行综述。从1958年开始,全世界已开展126次(其中70次成功)月球探测工程任务,其中月球遥感制图是其必需的基础性工作。由于月球环境的特殊性,其遥感制图技术与对地观测制图相比具有很大的挑战和更大的难度。目前,中国嫦娥二号轨道器获取的7 m分辨率立体影像是覆盖全月球分辨率最高的立体影像数据,美国月球侦察轨道器LRO任务的激光雷达高度计LOLA数据是精度和密度最高的激光测高数据,LRO NAC影像的分辨率最高(0.5—2 m)但未覆盖全球。在各个探测任务中,基于月球遥感数据和摄影测量技术,已经制作了大量的全球及区域的影像拼图、正射影像图和数字高程模型等制图产品。对月球遥感制图技术发展进行展望,探讨了利用国际多探测任务数据建立新一代控制网和进行精细制图的必要性及技术思路。 相似文献
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Fusion of high-resolution DEMs derived from COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X InSAR datasets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Voids caused by shadow, layover, and decorrelation usually occur in digital elevation models (DEMs) of mountainous areas that are derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) datasets. The presence of voids degrades the quality and usability of the DEMs. Thus, void removal is considered as an integral part of the DEM production using InSAR data. The fusion of multiple DEMs has been widely recognized as a promising way for the void removal. Because the vertical accuracy of multiple DEMs can be different, the selection of optimum weights becomes a key problem in the fusion and is studied in this article. As a showcase, two high-resolution InSAR DEMs near Mt. Qilian in northwest China are created and then merged. The two pairs of InSAR data were acquired by TerraSAR-X from an ascending orbit and COSMO-SkyMed from a descending orbit. A maximum likelihood fusion scheme with the weights optimally determined by the height of ambiguity and the variance of phase noise is adopted to syncretize the two DEMs in our study. The fused DEM has a fine spatial resolution of 10 m and depicts the landform of the study area well. The percentage of void cells in the fused DEM is only 0.13 %, while 6.9 and 5.7 % of the cells in the COSMO-SkyMed DEM and the TerraSAR-X DEM are originally voids. Using the ICESat/GLAS elevation data and the Chinese national DEM of scale 1:50,000 as references, we evaluate vertical accuracy levels of the fused DEM as well as the original InSAR DEMs. The results show that substantial improvements could be achieved by DEM fusion after atmospheric phase screen removal. The quality of fused DEM can even meet the high-resolution terrain information (HRTI) standard. 相似文献