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利用1980~2010年时间序列遥感影像,运用决策树法得到各期土地利用图,分析土地利用的时空变化特征和景观变化特征,结合主成分分析法探讨深圳市土地利用变化的驱动因子。结果显示,30 a来深圳市土地利用发生了巨大变化:城乡用地增加了55 077.24 hm2,增加265.19%;耕地面积减少33 949.17 hm2,减少73.93%。30 a间人类活动的干扰变大,使得土地利用类型斑块无序化,景观类型呈一元化发展趋势,景观格局愈来愈受单一斑块所控制,且土地利用变化受社会经济驱动力的影响逐步增强。 相似文献
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以景观生态学理论为研究基础,以高分辨率遥感影像等为数据源、利用RS和GIS技术,将梅州城市规划区的土地利用类型分为耕地、林地、草地、城镇用地及公路用地、湖泊水面、河流水面、裸地、滩涂等9类,并从景观的基本构成、景观水平的破碎化与多样性、不同景观斑块的空间格局特征等进行了研究分析;并提出对研究区合理规划土地开发利用的建议... 相似文献
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本文以河南省漯河市为例,以遥感解译的漯河市近40年来土地利用数据为基础,运用GIS叠置分析、土地利用转移矩阵等空间分析方法,结合景观格局指标,研究其改革开放以来土地利用及景观格局变化特征,为优化土地资源配置及科学的城市规划提供依据。结果表明:(1)1980年至2015年间漯河城镇用地面积呈显著增加趋势,扩张主要占用耕地;(2)林地和农村居民点用地总体呈增加趋势,2000年来其他建设用地面积迅速增加;(3)漯河市各景观类型总体呈平衡发展态势,耕地优势度有所下降,建设用地优势度不断上升;(4)人口增长与经济发展、交通条件改善及政府政策变动是影响漯河市土地利用变化和景观格局演变的主要因素。 相似文献
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近15年郑州市土地利用景观格局分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地利用及景观格局变化作为人类活动对自然环境影响的主要研究内容,是评价区域发展变化的重要指标。利用2004、2009和2014年3期Landsat遥感影像,以RS、GIS技术为基础,采用目视解译和计算机自动分类法进行郑州市土地利用分类,并结合ArcGIS10.2、Fragstas3.3软件对其进行景观格局研究。结果表明:1)2004—2014年郑州市建设用地扩张迅速,耕地逐年减少,水体变化不显著,林地先减少后增加;2)林地优势度下降,建设用地优势度逐年上升,耕地和水体优势度基本不变,各景观类型总体呈平衡发展态势;3)郑州市景观多样性指数逐年增加,景观多样性趋于平衡,景观格局逐步变好;4)景观斑块破碎化程度增加,各景观要素斑块形状逐渐复杂化。 相似文献
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秦皇岛市北戴河区土地利用景观格局变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2010年和2014年两期遥感影像为数据源,综合利用RS技术、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,对北戴河区2010~2014年的土地利用景观格局变化进行了分析。结果表明,北戴河区景观类型以建设用地、林地为主;2010~2014年建设用地面积增加,耕地、林地、草地、未利用地面积减少;2010~2014年北戴河区景观斑块数量和密度增加,平均斑块面积减小,景观破碎化程度有所增加,景观Shannon多样性指数和均匀度指数下降,异质性程度有所降低。 相似文献
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以临港新城1999年、2001年、2005年、2007年Landsat ETM+卫星遥感数据为基础,结合Erdas、GIS、Fragstats等软件,得到临港新城19992007年景观变化数据。应用景观指数分析法,对临港新城景观格局变化进行分析,得到其变化的特征和趋势。结果表明,19992007年景观变化数据。应用景观指数分析法,对临港新城景观格局变化进行分析,得到其变化的特征和趋势。结果表明,19992007年临港新城城镇用地面积由4.931 km2增加到106.889 km2,滩涂湿地的面积8 a间共减少了21.443 km2,减幅为93.916%,相应斑块数则分别增加了近6倍和减少了87.563%。这意味着土地利用形式越来越多样化,生境破碎化程度越来越高,反映了人为因素在临港新城景观变化中的主导作用。 相似文献
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基于龙岩市多时相Landsat TM/ETM+数据,应用最大似然、决策树及支持向量机分类方法对龙岩市景观类型进行分类.从3种分类方法的比较得知,支持向量机分类方法表现出较高的性能,分类精度明显高于其他的分类方法.因此选择最佳的支持向量机分类结果,并结合景观生态学方法,分析了1992-2008年龙岩市新罗区景观格局及其动态变化信息.结果表明,1992-2008年新罗区主城区农业用地大幅度降低,相应转化为建筑用地,但是却保持着良好的森林覆盖率.同时城市景观组分经历了由扩散式增长过程到粘合式集聚增长过程的转变,城市形态由不稳定形态逐步向稳定形态演化.整体上而言,城市景观呈现出破碎度变小、多样性降低和聚集度升高的发展趋势,建筑用地是龙岩市新罗区的主要景观类型. 相似文献
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基于遥感和GIS的城市景观格局演变与水文效应关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于多时相TM/ETM+遥感影像,运用支持向量机分类方法对合肥市景观进行分类,解译得到1995、1999、2003和2007年土地利用专题图;应用单窗算法解译得到地表亮温专题图。采用景观指数法分析了合肥市景观格局与城市水文效应间的关系。研究表明:城市水文要素与景观指数之间存在相关性,城市化水文特征明显;建筑用地有增加并集中趋势,不透水面积增加,年降水量增大;供水排水能力平稳增长,人均用水量相对减少,城市饮用水水源地水质偏差。调整城市景观格局,有利于优化城市水文状况。 相似文献
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This study investigates urbanization and its potential environmental consequences in Shanghai and Stockholm metropolitan areas over two decades. Changes in land use/land cover are estimated from support vector machine classifications of Landsat mosaics with grey-level co-occurrence matrix features. Landscape metrics are used to investigate changes in landscape composition and configuration and to draw preliminary conclusions about environmental impacts. Speed and magnitude of urbanization is calculated by urbanization indices and the resulting impacts on the environment are quantified by ecosystem services. Growth of urban areas and urban green spaces occurred at the expense of cropland in both regions. Alongside a decrease in natural land cover, urban areas increased by approximately 120% in Shanghai, nearly ten times as much as in Stockholm, where the most significant land cover change was a 12% urban expansion that mostly replaced agricultural areas. From the landscape metrics results, it appears that fragmentation in both study regions occurred mainly due to the growth of high density built-up areas in previously more natural/agricultural environments, while the expansion of low density built-up areas was for the most part in conjunction with pre-existing patches. Urban growth resulted in ecosystem service value losses of approximately 445 million US dollars in Shanghai, mostly due to the decrease in natural coastal wetlands while in Stockholm the value of ecosystem services changed very little. Total urban growth in Shanghai was 1768 km2 and 100 km2 in Stockholm. The developed methodology is considered a straight-forward low-cost globally applicable approach to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate urban growth patterns that could help to address spatial, economic and ecological questions in urban and regional planning. 相似文献
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Landscape patterns in a region have different sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements, which contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape and are linked to the distinct behavior of thermal environments. There is a lack of research generating landscape metrics from discretized percent impervious surface area data (ISA), which can be used as an indicator of urban spatial structure and level of development, and quantitatively characterizing the spatial patterns of landscapes and land surface temperatures (LST). In this study, linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is used to derive sub-pixel ISA. Continuous fractional cover thresholds are used to discretize percent ISA into different categories related to urban land cover patterns. Landscape metrics are calculated based on different ISA categories and used to quantify urban landscape patterns and LST configurations. The characteristics of LST and percent ISA are quantified by landscape metrics such as indices of patch density, aggregation, connectedness, shape and shape complexity. The urban thermal intensity is also analyzed based on percent ISA. The results indicate that landscape metrics are sensitive to the variation of pixel values of fractional ISA, and the integration of LST, LSMA. Landscape metrics provide a quantitative method for describing the spatial distribution and seasonal variation in urban thermal patterns in response to associated urban land cover patterns. 相似文献
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Simulation of landscape spatial layout evolution in rural-urban fringe areas: a case study of Ganjingzi District 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years, the rapid expansion of urban spaces has accelerated the mutual evolution of landscape types. Analyzing and simulating spatio-temporal dynamic features of urban landscape can help to reveal its driving mechanisms and facilitate reasonable planning of urban land resources. The purpose of this study was to design a hybrid cellular automata model to simulate dynamic change in urban landscapes. The model consists of four parts: a geospatial partition, a Markov chain (MC), a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN), and cellular automata (CA). This study employed multivariate land use data for the period 2000–2015 to conduct spatial clustering for the Ganjingzi District and to simulate landscape status evolution via a divisional composite cellular automaton model. During the period of 2000–2015, construction land and forest land areas in Ganjingzi District increased by 19.43% and 15.19%, respectively, whereas farmland, garden lands, and other land areas decreased by 43.42%, 52.14%, and 75.97%, respectively. Land use conversion potentials in different sub-regions show different characteristics in space. The overall land-change prediction accuracy for the subarea-composite model is 3% higher than that of the non-partitioned model, and misses are reduced by 3.1%. Therefore, by integrating geospatial zoning and the MLP-ANN hybrid method, the land type conversion rules of different zonings can be obtained, allowing for more effective simulations of future urban land use change. The hybrid cellular automata model developed here will provide a reference for urban planning and policy formulation. 相似文献
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黑河下游土地利用与景观格局时空特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于研究区1986年LandSat TM和2003年LandSat ETM 遥感影像资料,综合运用遥感与GIS技术手段,结合FRAGSTATS景观格局分析软件,就近17 a来黑河下游额济纳流域土地利用与景观格局变化进行了分析,并探讨了引起变化的驱动因素。结果表明:研究区草地、林地、水域及耕地面积减少,居民工矿建设用地和未利用土地面积显著增加;景观破碎化程度降低,多样性及异质性程度减小,稳定性降低;气候的暖干化趋势、黑河下泄水量的持续减少以及人类不合理的经济活动是黑河下游土地利用和景观格局变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the spatial heterogeneity of three landscapes along an altitudinal gradient and different human land use. The main aim was the identification of appropriate landscape indicators using different extents. ASTER image was used to create a land cover map consisting of three landscapes which differed in altitude and land use. A number of landscape metrics quantifying patch complexity, configuration, diversity and connectivity were derived from the thematic map at the landscape level. There were significant differences among the three landscapes regarding these four aspects of landscape heterogeneity. The analysis revealed a specific pattern of land use where lowlands are being increasingly utilized by humans (percentage of agricultural land = 65.84%) characterized by physical connectedness (high values of Patch Cohesion Index) and relatively simple geometries (low values of fractal dimension index). The landscape pattern of uplands was found to be highly diverse based upon the Shannon Diversity index. After selecting the scale (600 ha) where metrics values stabilized, it was shown that metrics were more correlated at the small scale of 60 ha. From the original 24 metrics, 14 individual metrics with high Spearman correlation coefficient and Variance Inflation Factor criterion were eliminated, leaving 10 representative metrics for subsequent analysis. Data reduction analysis showed that Patch Density, Area-Weighted Mean Fractal Dimension Index and Patch Cohesion Index are suitable to describe landscape patterns irrespective of the scale. A systematic screening of these metrics could enhance a deeper understanding of the results obtained by them and contribute to a sustainable landscape management of Mediterranean landscapes. 相似文献
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1975年—2018年白洋淀湿地变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白洋淀湿地生态功能重要、战略地位特殊，研究其时空变化规律具有重要意义。本文基于1975年—2018年间10期Landsat卫星遥感影像，辅以2017年—2018年高分二号（GF-2）卫星遥感影像，在野外考察湿地类型及其覆被特征基础上，人机交互解译获取各期土地利用/覆被分类图，从面积变化、类型转化、景观格局变化方面分析了近43年白洋淀湿地变化时空特征，讨论了影响分析结果的不确定性因素以及湿地变化成因。结果表明：1975年—2018年白洋淀湿地面积总体呈减少趋势，净变化-68.20 km2（-24.83%）。其中，1975年—1990年湿地面积波动性小、基本稳定，1990年—2011年湿地面积持续性减少，2011年—2018年湿地面积呈现增加趋势。湿地与非湿地类型相互转换区域主要分布于淀区南部、西部、北部的水体—水生植物—耕地—建设用地过渡区域。近43年白洋淀湿地景观趋于破碎、复杂和异质。遥感影像选取月份、年份，以及土地利用/覆被分类体系、分类方法，是影响分析结果的主要不确定性因素。气候、水文等自然因素变化，叠加工农业及城镇生活用水、上游水利工程蓄水、地下水开采等人为因素变化，是白洋淀湿地面积减少、趋于干化的成因。 相似文献
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Urban heat islands (UHIs) have attracted attention around the world because they profoundly affect biological diversity and human life. Assessing the effects of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs is essential to better understanding and improving the ecological consequences of urbanization. This paper presents the radius fractal dimension to quantify the spatial variation of different land use types around the hot centers. By integrating remote sensing images from the newly launched HJ-1B satellite system, vegetation indexes, landscape metrics and fractal dimension, the effects of land use patterns on the urban thermal environment in Wuhan were comprehensively explored. The vegetation indexes and landscape metrics of the HJ-1B and other remote sensing satellites were compared and analyzed to validate the performance of the HJ-1B. The results have showed that land surface temperature (LST) is negatively related to only positive normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) but to Fv across the entire range of values, which indicates that fractional vegetation (Fv) is an appropriate predictor of LST more than NDVI in forest areas. Furthermore, the mean LST is highly correlated with four class-based metrics and three landscape-based metrics, which suggests that the landscape composition and the spatial configuration both influence UHIs. All of them demonstrate that the HJ-1B satellite has a comparable capacity for UHI studies as other commonly used remote sensing satellites. The results of the fractal analysis show that the density of built-up areas sharply decreases from the hot centers to the edges of these areas, while the densities of water, forest and cropland increase. These relationships reveal that water, like forest and cropland, has a significant effect in mitigating UHIs in Wuhan due to its large spatial extent and homogeneous spatial distribution. These findings not only confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the HJ-1B satellite system for studying UHIs but also reveal the impacts of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs, which is helpful for improving the planning and management of the urban environment. 相似文献
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Changes in landscape composition and configuration patterns of Sancaktepe Municipal District in the Asian side of Istanbul Metropolitan City of Turkey were analysed using landscape metrics. Class-level and landscape-level metrics were calculated from the land cover/land use data using Patch Analyst, an extension in the Arc View GIS. The land cover/land use data were derived from classified satellite images of Landsat Thematic Mapper of 2002 and 2009 for Sancaktepe District. There was evidence of increase in agglomeration process of built-up patches as indicated by the increases in mean patch size, decrease in total edge and number of patches between 2002 and 2009. The urban expansion pattern experienced overall was not fragmented but concentrated due to infilling around existing patches. Changes in Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index and Area-Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension Index indicated that the physical shapes within built-up, forest and bareland areas were relatively complex and irregular. A conclusion is made in this study that spatial metrics are useful tools to describe the urban landscape composition and configuration in its various aspects and certain decisions whether to approve a specific development in urban planning could, for example, be based on some measures of urban growth form or pattern in terms of uniformity and irregularity, attributable to the dynamic processes of agglomeration and fragmentation of land cover/land use patches caused by urban expansion. 相似文献
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With increasing attention being paid to sustainable urban development and human habitation improvement, urban ecological land cover (UELC), i.e., surface water and green space, has played an important role of the highly compact inner urban regions. In this study, we developed an efficient approach for UELC mapping by coupling Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery and Google Earth high-resolution imagery. In contrast with the conventional single-source and multi-source imagery-based classification methods, the proposed method respectively achieved the highest overall accuracies of 91.50% and 94.05% in the UELC mapping for two test sites (i.e. Shanghai and Seoul). The proposed method is used for urban surface mapping among six world-class cities. For an in-depth analysis of the landscape structures for inner urban regions, seven landscape metrics are introduced for the quantification of the UELC structure based on the obtained high-precision UELC maps. The result shows that London appears to have the best UELC-induced ecological quality, that is, with high percentage of landscape, area-weighted mean fractal dimension, edge density, Shannon’s evenness index values and a low contagion index value, while Tokyo is exactly the opposite. Several common characteristics found through the statistical analysis are: 1) all the inner-city regions have small UELC coverage (< 50%) and low shape complexity; 2) green space generally contributes more to urban eco-environment than the urban surface water; and 3) all cities show high landscape consistency in the inner urban region. 相似文献