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卫星雷达测高仪以连续的观测方式对全球海洋进行测量，其轨道升降弧段交叉点构成了交叉点平差的基础。本文根据测高卫星运动的动力学模型，利用交叉点上的测高数据可以看作重复“观测”的特点，通过建立动力学交叉点平差模式，试图更好地消除或削弱轨道误差的影响，提高海面高变化的测定精度。 相似文献
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研究了机载InSAR高精度三维定位数学模型及区域网平差误差模型,分析了机载InSAR区域网平差参数、观测值及定权方法。利用自主研发的机载InSAR区域网平差软件系统完成了四川绵阳测区分辨率为0.5m的4条航带共76景影像约500km2的机载InSAR区域网平差实验,在大面积、稀少控制条件下满足1∶1万DEM、DOM定位精度要求。 相似文献
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基于TOPEX/Poseidon和Jason-1卫星高度计16 a原始轨道、6 a变轨轨道数据,利用同步观测期间测高数据计算中国南海海域的系统偏差,生成基于TOPEX/Poseidon高度计平均海面的统一潮高时间序列,按纬差0.1°间隔提取原始轨道2 184个正常点和变轨轨道1 626个正常点,分别对原始轨道、变轨轨道逐正常点进行调和分析及响应分析,各得到8个分潮（Q1、O1、P1、K1、N2、M2、S2和K2）调和常数。利用交叉点处升轨、降轨不符值评估潮汐参数的稳定性,结果表明,变轨轨道交叉点处误差相对较大,多分潮总体综合预报误差RSS值为7.28 cm。通过与全球海潮模型比较表明,该结果与海潮模型在中国南海开阔海域精度表现一致,在半封闭浅水海域差异较大;与验潮站结果进行比较发现,受中国南海复杂的潮波系统、与测高星下点距离等因素影响,中国南海北部海域RSS值较大,海潮模型结果在M2分潮单分潮预报中误差RMS值较大,为13.64 cm,其余分潮均在10 cm内。 相似文献
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机载双天线InSAR(interferometric synthetic aperture Radar)是获取高精度数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)的新技术。为了获取大面积高精度的DEM,在已有的应用机载InSAR数据生成DEM流程的基础上,引入精确干涉参数定标和区域网平差处理技术,提出了利用国产机载双天线InSAR数据生成丘陵地区大面积、高精度DEM的技术流程,主要包括干涉定标、干涉处理、区域网平差、相高转换、地理编码和影像镶嵌;基于VC++开发了InSAR地形制图处理系统。以四川江油试验区4个条带、76景高分辨率机载InSAR数据为基础进行试验研究,生成了覆盖超过500 km2的高精度DEM。利用野外布设的角反射器检查点进行精度检验的结果是点位中误差为±1.188 m,高程中误差为±0.508 m。该结果表明:应用上述技术流程生成的DEM能满足丘陵地区1∶1万比例尺一级高程中误差的精度要求;机载InSAR可作为复杂地区大面积地形测图制取的一种技术手段。 相似文献
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作为"云控制"摄影测量理论和方法的发展,研究了DEM约束的立体卫星影像区域网平差方法。与DEM仅作为高程控制信息使用,或者是通过DEM表面匹配实现绝对定向的间接定位方法不同,DEM作为平高控制信息被直接引入至基于RFM模型的卫星影像区域网平差之中。本文方法将连接点地面高程与DEM格网内插高程之差作为虚拟观测值构建约束方程,不仅利用了DEM高程信息,并且利用了其地形曲面包含的平面信息,以"云控制"方式在区域网平差过程中有效消除卫星影像RPC参数中包含的整体偏移及区域网内部的扭曲变形,实现了无地面控制点条件下卫星影像平面及高程绝对定位精度的大幅提升。使用覆盖山东全境的330景天绘一号立体卫星影像进行试验,分别以AW3D30、ASTER GDEM和SRTM GL3共3种开源DEM作为控制信息,并使用100个外业实测控制点进行精度评测。试验表明,以DEM作为控制可显著提高区域网平差的平面与高程精度,卫星影像绝对定位精度与DEM自身精度有关。当使用AW3D30作为控制时,可以取得与使用100个外业控制点平差同等精度,平面中误差为5.0 m(约1像素),高程中误差为2.9 m。试验结果证明了DEM替代外业控制点作为平差控制信息的有效性与可行性。 相似文献
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资源三号测绘卫星影像平面和立体区域网平差比较 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
针对弱交会条件下卫星遥感影像区域网平差无法正确求解的问题,本文提出了利用数字高程模型（DEM）作为高程约束的平面区域网平差方法提高其对地目标定位精度的策略。首先,选取带仿射变换项的有理函数模型（RFM）作为卫星影像平面区域网平差的数学模型。其次,在平差过程中更新连接点的地面坐标时仅求解地面点的平面坐标,高程值利用DEM进行内插获得。最后,在布设少量控制点的情况下通过平面区域网平差求解所有参与平差的卫星影像定向参数和连接点的地面平面坐标。利用两个地区的资源三号正视影像的平面区域网平差以及前正后三视影像的立体区域网平差的对比试验表明,对于资源三号卫星影像在1:50000DEM的支持下,平面平差可以达到和立体平差相当平面精度。对于近似垂直正视的资源三号影像,全球1km格网的DEM和90m格网的SRTM可以取代1:50000DEM作为高程控制,平面精度几乎没有损失。最终,试验结果证明了平面区域网平差方法的有效性和可行性。 相似文献
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凭借地面光斑小、分辨率高等特点,ICESat卫星激光测高数据在两极冰盖的研究中得到了广泛的应用。为了确定ICESat在冰面上的测高能力,本文利用格陵兰地区的ICESat交叉点不符值对其在冰盖表面的观测值精度进行了估计;并在充分考虑冰盖时变影响的条件下对交叉点不符值进行了统计。结果表明,其观测精度与地表反射面的坡度存在明显的线性关系,特别是在坡度小于1°的条件下,其相关性高达0.985。进一步考虑地表起伏对于高程内插的影响以后,得到理想环境下ICESat在冰面上的单点测高精度约为±6.4 cm。 相似文献
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Orbit determination of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
We present the results on precision orbit determination from the radio science investigation of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
(LRO) spacecraft. We describe the data, modeling and methods used to achieve position knowledge several times better than
the required 50–100 m (in total position), over the period from 13 July 2009 to 31 January 2011. In addition to the near-continuous
radiometric tracking data, we include altimetric data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) in the form of crossover
measurements, and show that they strongly improve the accuracy of the orbit reconstruction (total position overlap differences
decrease from ~70 m to ~23 m). To refine the spacecraft trajectory further, we develop a lunar gravity field by combining
the newly acquired LRO data with the historical data. The reprocessing of the spacecraft trajectory with that model shows
significantly increased accuracy (~20 m with only the radiometric data, and ~14 m with the addition of the altimetric crossovers).
LOLA topographic maps and calibration data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera were used to supplement the results
of the overlap analysis and demonstrate the trajectory accuracy. 相似文献
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J. Klokoník J. Kostelecký C.A. Wagner P. Schwintzer Ch. Förste R. Scharroo 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,78(7-8):405-417
Since the advent of CHAMP, the first in a series of low-altitude satellites being almost continuously and precisely tracked by GPS, a new generation of long-wavelength gravitational geopotential models can be derived. The accuracy evaluation of these models depends to a large extent on the comparison with external data of comparable quality. Here, two CHAMP-derived models, EIGEN-1S and EIGEN-2, are tested with independent long-term-averaged single satellite crossover (SSC) sea heights from three altimetric satellites (ERS-1, ERS-2 and Geosat). The analyses show that long-term averages of crossover residuals still are powerful data to test CHAMP gravity field models. The new models are tested in the spatial domain with the aid of ERS-1/-2 and Geosat SSCs, and in the spectral domain with latitude-lumped coefficient (LLC) corrections derived from the SSCs. The LLC corrections allow a representation of the satellite-orbit-specific error spectra per order of the models spherical harmonic coefficients. These observed LLC corrections are compared to the LLC projections from the models variance–covariance matrix. The excessively large LLC errors at order 2 found in the case of EIGEN-2 with the ERS data are discussed. The degree-dependent scaling factors for the variance-covariance matrices of EIGEN-1S and –2, applied to obtain more realistic error estimates of the solved-for coefficients, are compatible with the results found here. 相似文献
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The crossover adjustment plays a central role in the processing of satellite altimeter measurements. The usual procedure
is to form sea surface height differences at crossover points, solve for the radial orbit error (with due attention to the
singular nature of the estimation problem) and then to construct altimetric sea-level maps using the mean sea surface heights
at the crossover points. Our approach is very different, to make direct use of measurements at crossover points without differencing
and to estimate simultaneously orbit parameters, mean sea surface height and sea surface height variability in a single, unified
adjustment. The technique is suited for repeat data over an area small enough that adjoining passes may be considered to be
parallel and to permit the solution of a set of linear equations of dimension equal to the number of crossover points. The
size of the numerical problem is almost independent of the number of repeat cycles of the altimeter mission. Explicit recognition
is given to the rank defect of the least-squares estimation problem; we show that, for an orbit model with r parameters, the rank defect of the local crossover problem is exactly r
2. The defect may be overcome by choosing an appropriate set of constraints – either giving a best fit of mean sea surface
heights to a reference surface, or minimising orbit parameters, or a minimum norm solution in which both mean sea surface
heights and orbit parameters are minimised. There is no need to choose a reference pass, all passes are treated equally and
data gaps are easily accommodated. Numerical results are presented for the south-western Indian Ocean, based on the first
2 years of altimeter data from the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission.
Received: 31 May 1996 / Accepted: 19 April 1997 相似文献
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Per Knudsen 《Journal of Geodesy》1994,68(1):7-18
The effects of residual ocean tide signals on altimetric mesoscale variability estimates are analyzed in the north east Atlantic region using one year of Geosat Exact Repeat Mission data. The variability is evaluated along collinear tracks and covariance functions are determined. Initial results show that the average variability is about 10 cm. Variability values of 15–20 cm are found between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands and values up to 1/2 m are found near the coast of the UK. Then a procedure for estimation of ocean tide signals combined with the collinear analyses was tested. A separation of the estimated tide residuals associated with M2, S2, and N2 resulted in a significant reduction of the variability. The average variability decreased to 5 cm and the temporal correlations vanished. A reduction of the large variability values from 15–50 cm to 5–10 cm demonstrates that significant residual ocean tide signals can be estimated and removed efficiently in a collinear analysis of the mesoscale ocean variability. 相似文献
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This paper aims at the prediction of both global mean sea level anomalies (SLAs) and gridded SLA data in the east equatorial Pacific obtained from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 altimetric measurements. The first prediction technique (denoted as LS) is based on the extrapolation of a polynomial-harmonic deterministic least-squares model describing a linear trend, annual and semi-annual oscillations. The second prediction method (denoted as LS + AR) is a combination of the extrapolation of a polynomial-harmonic model with the autoregressive forecast of LS residuals. In the case of forecasting global mean SLA data, both techniques allow one to compute the predictions of comparable accuracy (root mean square error for 1-month in the future is of 0.5 cm). In the case of predicting gridded SLA data, the LS + AR prediction method gains significantly better prediction accuracy than the accuracy obtained by the LS technique during El Niño 1997/1998, La Niña 1998/1999 and during normal conditions. 相似文献
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详细阐述了利用GLAS数据和GPS数据生成Dome-A地区DEM的方法。首先进行GLAS数据转化, 便于与GPS数据结合, 提出一种快速搜索GLAS和其光斑(Footprint)覆盖GPS点的算法, 比较GLAS数据和GPS数据发现, 均值差异最大为1.118 m, 最小为0.997 m, 而标准差稳定为5-6 cm, 在进行椭球变换修正之后, 差值最大为0.405 m, 最小为0.284 m;之后利用改进的角度限差法沿测线对GPS数据进行特征点提取, 得到抽稀之后的数据;再利用抽稀之后的GPS数据和处理后的GLAS数据使用克里金插值方法生成研究区DEM。利用1199个GPS点和53个GLAS检验点对最后生成的DEM进行了精度分析, 残差中误差为5 cm, 最大残差绝对值为12 cm。利用原始GPS数据, 原始GPS数据和GLAS数据, 处理后GPS数据利用克立金插值方法分别生成了研究区的DEM, 通过等高线提取分析以及检验点的误差分析, 处理后的GPS数据生成的DEM要优于原始GPS数据的, 证明GPS处理的必要性。 相似文献
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多维平差问题粗差的局部分析法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用一个水准网说明了依据改正数进行粗差处理可能导致错误,而且粗差能够被正确处理与其所处的位置有关。为了解决这个问题,本文提出了局部分析法。局部分析法从多维平差问题的函数模型出发,根据设计矩阵得到一个被观测量的多个独立观测,包括被观测量的观测值和其他观测值的函数,并且给出了根据平差问题的设计矩阵搜索这些函数的方法。根据独立观测的数目即可判断被观测量的观测值能否容忍粗差。在此基础上提出了一种根据真误差判断被观测量的独立观测所涉及到的观测值是否含有粗差的方法。最后用一个测角网说明局部分析法和粗差探测方法的过程。 相似文献
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基于多源卫星测高数据的新一代全球平均海面高模型 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
高精度高分辨率平均海面高模型是研究海洋动力环境变化的重要基础。本文基于多源多代卫星测高数据,包括Geosat/GM、Geosat/ERM、ERS-1/168、ERS-2、Envisat-1、T/P和Jason-1数据,采用统一精密的模型或方法对各项地球物理改正和传播介质误差进行了改进或重新计算,然后以T/P和Jason-1两种数据的共线平差作为参考基准,通过发展的全组合交叉点整体平差方法大幅度削弱了径向轨道误差和时变海面高影响,经比较后优选了最小二乘配置格网化方法,以EGM2008高阶重力场模型由移去－恢复方法得到了全球纬度80°S～82°N范围内海域2′×2′平均海平面高模型WHU2009。与国际上较常用的CLS01平均海平面高模型及实测2年平均Jason-1比较表明WHU2009模型整体精度优于CLS01模型。 相似文献
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P. Moore 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(5-6):241-254
Dual satellite crossovers (DXO) between the two European Remote Sensing satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 and TOPEX/Poseidon are
used to (1) refine the Earth's gravity field and (2) extend the study of the ERS-2 altimetric range stability to cover the
first four years of its operation. The enhanced gravity field model, AGM-98, is validated by several methodologies and will
be shown to provide, in particular, low geographically correlated orbital error for ERS-2. For the ERS-2 altimetric range
study, TOPEX/Poseidon is first calibrated through comparison against in situ tide gauge data. A time series of the ERS-2 altimeter
bias has been recovered along with other geophysical correction terms using tables for bias jumps in the range measurements
at the single point target response (SPTR) events. On utilising the original version of the SPTR tables the overall bias drift
is seen to be 2.6±1.0 mm/yr with an RMS of fit of 12.2 mm but with discontinuities at the centimetre level at the SPTR events.
On utilising the recently released revised tables, SPTR2000, the drift is better defined at 2.4±0.6 mm/yr with the RMS of
fit reduced to 3.7 mm. Investigations identify the sea-state bias as a source of error with corrections affecting the overall
drift by close to 1.2 mm/yr.
Received: 25 May 2000 / Accepted: 24 January 2001 相似文献
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The round-trip travel time measurements made by spacecraft laser altimeters are primarily used to construct topographic maps
of the target body. The accuracy of the calculated bounce point locations of the laser pulses depends on the quality of the
spacecraft trajectory reconstruction. The trajectory constraints from Doppler and range radio tracking data can be supplemented
by altimetric “crossovers”, to greatly improve the reconstruction of the spacecraft trajectory. Crossovers have been used
successfully in the past (e.g., Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on Mars Global Surveyor), but only with single-beam altimeters.
The same algorithms can be used with a multi-beam laser altimeter, but we present a method using the unique cross-track topographic
information present in the multi-beam data. Those crossovers are especially adapted to shallow (small angle) intersections,
as the overlapping area is large, reducing the inherent ambiguities of single-beam data in that situation. We call those “swath
crossovers”. They prove particularly useful in the case of polar-orbiting spacecraft over slowly rotating bodies, because
all the non-polar crossovers have small intersection angles. To demonstrate this method, we perform a simplified simulation
based on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and its five-beam Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter. We show that swath crossovers
over one lunar month can independently, from geometry alone, recover the imposed orbital perturbations with great accuracy
(5 m horizontal, < 1 m vertical, about one order of magnitude smaller than the imposed perturbations). We also present new
types of constraints that can be derived from the swath crossovers, and designed to be used in a precision orbit determination
setup. In future work, we will use such multi-beam altimetric constraints with data from LRO. 相似文献