共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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合成孔径雷达(SAR)稀疏成像模型中的参数选择对于SAR稀疏成像的性能有重要影响,也是当前SAR稀疏成像研究中的难点问题。已有参数选择方法普遍存在适用于个别模型或者运算量大的缺点。基于最大后验概率估计和贝叶斯推理,提出了一种无需额外先验信息的自适应参数选择方法,所有需要的参数都可从已知的数据中获取。通过推导得到模型参数与信号、噪声方差的关系,避免了对数据进行一系列的训练处理,因此极大地减小了计算量。仿真数据和实测数据处理表明,本文方法在实现了较为精确的参数优化选择的前提下,其计算量远低于贝叶斯信息论准则、L-曲线等已有参数选择方法。 相似文献
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针对传统方法存在的缺陷,研究了利用Kalman滤波技术进行大规模GNSS网参数（主要包括测站位置参数、卫星轨道参数及极移参数）估计的理论方法与关键技术,并利用40个全球均匀分布的IGS站多天的观测数据对理论成果进行了验证。结果表明,本文估计得到的测站位置参数与IGS结果各分量较差的RMS值分别为0.85、1.1、1.21 cm,得到的卫星轨道参数外推1 h后与IGS最终星历各分量较差的RMS值分别为9.8、8.6、7.2 cm,得到的极移参数与IERS结果的较差基本在1 mas之内;该方法具有较高的估值精度,可有效地用于GNSS网各类参数的估计。 相似文献
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针对施工图内容复杂多样,存在图形、文本、符号、表格等多种样式的数据形式,给基于施工图的三维建筑物模型重构带来较大困难的问题,该文分析了建筑施工图的数据内容及其关联性,提出了面向建筑物三维模型重建的数据组织方法,构建了面向数据提取的建筑物对象模型,设计了相应的数据结构和人机交互提取方法,为基于建筑施工图的信息提取提供了一整套可供借鉴的方法。提出了由框架参数、基本参数、扩展参数和语义参数构成的建筑施工图数据参数化分解方法,可以支持内容相对独立的分步参数提取方式,并设计了综合化的交互界面,简化了数据提取操作过程,试验表明有效提高了数据提取的效率和准确率。 相似文献
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正则化方法是大地测量解算病态问题的常用方法,而正则化参数是影响正则化方法解算结果的关键参数。以均方误差最小为准则选取正则化参数,具有较充分的理论依据,可有效实现模型参数估值精度的提升。但是,均方误差计算过程中需要未知参数的真值,在实际情形中只能通过参数估值替代真值估算均方误差,难以获得可靠准确的均方误差值,限制了正则化参数的有效性。鉴于此,本文分析了正则化参数变化引起的方差与偏差变化规律,提出了一种均方误差相对变化值确定方法。依据不同正则化参数下模型参数真值不变原则,计算不同正则化参数下的方差与偏差相对变化量,从而消除参数真值对均方误差估计的影响。本文首先利用不同正则化参数计算两相邻正则化参数间的方差与标准差相对变化量;然后计算两正则化参数间模型参数估值变化量,通过差分运算分析得到两相邻正则化参数下的偏差相对变化量;最后综合标准差变化与偏差变化关系,得到均方误差最大降幅的正则化参数。通过PolInSAR植被高测量试验对本文方法的可行性进行了验证。试验表明,本文方法可有效改善正则化法模型参数估计精度。两个PolInSAR测量试验模型参数反演精度均得到了提高,合理验证了本文方法的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
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鱼眼相机因其成像视场极大而在全方位视觉、测量、工业制造等领域得到了广泛的应用,但在应用鱼眼相机之前需要对其进行检校。鱼眼相机参数包括畸变参数、内方位参数和外方位参数等,这些参数之间存在着很强的复共线性而使法方程呈现严重病态,导致参数解容易受到观测误差的影响,正则化方法恰好能够有效地解决方程病态的问题。针对鱼眼相机的特点,首次提出了鱼眼相机检校的正则化方法,介绍了基于半视场角约束的鱼眼相机检校方法,阐述了Tikhonov正则化方法和截断奇异值（TSVD）正则化方法的基本原理,探讨了求解正则化参数的L曲线法和广义交叉检验法（GCV）的特点,最后构建了5种不同的正则化方案对15组数据进行了分别处理,并对得到的相机参数的精度和准确度进行了比较分析。实验分析表明：各种正则化方案会引起相机内方位参数约为0.2像素的轻微偏移,但是相对于直接最小二乘解其精度至少提高了1000倍,能够极大地提高相机检校的抗干扰性。 相似文献
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Tikhonov正则化法是大地测量中应用最为广泛的病态问题解算方法之一。影响正则化法解算效果的重要因素是正则化参数,然而,最优正则化参数的确定一直是正则化解算的难题,如L曲线法确定的正则化参数具有稳定性好、可靠性高的优点,但存在过度平滑问题,导致正则化法对模型参数估值精度改善较小。本文从均方误差角度分析了正则化参数对模型参数估计质量的影响。基于奇异值分解技术,提出了由模型参数投影值分块计算均方误差的方法,避免了均方误差迭代计算,并基于均方误差最小准则给出了正则化参数优化方法,实现了对L曲线正则化参数的优化。数值模拟试验与PolInSAR植被高反演试验结果表明,正则化参数优化方法有效改善了正则化法解算效果,提高了模型参数估计精度。 相似文献
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通过模拟算例,比较了L曲线法、GCV法（广义交叉核实法）和虚拟观测法确定出的正则化参数,并对影响正则化参数的因素进行了分析,得出结论：正则化参数的确定与信噪比密切相关,当信噪比增大时,各种方法确定的正则化参数变化趋势不同,不同的情况确定正则化参数的适用方法也会有所差异。 相似文献
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杜久升冯云超侯争 《测绘与空间地理信息》2023,(11):1-4
针对5种经典平差模型公式繁多、易于混淆的问题,本文通过设置参数的系数矩阵、等式转换、参数向量的分组消元等方法分别实现了附有参数的条件平差与其余平差模型之间的转换。同时,在等式转换过程中打破了附有参数的条件平差与间接平差模型之间参数选择的约束,完成了二者的转换,为实现附有参数的条件平差对附有限制条件的间接平差的统一奠定了基础。最后通过实例验证了上述方法的正确性。 相似文献
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Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,虽然SVG不是为了面向地理空间数据发布而制定的标准,但它的许多特性都能被广泛地应用到WebGIS中,从而实现矢量WebGIS。由于SVG通过简单的文本语句描述矢量图像,所以SVG通常数据量很小,并且SVG支持GZIP压缩,所以基于SVG构建WebGIS能减轻网络传输负载,加快地图显示速度。SVG内置了对JavaScript的支持,且SVG可通过DOM解析映像成内存中的树型结构,所以客户层可通过JavaScript对DOM的操作实现对地图的缩放、漫游、查询、图层控制等交互操作。 相似文献
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本文在讨论DDE技术的基础上，对MapInfo的DDE机制的实现作了探讨和分析。根据技园区域GIS的实际开发工作，介绍了利用DDE技术在MapInfo中成功地集成Foxpro和Autocad. 相似文献
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遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
金时华 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(1):98-101
主要论述遥感技术在土地监测中的应用,以某地区土地利用动态遥感监测研究项目的运作过程为例进行阐述。首先介绍了土地利用动态监测的具体内容和技术路线。其次,对数据预处理与信息采集的方法与手段进行了探讨。最后,对作业的内、外业主要过程以及应提交的成果作了介绍。 相似文献
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地理数据库的关系模型及其实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。 相似文献
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Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates. 相似文献
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遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global
environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map,
and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250
000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery
into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised
classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy
assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify
and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area
had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km2 in 1990 to 3 794.9 km2 in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover
changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the
countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military
camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used
to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time.
Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China). 相似文献
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随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。 相似文献
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We aim a better understanding of the effect of spring-time snow melt on the remotely sensed scene reflectance by using an extensive amount of optical spectral data obtained from an airborne hyperspectral campaign in Northern Finland. We investigate the behaviour of thin snow reflectance for different land cover types, such as open areas, boreal forests and treeless fells. Our results not only confirm the generally known fact that the reflectance of a melting thin snow layer is considerably lower than that of a thick snow layer, but we also present analyses of the reflectance variation over different land covers and in boreal forests as a function of canopy coverage. According to common knowledge, the highly variating reflectance spectra of partially transparent, most likely also contaminated thin snow pack weakens the performance of snow detection algorithms, in particular in the mapping of Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) during the end of the melting period. The obtained results directly support further development of the SCAmod algorithm for FSC retrieval, and can be likewise applied to develop other algorithms for optical satellite data (e.g. spectral unmixing methods), and to perform accuracy assessments for snow detection algorithms.A useful part of this work is the investigation of the competence of Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) in snow detection in late spring, since it is widely used in snow mapping. We conclude, based on the spectral data analysis, that the NDSI -based snow mapping is more accurate in open areas than in forests. However, at the very end of the snow melting period the behavior of the NDSI becomes more unstable and unpredictable in non-forests with shallow snow, increasing the inaccuracy also in non-forested areas. For instance in peatbogs covered by melting snow layer (snow depth < 30 cm) the mean NDSI -0.6 was observed, having coefficient of variation as high as 70%, whereas for deeper snow packs the mean NDSI shows positive values. 相似文献