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路线剖面图是区域地质调查平面图的重要补充,其三维重建可明确反映地质层面的地表展布与地下发育情况,是重建区域三维地质模型的必要数据。针对区域地质调查路线距离长、褶曲多、地质结构复杂的特点,本文建立了一种基于纵向定位线的剖面特征点三维坐标转换模型,提出了地质界线特征点加密算法,能够有效地提高重建路线三维剖面的准确度与光滑度。研发的剖面三维重建模块已应用于多幅实际区调数据工程项目,应用结果表明:该方法可满足区域地质调查建模需求,剖面重建效果良好,具有较好的实用价值和应用前景。 相似文献
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CHENGPenggen SHIWenzhong GONGJianya ZHOUGuoqing 《地球空间信息科学学报》2005,8(1):64-71
3D spatial data model and simulating are the core of 3D GIS can be adopted in different domains. A data model based on Quasi Tri-Prism Volume (QTPV) has been proposed. QTPV definition and its special cases have been discussed. Using QTPV and its special cases, irregular natural geological bodies and regular subsurface engineering can be described efficiently. The proposed model is composed of five primitives and six objects. Data structures and topological relationship of the fives primitives and three objects describing stratigraphy are designed in detail Some schemes are designed for the QTPV modelling of stratigraphy and subsurface engineering according to modelling data. The model manipulation method of QTPV cutting by an arbitrary plane is discussed. Using VC 6.0 programming language integrated with SQL database and OpenGL graphic library under windows environment, a system prototype 3DGeoMV has been developed. The experiment result shows that the QTPV model is feasible and efficient in modelling subsurface engineering. 相似文献
4.
3D spatial data model and simulating are the core of 3D GIS can be adopted in different domains. A data model based on Quasi Tri-Prism Volume (QTPV) has been proposed. QTPV definition and its special cases have been discussed. Using QTPV and its special cases, irregular natural geological bodies and regular subsurface engineering can be described efficiently. The proposed model is composed of five primitives and six objects. Data structures and topological relationship of the fives primitives and three objects describing stratigraphy are designed in detail. Some schemes are designed for the QTPV modelling of stratigraphy and subsurface engineering according to modelling data. The model manipulation method of QTPV cutting by an arbitrary plane is discussed. Using VC++ 6.0 programming language integrated with SQL database and OpenGL graphic library under windows environment, a system prototype 3DGeoMV has been developed. The experiment result shows that the QTPV model is feasible and efficient in modelling subsurface engineering. 相似文献
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One of the first stages of the three‐dimensional (3D) subsurface modeling process involves collation and analysis of available borehole and/or outcrop data to identify individual subsurface units, usually distinguished by the grain size of the sediment, and the elevation of their bounding contacts. Input data can come from a variety of sources and may be categorized according to their reliability and/or quality. The output from the 3D model is a prediction of subsurface conditions based on these data and the reliability of the output model is highly dependent on both the quality of input data and the types of interpolation methods used. This article presents a new quality weighting methodology that allows the user to assign a differential weighting factor to data points of variable quality in the modeling process. Input data are categorized into high and low quality datasets which are then recombined using a grid math process in which a differential “weighting” factor is applied. This allows the 3D modeling program to maximize the use and effectiveness of data from all available sources while giving high quality data greater influence on the final model output, and will result in the generation of more accurate and reliable 3D subsurface models. 相似文献
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Chuanfa Chen Yanyan Li Honglei Dai 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
We have presented a new method for generating grid-based digital elevation models (DEMs) based on Coons patch. A series of Gaussian synthetic surfaces with various surface complexities were employed to comparatively analyze the simulation accuracies of Coons patch and the classical interpolation methods, such as IDW, Natural neighbor, SPLINE and KRIGING. Results indicate that irrespective of terrain complexity, Coons patch is much more accurate than the classical interpolation methods, and the accuracy of Coons patch is about 327.30, 15.19, 3.66 and 40.07 times as high as the accuracies of IDW, Natural neighbor, SPLINE and KRIGING on average. A real-world test area was used to test the effect of sampling density on the simulation accuracy. The results indicate that Coons patch has a higher accuracy than the classical interpolation methods regardless of sampling density. In a word, Coons patch as an accurate interpolation method can be used for grid-based DEM construction. 相似文献
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Dariusz Gosciewski 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2013,15(4):513-535
Contemporary land information systems allow the generation of models of numerical surfaces by applying a number of interpolation algorithms. The appropriate selection of measurement points included in the calculations is one of the key factors influencing the quality and accuracy of interpolation. Properly selected points contribute to improving the accuracy of the generated surface models and to shortening the computation process. This paper analyzes the effect of the location and density of measurement points on the accuracy of interpolation surfaces in view of the morphological differentiation of the generated models. 相似文献
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针对目前DEM（Digital Elevation Model, DEM）数字地形分析的精度评价多数不考虑DEM误差的空间自相关性或仅仅采用经验的自相关性模型问题,本文从DEM插值入手,从理论上推导了插值条件下格网DEM邻域窗口内坡度噪声误差的空间自相关性模型以及坡度精度模型,并选取典型的插值方法和坡度差分算法,从实验角度分析了在顾及和不顾及空间自相关性两种情况下的格网DEM坡度计算模型的噪声精度,实验结果表明：坡度精度受DEM噪声误差的空间自相关性影响较大,并与DEM插值方法和坡度计算模型中的差分算法有关。 相似文献
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针对现有空间插值方法对样点空间分布及结构约束考虑较少,难以保真原有空间数据的统计参量等问题,利用Voronoi和Delaunay的相互关系,建立了基于样点分布V-邻域结构的插值控制点自适应生成方法,构建了顾及样点分布结构与分布密度的结构保持空间插值方法。基于中国气象台站日均气温数据的方法验证与对比表明,相比于常用的空间插值算法,本文算法具有更好的结构自适应性,且对原始数据的空间统计特征具有更好的保持性。 相似文献
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The optimum expression for the gravitational potential of polyhedral bodies having a linearly varying density distribution 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
When topography is represented by a simple regular grid digital elevation model, the analytical rectangular prism approach
is often used for a precise gravity field modelling at the vicinity of the computation point. However, when the topographical
surface is represented more realistically, for instance by a triangular irregular network (TIN) model, the analytical integration
using arbitrary polyhedral bodies (the analytical line integral approach) can be implemented directly without additional data
pre-processing (gridding or interpolation). The analytical line integral approach can also facilitate 3-D density models created
for complex geometrical bodies. For the forward modelling of the gravitational field generated by the geological structures
with variable densities, the analytical integration can be carried out using polyhedral bodies with a varying density. The
optimal expression for the gravitational attraction vector generated by an arbitrary polyhedral body having a linearly varying
density is known. In this article, the corresponding optimal expression for the gravitational potential is derived by means
of line integrals after applying the Gauss divergence theorem. 相似文献
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基于LiDAR点云数据的水体轮廓线提取方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出一种基于机载激光雷达点云数据提取水体轮廓线的方法。采用双层格网模式提取较窄的水体;以朝向水体的边界点作为拟合轮廓线的关键点提取更精确的轮廓线。实验表明,该方法可以较好地提取水体轮廓线。 相似文献
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线阵推扫式影像近似几何校正算法的精度比较 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
线阵推扫式影像严格几何校正需要轨道星历参数和传感器参数 ,但在实际应用中有时无法得到这些数据 ,此时一般采用直接线性变换、一般多项式、改进多项式、有理函数等模型进行近似几何校正。在简要介绍了几种近似算法的数学模型后 ,重点讨论了利用SPOT和IKONOS图像所进行的各种实验分析和精度比较。结果表明 :有理函数模型精度最高 ,可达到子像素级 ;直接线性变换模型的精度在控制点分布状态良好时可达到 2个像素 ;一般多项式模型的精度 ,对于平坦地区的影像大约在 1个像素左右 ,但受地形起伏的影响较大 ;改进多项式模型的精度随多项式的阶数变化而变化 ,几乎不受地形起伏的影响 ,选择适当阶数的改进多项式模型可以获得较高的几何校正精度。此外 ,在选择某一种方法进行线阵推扫式影像近似几何校正的时候 ,还应该综合考虑精度、算法复杂性、对已知数据的要求等多种因素。实验表明 :对于线阵推扫式影像的近似几何校正 ,改进多项式模型精度较高、计算量较小、对控制点要求较低 ,是一种较好的近似几何校正算法 相似文献
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WULixin SHIWenzhong 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,7(2):123-128
Engineering excavation GIS (E^2GIS) is a real-3D GIS serving for geosciences related to geo-engineering, civil engineering and mining engineering based on generalized tri-prism (GTP) model.As two instances of GTP model, G-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface geological bodies, and E-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface engineering excavations. In the light of the discussions on the features and functions of E2 GIS, the modeling principles of G-GTP and E-GTP are introduced. The two models couple together seamlessly to form an integral model for subsurface spatial objects including both geological bodies and excavations. An object-oriented integral real-3D data model and integral spatial topological relations are discussed. 相似文献
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人口统计数据的空间分布化研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
分析了传统的人口空间分布密度衰减函数－指数型和Gauss型，指出了其应用的局限性，对于有两个中心以上的城市，提出了将人口统计数据空间分布化的思路和方法。 相似文献
15.
Engineering excavation GIS (E2 GIS) is a real-3D GIS serving for geosciences related to geo-engineering, civil engineering and mining engineering based on generalized tri-prism (GTP) model. As two instances of GTP model, G-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface geological bodies, and E-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface engineering excavations. In the light of the discussions on the features and functions of E2GIS, the modeling principles of G-GTP and E-GTP are introduced. The two models couple together seamlessly to form an integral model for subsurface spatial objects including both geological bodies and excavations. An object-oriented integral real-3D data model and integral spatial topological relations are discussed. 相似文献
16.
变形监测在保障工程安全、建筑物的监测以及地质结构分析等方面扮演着重要的角色。尤其是在城市发展中,地面沉降更是非常突出的问题。本文针对目前通过精密水准或GNSS进行地面沉降监测存在监测点位离散,且分布不均的问题,提出采用克里金插值模型进行沉降量内插的设想,并通过北京局部沉降监测实测数据,对上述差值模型进行了验证和精度分析。结果表明克里金插值模型用于地面沉降监测数据内插是可行的。 相似文献
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反距离加权插值算法中插值参数对DEM插值误差的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
插值算法是影响DEM精度的主要因素之一,对于插值参数如何影响插值算法并最终影响插值精度却研究较少。这里以反距离加权插值算法中的插值参数为实验对象,选取了6种不同地貌类型的离散点数据,基于中误差度量指标,运用交叉验证方法研究权指数、搜索点数、搜索方向对DEM插值精度的影响。实验结果表明:1)在搜索方向方面,四方向搜索和八方向搜索对提高DEM插值精度并不明显;2)搜索点数为8～12点是较好的选择;3)当权指数≥3时,对DEM插值精度的影响不明显,2或3是较好的选择;4)3因素对DEM插值精度的显著性影响顺序为"权指数>搜索点数>搜索方向"。 相似文献
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地表观测的重力位场是地形质量、浅部地质结构产生的剩余重力异常和深部地质构造产生的区域重力异常的叠加效应。基于尺寸可变的滑动窗口的二维低阶多项式拟合算法和格网距离（到中心点）倒数的定权规则在空间域对地面观测的重力位场数据进行了不同深度层的区域-剩余异常分离。这克服了常规算法仅在水平方向上区分不同异常空间分布及垂直方向上定性分离的缺陷。并利用构建的模型重力数据和实测重力位场数据分别进行解算,数值结果验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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为满足复杂地形景区对三维地图导览的需求,构建更为清晰的三维地图模型,提供良好的三维导览地图设计方案显得尤为重要。为了更好地与卫星影像进行贴合,DEM数据的采样密度要与卫星影像的分辨率一致。本文通过对比当下常用的四种空间插值方法的适用范围与运用特点,设置相关阈值及权重,直观比较了四种插值方法产生的插值结果,选择更适合复杂景区DEM插值的插值方法并对其进行精度提升,以此得到符合精度要求的DEM数据。最后利用相应地区的卫星影像进行地图投影及影像贴图,两种数据结合构建复杂景区的三维地图模型,给游客带来更为精确直观的定位信息和空间要素信息。 相似文献
20.
可视化与可视化分析能有效提升枯燥、抽象数据的认知能力。然而,受地表环境要素遮挡、三维地质模型的不规则几何特征等要素影响,地下局部空间视觉表征中断,难以高效感知和交互分析地质要素及要素间的空间、属性特征。因此,本文提出了一种多种视觉变量和单目视觉线索组合的三维地质模型特征信息的增强可视化分析方法,实现了三维地质模型关键信息的增强表达与定量分析,并选择重大铁路某大桥和某隧道两个区域地质单元进行了案例试验分析。结果表明,与现有三维网格类标尺可视化分析方法相比,本文方法的精度和效率分别提升了13.63%、29.32%;根据参与者的调查统计分析,可视化效果与交互体验也有较大提升,证明本文方法可以更高效地感知和分析复杂三维地质模型场景中的关键特征信息。 相似文献