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在遥感大数据时代,遥感影像智能解译是挖掘遥感大数据价值并推动若干重大应用的关键技术,如何将知识推理和数据学习两类解译方法有机联合已成为遥感大数据智能处理的重要研究趋势。由此提出了面向遥感影像解译的遥感领域知识图谱构建与进化方法,建立了顾及遥感成像机理和地理学知识的遥感领域知识图谱。在遥感领域知识图谱支撑下,以零样本遥感影像场景分类、可解释遥感影像语义分割以及大幅面遥感影像场景图生成3个典型的遥感影像解译任务为例,研究了耦合知识图谱和深度学习的新一代遥感影像解译范式。在零样本遥感影像场景分类实验中,所提方法在不同的可见类/不可见类比例和不同的语义表示下,都明显优于其他方法;在可解释遥感影像语义分割实验中,知识推理与深度学习的联合方法取得了最好的分类结果;在大幅面遥感影像场景图生成实验中,知识图谱引导的方法精度明显高于基准的频率统计方法。遥感知识图谱推理与深度数据学习的融合可以有效提升遥感影像的解译性能。 相似文献
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深度学习技术促使诸多领域研究取得突破性进展, 基于深度神经网络的地图综合研究备受期待。将建筑物综合过程抽象解释为编解码过程, 系统地研究基于编解码结构的深度神经网络在建筑物综合中的应用。首先, 利用空间划分与矢量-栅格数据转换相结合的方式构建样本和样本集; 然后, 利用样本集训练基于编解码结构的深度神经网络, 实现建筑物综合学习泛化并测试、评估其效果; 最后, 搭建5种代表性的基于编解码结构的深度神经网络, 分析比较各模型在建筑物综合中的应用效果。实验结果表明, 基于编解码结构的深度神经网络能够从建筑物综合样本中学习或推理出部分建筑物综合知识和综合操作, 且5种模型中Pix2Pix更适用于建筑物综合的学习模拟。 相似文献
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Acquiring and formalizing cartographic knowledge still is a challenge, especially when the generalization process concerns small-scale maps. We concentrate on the settlement selection process for small-scale maps, with the aim of rendering it more holistic, and making methodological contributions in four areas. First, we show how written specifications and rules can be validated against the actual published map products, thus pointing to gaps and potential improvements. Second, we use data enrichment based on supplementing information extracted from point-of-interest data in order to assign functional importance to particular settlements. Third, we use machine learning (ML) algorithms to infer additional rules from existing maps, thus making explicit the deep knowledge of cartographers and allowing to extend the cartographic rule set. And fourth, we show how the results of ML can be transformed into human-readable form for potential use in the guidelines of national mapping agencies. We use the case of settlement selection in the small-scale maps published by the Polish national mapping agency (GUGiK). However, we believe that the methods and findings of this paper can be adapted to other environments with minor modifications. 相似文献
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遥感影像解译是一个不断发展的研究方向,随着日新月异的遥感应用需求、高分辨率遥感数据的快速发展、地理知识的日积月累、以及人工智能技术的发展,亟需发展自动化、智能化的遥感影像解译技术。本文针对遥感影像智能解译,首先从遥感影像解译单元、分类方法、解译认知3个方面阐述遥感影像解译的研究进展,然后提出了面向地理场景的 “地理知识图谱构建—深度学习模型构建—地理知识图谱与深度学习模型协同的遥感影像语义分类”遥感影像智能解译总体框架,并给出初步试验成果,最后对智能解译的重要发展趋势予以展望,以期拓展遥感影像智能解译研究的思路与方法,提高遥感影像智能解译的精细程度和智能化水平,使智能解译具备地理空间理解能力,推动“数据—信息—知识—智能”的深度转化。 相似文献
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地图综合是地图制图和多尺度空间数据变换的核心与关键技术。20世纪60年代以来,数字地图数据的自动综合研究逐渐展开并取得了长足的进步,囿于人工智能技术的限制,地图综合的智能解决方法虽有不少成果,但距离真正的智能化、实用化仍有一定的距离。近年来,以深度学习为代表的人工智能技术应用于诸多研究领域并取得显著成效,地图综合的智能化研究也有诸多新的尝试。首先,在归纳自动地图综合研究模式的基础上,阐述了智能地图综合研究的必要性;然后,结合人工智能发展历程回顾智能地图综合研究,梳理和分析了基于传统机器学习与基于深度学习的智能地图综合研究现状,并归纳了地图综合智能化研究的主要方法;最后,围绕地图综合智能化研究中的几个热点问题,探讨了智能地图综合的发展趋势。 相似文献
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三维重建可用于数字高程模型制作、机器人导航、增强现实和自动驾驶等。视差图是三维重建中一种重要的表达方式,而立体密集匹配是使用最广泛的获取视差图的技术。近年来,随着硬件、数据集、算法的发展,基于深度学习的立体匹配方法受到了广泛关注并取得了巨大成功。然而,这些方法通常在近景立体像对中进行测试,很少被用于遥感影像中。回顾了双目立体匹配的深度学习方法,选出了代表性的5种经典深度学习模型——GC-Net(geometry and context network)模型、PSM-Net(pyramid stereo matching network)模型、GWC-Net(group-wise correlation stereo network)模型、GA-Net(guided aggregation network)模型、HSM-Net(hierarchical deep stereo matching network)模型,将其应用于一套开源街景数据集(KITTI2015)和两套航空遥感影像数据集(München、WHU);分析了各种网络的实现方法,探讨了深度学习在遥感影像立体匹配中的性能,并与传统方法进行了对比。 相似文献
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水系是具有高度结构化特征的复杂空间数据,在不同水文条件和地形环境下发育的水系形态可以表现为多种模式,如格状河系、羽毛状河系、平行状河系等,使得水系选取具有较大难度。探讨了河流分级(汇流区域特征)、河网结构层次化(河流分布的地理特征)与水系选取之间的关系,提出了基于流域的河流自动选取,从河流的局部重要性出发,考虑河流的分级主要基于两点:一是确定选取单元为流域;二是对流域内河流通过等级关系选取高等级河流,同等级间河流根据长度、密度、河流间距离等综合指标进行选取。 相似文献
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Knowledge graphs are a key technique for linking and integrating cross-domain data, concepts, tools, and knowledge to enable data-driven analytics. As much of the world's data have become massive in size, visualizing graph entities and their interrelationships intuitively and interactively has become a crucial task for ingesting and better utilizing graph content to support semantic reasoning, discovering hidden knowledge discovering, and better scientific understanding of geophysical and social phenomena. Despite the fact that many such phenomena (e.g., disasters) have clear spatial footprints and geographic properties, their location information is considered only as a textual label in existing graph visualization tools, limiting their capability to reveal the geospatial distribution patterns of the graph nodes. In addition, most graph visualization techniques rely on 2D graph visualization, which constrains the dimensions of information that can be presented and lacks support for graph structure examination from multiple angles. To tackle the above challenges, we developed a novel 3D map-based graph visualization algorithm to enable interactive exploration of graph content and patterns in a spatially explicit manner. The algorithm extends a 3D force directed graph by integrating a web map, an additional geolocational force, and a force balancing variable that allows for the dynamic adjustment of the 3D graph structure and layout. This mechanism helps create a balanced graph view between the semantic forces among the graph nodes and the attractive force from a geolocation to a graph node. Our solution offers a new perspective in visualizing and understanding spatial entities and events in a knowledge graph. 相似文献
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Xuke Hu Hongchao Fan Alexey Noskov Zhiyong Wang Alexander Zipf Fuqiang Gu Jianga Shang 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):71-111
Semantically rich maps are the foundation of indoor location‐based services. Many map providers such as OpenStreetMap and automatic mapping solutions focus on the representation and detection of geometric information (e.g., shape of room) and a few semantics (e.g., stairs and furniture) but neglect room usage. To mitigate the issue, this work proposes a general room tagging method for public buildings, which can benefit both existing map providers and automatic mapping solutions by inferring the missing room usage based on indoor geometric maps. Two kinds of statistical learning‐based room tagging methods are adopted: traditional machine learning (e.g., random forests) and deep learning, specifically relational graph convolutional networks (R‐GCNs), based on the geometric properties (e.g., area), topological relationships (e.g., adjacency and inclusion), and spatial distribution characteristics of rooms. In the machine learning‐based approach, a bidirectional beam search strategy is proposed to deal with the issue that the tag of a room depends on the tag of its neighbors in an undirected room sequence. In the R‐GCN‐based approach, useful properties of neighboring nodes (rooms) in the graph are automatically gathered to classify the nodes. Research buildings are taken as examples to evaluate the proposed approaches based on 130 floor plans with 3,330 rooms by using fivefold cross‐validation. The experiments conducted show that the random forest‐based approach achieves a higher tagging accuracy (0.85) than R‐GCN (0.79). 相似文献
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建筑物作为城市中的重要地物,分析其群组模式对地图综合、导航定位、市政规划等具有重要作用。建筑物群组模式分析目前主要有基于规则的方法和基于机器学习的方法两种。基于规则的方法和基于传统机器学习分类器的方法均需要大量的人工处理过程。近年来兴起的深度学习特别是图卷积神经网络前期无需人工处理,因此提高了建筑物群组模式分析的自动化程度。传统的图卷积神经网络模型在训练深层网络时易出现退化问题,提取深层特征困难。为解决此问题,本文引入了图残差神经网络模型用于建筑物群组的模式分类。首先使用道路和河流等作为约束条件,利用K-means方法对建筑物进行聚类;然后根据Bertin视觉变量计算对应的建筑物特征指标,在每个建筑物群组中以建筑物质心为节点,连接节点的最小生成树作为边,构建建筑物群组图结构;最后将得到的图结构数据输入图残差神经网络进行训练,得到规则和不规则两种建筑物群组模式。试验结果表明,该模型较好地解决了传统图卷积神经网络模型的退化问题,并取得了更高的精度。 相似文献
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Traffic transformer: Capturing the continuity and periodicity of time series for traffic forecasting
Traffic forecasting is a challenging problem due to the complexity of jointly modeling spatio‐temporal dependencies at different scales. Recently, several hybrid deep learning models have been developed to capture such dependencies. These approaches typically utilize convolutional neural networks or graph neural networks (GNNs) to model spatial dependency and leverage recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to learn temporal dependency. However, RNNs are only able to capture sequential information in the time series, while being incapable of modeling their periodicity (e.g., weekly patterns). Moreover, RNNs are difficult to parallelize, making training and prediction less efficient. In this work we propose a novel deep learning architecture called Traffic Transformer to capture the continuity and periodicity of time series and to model spatial dependency. Our work takes inspiration from Google’s Transformer framework for machine translation. We conduct extensive experiments on two real‐world traffic data sets, and the results demonstrate that our model outperforms baseline models by a substantial margin. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):232-248
Successful implementation of an intelligent system for automated map generalization requires formalization of cartographic principles that are, in many cases, only intuitively understood. Formalizing these principles requires acquisition and re-expression in the form of semantic nets, frames, production rules, or similar formalization methods. The various techniques for cartographic knowledge acquisition have been discussed on a theoretical basis; however, little empirical research has been conducted. This paper reports on empirical acquisition of cartographic knowledge by reverse engineering; that is, on trying to recapitulate decisions made on published documents or maps. The work is based on a computer-assisted multi-scale inventory of the Austrian National Topographic Map Series. Queries of the relational database, within which inventory data are stored, lead to the formulation of prototype production rules for modifying map symbols during automatic scale changes. Components of map generalization expressed in such rules include the selection behavior of settlement, transportation, and hydrographic objects, and the degree of simplification of settlement domains and building clusters. The acquired cartographic knowledge reveals quantitative relations between map elements and the changes in these relations that occur with scale transition. These insights can guide subsequent knowledge refinement using other acquisition methods. This paper provides, in addition, a conceptual framework by which other topographic map series may be compared at multiple scales. 相似文献
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提出了一种顾及结构和几何特征的道路网自动选取方法。综合考虑道路的度中心性、集聚系数和路划的几何长度等道路选取影响因素,提出一种道路重要性评价方法。实验结果表明,本文方法能够很好地保持选取道路网的整体与局部结构、拓扑结构以及路网连通性。基于该方法,由大比例尺地图选取出的小比例尺地图与相应标准比例尺地图保持较高的一致性,表明该方法是稳定可靠的。 相似文献
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本文探讨了深度学习在航空影像密集匹配中的性能，并与经典方法进行了比较，对模型泛化能力进行了评估。首先，实现了MC-CNN（matching cost convolutional neural network）、GC-Net（geometry and context network）、DispNet（disparity estimation network）3种代表性卷积神经元网络在航空立体像对上的训练和测试，并与传统方法SGM（semi-global matching）和商业软件SURE进行了比较。其次，利用直接迁移学习方法，评估了各模型在不同数据集间的泛化能力。最后，利用预训练模型和少量目标数据集样本，评估了模型微调的效果。试验包含3套航空影像、2套开源街景影像。试验表明：①与传统的遥感影像密集匹配方法相比，目前深度学习方法略有优势；②GC-Net与MC-CNN表现了良好的泛化能力，在开源数据集上训练的模型可以直接应用于遥感影像，且3PE（3-pixel-error）精度没有明显下降；③在训练样本不足时，利用预训练模型做初值并进行参数微调可以得到比直接训练更好的结果。 相似文献
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Chengyi Liu Renjian Zhai Haizhong Qian Xianyong Gong Andong Wang Fang Wu 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(3):752-776
Various geological factors shape drainage patterns. Identifying drainage patterns is a classic problem in topographical knowledge mining and map generalization. Existing rule-based methods rely heavily on the parameter settings of cartographers for drainage-pattern recognition. These methods effectively identify drainage patterns in specific areas but require manual parameter tuning to identify drainage patterns in other areas. Owing to the complexity of topological and geometric characteristics, drainage pattern recognition involves nonlinear problems, and it is difficult to build mapping relationships between characteristics and patterns using rule-based methods. Therefore, we proposed a data-driven method based on a graph convolutional neural network to avoid heavy reliance on human experience and automatically mine implicit relationships between characteristics and drainage patterns. First, six typical drainage patterns (dendritic, rectangular, parallel, trellis, reticulate, and fanned) were listed based on map specifications, and the unique characteristics of each drainage pattern were illustrated. Subsequently, the drainage graphs were constructed. The characteristics of the whole, local, and individual units in the drainage networks were quantified based on drainage vector data. Finally, an identification model was developed using graph convolution, self-attention pooling, and multiple fully connected layers for drainage pattern recognition. After training and testing, the accuracy of our model (0.801 ± 0.014) was better than that of the rule-based method (0.572 ± 0.000) and the traditional machine learning methods (less than 0.733 ± 0.016). The results demonstrate that the ability of our model to identify drainage patterns surpasses that of other methods. 相似文献
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特征分类与邻近图相结合的建筑物群空间分布特征提取方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建筑物群综合过程中需要对建筑物群空间分布特征进行认知和识别。本文在分析国内外相关研究的基础上,从描述建筑物空间特征的大量指标中,利用主成份分析方法,总结并提出了有代表性的建筑物空间特征指标集:凸包面积、紧密度IPQ指标、边数和最小面积外接矩形方向,并基于这些指标研究了建筑物群的分类。在利用最小生成树邻近图(MST)划分建筑物空间子群时,考虑了建筑物成群与所处地理环境(河流和道路等因素)的关系。另外,基于最邻近图(NNG)、MST、相对邻近图(RNG)和Gabriel图(GG)4种建筑物群邻近图,提出了自动识别具有特定空间排列建筑物子群的方法,并比较分析了识别结果的影响因素和可用性。最后,选择北京某地区建筑物群为试验对象,实现了对建筑物群的分类和空间聚类,并提取了其中直线型空间排列的建筑物子群。 相似文献