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概率时间地理是经典时间地理基于概率的一种扩展,它采用概率描述移动对象在可达位置的非等可能性。已有的概率时间地理是基于正态分布或布朗桥的,其方差与移动速度无关或随移动速度的增大而发散,因而难以兼顾应用针对性和稳定性。本文提出了一种基于马尔科夫链的概率时间地理方法。首先,构建中间关于两边的双向条件马尔科夫链,它在移动速度足够大时的极限可视为布朗桥,因而具有稳定性数字特征。然后,建立定向移动到马尔科夫链的映射关系,主要是根据定向移动的时空位置、移动速度等信息建立马尔科夫链的步长、状态空间和转移矩阵,这样马尔科夫链与移动速度有关。最后,利用双向马尔科夫链连续计算定向移动在任意时刻的概率分布云,其方差的针对性和稳定性在实例中进行了验证。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2016,(12)
结合我国北斗导航卫星系统的特点,通过对三频数据进行线性最优组合来有效探测和修复各类周跳。应用了5种线性几何无关组合并基于三步法进行周跳探测。对于探测到的不同周跳,通过特定的三频载波相位线性组合进行有效的分辨和修复,最后基于北斗三频实测数据,针对不同电离层延迟变化水平,分别就1s、15s、30s不同采样间隔下的周跳探测和修复能力进行了验证,取得了较优的结果。 相似文献
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北斗卫星导航系统基准站通常直接存储传输原始观测量,导致了两种不利情况:①没有形成对用户的分级授权机制,任意用户通过原始观测量都可以获取基准站的精确空间基准、时间基准和大气基准数据,这会对基准站的安全构成潜在威胁;②原始观测量之间的强相关性导致其数据量很大,在北斗接收机观测显现网络化、不间断、高采样和多波段的趋势下,观测数据的海量爆发给数据的存储和传输都带来了巨大的压力。因此,本文提出利用状态和残差来表达北斗基准站观测数据。与通用的基于RINEX、Compact RINEX和RTCM等国际协议的数据服务相比,其优点是不但可以对不同级别用户进行信息分级授权,从技术上保障数据服务的安全,而且大幅减小了存储传输数据量和用户端计算量。同时本文证明了新的表达方式与原始数据等效,不会降低最终计算结果的精度。利用该方法可以建立具有自主知识产权的北斗观测数据存储和传输协议,并为高精度星基数据播发服务提供技术支持。 相似文献
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共享自行车有效地解决了人们短距离出行的难题,但随着共享自行车的大量投放及使用,给城市管理带来了很大的挑战。文中基于高精度北斗卫星定位和电子围栏等技术,建立了共享自行车监管与服务平台,依托地面划定的停车区域,采用北斗高精度采集终端完成地面停车区域的多边形拐点坐标的采集,将采集后的坐标与电子地图结合形成虚拟的电子围栏,通过车辆的位置数据与电子围栏多个拐点组成的封闭区域进行对比匹配,进而判断是否在围栏内或围栏外停放车辆。对停入停放区的车辆进行数据统计,停放区外的车辆进行报警提示并实施处罚。实际应用中,该平台为解决共享自行车监管难题提出了一套完整的解决方案。 相似文献
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北斗数据质量分析软件设计与实现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着北斗卫星导航系统的发展,北斗卫星数据在许多领域得到广泛应用,对北斗数据质量的监测变得越来越重要。文中在Visual Studio 2008开发平台下基于C++语言,设计并实现北斗数据质量分析软件,分析软件具有分析观测数据中多路径误差、周跳、载噪比、数据可用率和电离层延迟等信息的功能。利用开阔环境、树林环境、玻璃幕墙环境中的观测数据对分析软件进行测试,结果表明,分析软件能够真实反映出观测数据的质量情况。 相似文献
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Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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地理数据库的关系模型及其实现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4~9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。 相似文献
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随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。 相似文献
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SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,虽然SVG不是为了面向地理空间数据发布而制定的标准,但它的许多特性都能被广泛地应用到WebGIS中,从而实现矢量WebGIS。由于SVG通过简单的文本语句描述矢量图像,所以SVG通常数据量很小,并且SVG支持GZIP压缩,所以基于SVG构建WebGIS能减轻网络传输负载,加快地图显示速度。SVG内置了对JavaScript的支持,且SVG可通过DOM解析映像成内存中的树型结构,所以客户层可通过JavaScript对DOM的操作实现对地图的缩放、漫游、查询、图层控制等交互操作。 相似文献
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本文在讨论DDE技术的基础上,对MapInfo的DDE机制的实现作了探讨和分析。根据技园区域GIS的实际开发工作,介绍了利用DDE技术在MapInfo中成功地集成Foxpro和Autocad. 相似文献
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遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
金时华 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(1):98-101
主要论述遥感技术在土地监测中的应用,以某地区土地利用动态遥感监测研究项目的运作过程为例进行阐述。首先介绍了土地利用动态监测的具体内容和技术路线。其次,对数据预处理与信息采集的方法与手段进行了探讨。最后,对作业的内、外业主要过程以及应提交的成果作了介绍。 相似文献
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Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates. 相似文献
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遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global
environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map,
and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250
000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery
into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised
classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy
assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify
and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area
had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km2 in 1990 to 3 794.9 km2 in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover
changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the
countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military
camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used
to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time.
Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China). 相似文献