共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
本文通过对2000年—2013年长时间序列的MODIS气溶胶产品进行统计,分析了珠三角地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和细粒子光学厚度(FAOD)的空间分布特征以及年度和季节变化特点,有助于深入研究珠三角地区颗粒物污染水平变化及颗粒物的排放与输送等。研究结果显示珠三角地区中部为AOD高值区,东西两翼地区为AOD低值区。AOD和FAOD的最高值通常分别出现在春季和秋季,最低值则通常都出现在冬季。2006年之后,珠三角地区大气气溶胶总消光虽在部分年份仍有反弹上升的现象出现,但已有明显降低。然而,该地区细粒子消光在2000年—2012年期间则呈逐年增加的趋势,且其空间差异性也越加显著,细颗粒物污染仍需进一步控制。 相似文献
2.
基于2015—2016年东北三省36个主要城市PM2.5浓度数据以及同期大气氧化物数据,运用克里金插值法及相关性分析法,对PM2.5的时空分布特征及与其他大气氧化物的相关性进行分析.结果表明:2016年较2015年PM2.5浓度显著降低,下降了17.83％;PM2.5浓度由高到低的季节依次是冬季、秋季、春季和夏季,浓度分别为64.31、49.44、39.57、28.09μg·m-3;PM2.5月均浓度呈U形分布,最大值出现在11月,最小值出现在8月.分地区来看,PM2.5空间分布整体呈南高北低状态,黑龙江省的年均PM2.5浓度明显低于另外两省.PM2.5与CO、SO2、NO2浓度均为极显著正相关,表明CO、SO2、NO2对PM2.5浓度有显著影响. 相似文献
3.
植被的覆盖程度是造成雷达影像失相干的重要因素。通常,在森林等植被覆盖严重的地区,相干性相对较低,而在城市等植被覆盖率较低的地区,相干性较高。本文基于2017年珠江三角洲地区的MODIS归一化植被指数（NDVI）与Sentinel-1雷达卫星影像相干性,建立线性回归和幂函数回归模型,并利用两种模型预测该地区2016年的相干性,最后通过F分布检验及残差分布比较两者的精度。试验结果表明,总体上幂函数模型的精度在拟合及预测方面均高于线性函数模型,因此,本文建议以幂函模型作为相干性及NDVI的经验模型。利用幂函数经验模型不仅能够较好地预测2016年珠三角地区的相干性,同时在预测云南地区的相干性中也获得了较高的精度,因此证明该经验模型具有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
针对广东省县域经济发展不协调现状,该文以人均GDP为测度指标,利用空间自相关和标准差椭圆分析了2005-2017年广东省县域经济差异的时空格局演化,采用多元线性回归验证因子合理性,通过地理探测器定量分析影响广东省县域经济差异的主导因子和交互作用.结果 表明:①广东省县域经济发展整体差异明显,经济发展水平由珠三角地区向外围逐渐降低;②广东省经济发展水平相似的县域存在明显的空间聚类特征,珠三角地区对其他区域的极化效应减弱,溢出效应增强;③广东省县域经济发展重心由西南方向朝东南方向移动,东翼、西翼、山区相对于珠三角地区的经济增长速度加快;④城镇居民可支配收入、第三产业产值、地方财政收入、人均社会消费品零售额、铁路密度是影响广东省县域经济差异的主要因素. 相似文献
7.
8.
杭州地区2015年PM2.5浓度时空变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在2015年杭州地区11个地面观测站PM2.5质量浓度监测数据的基础上,结合MOD04_3K AOT产品,建立了利用AOT反演近地面PM2.5质量浓度的模型.利用实测和遥感反演数据共同分析了杭州市PM2.5质量浓度时空变化特征.分析结果表明,PM2.5质量浓度分布的日变化特征为:在杭州市中心城区,冬季、春季及秋季都存在典型的双峰变化,冬季、春季的峰值出现在9:00-12:00,秋季峰值出现在6:00-9:00;夏季表现出夜间浓度高于白天的特征.PM2.5质量浓度分布的季节性变化特征为:冬季＞春季＞秋季＞夏季.PM2.5质量浓度的空间分布格局为:杭州地区东北区域的浓度明显高于其他区域;杭州—富阳—桐庐沿线、杭州—临安沿线PM2.5质量浓度存在高浓度的分布条带,PM2.5质量浓度的空间分布与城镇化的格局相似.PM2.5质量浓度空间分布与地形和植被指数呈负相关,春季地形和植被指数对PM2.5浓度分布的抑制影响最大. 相似文献
9.
利用时间分布指数、动态度、变异系数、地理集中指数、Pearson系数等方法分析了珠三角城市群2010—2017年入境游客时空演变和影响因素.结果发现:1)珠三角城市群的入境游客数量呈现出波动上升的趋势,到访率保持平稳,且年际集中指数平均值为1.8,分布比较均匀;2)珠三角城市群入境游客地理集中指数相对较高,空间分布呈现广州-深圳的"双核"结构,后期"东强西弱"格局有加强的趋势;3)旅游服务及接待设施是主要影响因子,其次是经济发展程度、对外开放程度、交通距离、旅游资源禀赋. 相似文献
10.
基于MODIS数据的淮北地区云特性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2006年—2015年MODIS云产品数据(MYD06),对淮北地区不同云相态、不同相态云粒子有效半径和云顶温度逐月概率分布进行了统计对比分析,同时对四季云水路径逐年变化进行了研究。研究表明:淮北地区夏秋冬季水云出现的概率较高,春夏季冰云出现的概率较高。水云年均发生概率是冰云的近2倍,晴空和冰云相当,混合相态云较少。除7月份,水云有效半径概率逐月分布逐年有所变化,主要分布在5—30μm。冰云有效半径主要分布在15—35μm,且10年间4、5和8月份概率分布较为一致。混和相云有效半径主要分布在10—40μm,逐月发生概率在10—20μm和25—35μm出现两个峰值,这与水云和冰云不同,且在春秋冬较为明显。10年间淮北地区上空云水路径年均值低于300 g/m~2。冬季年均云水路径相对较低且逐年呈现减少的趋势。春秋冬季云顶温度逐月概率分布逐年变化较大。春冬季冷云发生的概率较大,夏秋季暖云出现的概率要高于冷云。 相似文献
11.
定量分析气溶胶与痕量气体之间的时空变化关系有助于进一步研究气粒转化。本文采用2006年—2015年MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子模态比(FMF)和OMI痕量气体(SO_2、NO_2和HCHO)数据,对黄海、东海和南海区域上空的细粒子气溶胶与痕量气体进行定量分析。先对气溶胶和痕量气体作均值分析发现:AOD_(fine)、SO_2、NO_2和HCHO的均值在黄海、南海、东海均依次减小;再对气溶胶对痕量气体的敏感度分析发现:黄海地区的AOD_(fine)对SO_2最敏感,敏感度为0.424,这与中国东部沿海城市的人为排放有关;而东海和南海地区对HCHO的敏感度较高,依次为0.664和0.545,主要受东南亚和中国南方地区生物质燃烧影响。最后,对3个区域的气溶胶与痕量气体按季节作相关性分析发现:黄海地区AOD_(fine)在夏秋两季与SO_2的相关性较强(R0.5),主要由于夏秋两季的温湿度大,利于发生气—粒转化;东海地区夏季HCHO与AOD_(fine)相关性较明显(R=0.57);南海春季HCHO与AOD_(fine)相关性较好(R=0.57),呈现出区域与季节性的变化。最终发现,气溶胶与痕量气体随着时空变化存在相关关系。 相似文献
12.
This paper presents a geographic information systems (GIS) model to relate biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) isoprene emissions to ecosystem type, as well as environmental drivers such as light intensity, temperature, landscape factor and foliar density. Data and techniques have recently become available which can permit new improved estimates of isoprene emissions over Hong Kong. The techniques are based on Guenther et al., 1993, Guenther et al., 1999 model. The spatially detailed mapping of isoprene emissions over Hong Kong at a resolution of 100 m and a database has been constructed for retrieval of the isoprene maps from February 2007 to January 2008. This approach assigns emission rates directly to ecosystem types not to individual species, since unlike in temperate regions where one or two single species may dominate over large regions, Hong Kong's vegetation is extremely diverse with up to 300 different species in 1 ha. Field measurements of emissions by canister sampling obtained a range of ambient emissions according to different climatic conditions for Hong Kong's main ecosystem types in both urban and rural areas, and these were used for model validation. Results show the model-derived isoprene flux to have high to moderate correlations with field observations (i.e. r2 = 0.77, r2 = 0.63, r2 = 0.37 for all 24 field measurements, subset for summer, and winter data, respectively) which indicate the robustness of the approach when applied to tropical forests at detailed level, as well as the promising role of remote sensing in isoprene mapping. The GIS model and raster database provide a simple and low cost estimation of the BVOC isoprene in Hong Kong at detailed level. City planners and environmental authorities may use the derived models for estimating isoprene transportation, and its interaction with anthropogenic pollutants in urban areas. 相似文献
13.
Urbanisation generates greater population densities and an increase in anthropogenic heat generation. These factors elevate the urban–rural air temperature (Ta) difference, thus generating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Ta is used in the fields of public health and epidemiology to quantify deaths attributable to heat in cities around the world: the presence of UHI can exacerbate exposure to high temperatures during summer periods, thereby increasing the risk of heat-related mortality. Measuring and monitoring the spatial patterns of Ta in urban contexts is challenging due to the lack of a good network of weather stations. This study aims to produce a parsimonious model to retrieve maximum Ta (Tmax) at high spatio-temporal resolution using Earth Observation (EO) satellite data. The novelty of this work is twofold: (i) it will produce daily estimations of Tmax for London at 1 km2 during the summertime between 2006 and 2017 using advanced statistical techniques and satellite-derived predictors, and (ii) it will investigate for the first time the predictive power of the gradient boosting algorithm to estimate Tmax for an urban area. In this work, 6 regression models were calibrated with 6 satellite products, 3 geospatial features, and 29 meteorological stations. Stepwise linear regression was applied to create 9 groups of predictors, which were trained and tested on each regression method. This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning algorithms to predict Tmax: the gradient boosting model with a group of five predictors (land surface temperature, Julian day, normalised difference vegetation index, digital elevation model, solar zenith angle) was the regression model with the best performance (R² = 0.68, MAE = 1.60 °C, and RMSE = 2.03 °C). This methodological approach is capable of being replicated in other UK cities, benefiting national heat-related mortality assessments since the data (provided by NASA and the UK Met Office) and programming languages (Python) sources are free and open. This study provides a framework to produce a high spatio-temporal resolution of Tmax, assisting public health researchers to improve the estimation of mortality attributable to high temperatures. In addition, the research contributes to practice and policy-making by enhancing the understanding of the locations where mortality rates may increase due to heat. Therefore, it enables a more informed decision-making process towards the prioritisation of actions to mitigate heat-related mortality amongst the vulnerable population. 相似文献
14.
卫星观测不仅能反映区域宏观大气污染状况,也能从城市尺度上监测大气污染物的变化。基于以上优势,本文利用MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和OMI对流层NO_2垂直柱浓度数据,比较2015年与2012年—2014年以及2015年3个时期(减排前、减排中、减排后)AOD和NO_2柱浓度的变化,定性分析了阅兵期间华北平原地区污染物减排效果,重点定量评估北京市联控减排措施的效果。研究发现2015年减排中华北平原重污染地区AOD和NO_2柱浓度相比于前3年同期有明显降低。定量分析北京市的减排效果得到:2015年减排中较前3年同期而言,AOD降低59%,NO_2柱浓度降低41%;较2015年减排前而言,AOD降低73%,NO_2柱浓度降低30%,去除气象条件影响后,AOD下降43%,NO_2柱浓度下降21%,说明严格的联控减排措施有效地改善了空气质量,气象条件也起到积极的作用。减排措施结束后,AOD和NO_2柱浓度比减排中分别增加159%和71%。研究结果表明,卫星遥感与地基监测评估效果相当,能反映北京地面污染物排放能力;它既能观测区域尺度大气污染变化,又可评估城市尺度大气污染减排。随着卫星技术水平的提高,期望未来卫星遥感可作为一种独立手段来定量评估区域及城市尺度空气质量减排措施的效果。 相似文献
15.
I. N. Tziavos 《Journal of Geodesy》1987,61(2):177-197
Mean gravity anomalies, deflections of the vertical, and a geopotential model complete to degree and order180 are combined in order to determine geoidal heights in the area bounded by [34°≦ϕ≤42°, 18°≦λ≦28°]. Moreover, employing point
gravity anomalies simultaneously with the above data, an attempt is made to predict deflections of the vertical in the same
area. The method used in the computations is least squares collocation. Using empirical covariance functions for the data,
the suitable errors for the different sources of observations, and the optimum cap radius around each point of evaluation,
an accuracy better than±0.60m for geoidal heights and±1″.5 for deflections of the vertical is obtained taking into account existing systematic effects. This accuracy refers to the
comparison between observed and predicted values. 相似文献
16.
S. Saran R. Joshi S. Sharma H. Padalia V. K. Dadhwal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(3):535-547
The study explores the use of multiple criteria decision techniques in predicting spatial niche of Brown oak (also known as
Kharsu oak, Quercus semecarpifolia Sm.) formation in midaltitude (2,400–3,500 meter amsl) Kumaun Himalaya. Predictive models using various climatic and topographical
factors influencing Brown oak’s growth and survival were developed to define its current ecological niche. Analytical Hierarchical
Process (AHP) method involving Saaty’s pair-wise comparison was performed to rank the explanatory powers of each compared
variable. Variables were suitably weighted using fuzzy factor standardization scheme to reflect their relative importance
in defining species niche. An optimum indicator was then chosen for deriving a site suitability map of brown oak. This study
establishes the role of aspect in the current distribution of the species along with known influence of altitude. Future niches
of oak has been tracked in the projected climate change scenario of +1°C and +2°C rise in temperature and 20 mm in precipitation.
The results show that on predicted +1°C and +2°C increase in temperature, present habitat of brown oak distribution may be
reduced by 40 per cent and 76 per cent respectively. 相似文献
17.
FY-3C微波成像仪海面温度产品算法及精度检验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
海洋表面温度(SST)是海洋学和气候学一个十分重要的物理因子,而卫星被动微波遥感能够穿透云层,实现全天候、大范围观测,因此利用中国FY-3C微波成像仪(MWRI)反演SST具有重要意义。FY-3C MWRI SST产品采用统计算法,首先利用MWRI降水和海冰产品剔除含降水和海冰的像元,之后选择时空间隔0.2 h和0.2°离海岸100 km以外的FY-3C MWRI观测亮温与浮标观测值进行匹配,再将全球在空间上分为4个纬度带,时间上分为12个月,并分升轨和降轨,分别建立浮标海温观测结果和MWRI亮温之间的统计关系,实现对SST的估算。将|估算海温-30年月平均海温|≥2.5 K的像元标识为51,发现这些像元基本分布在陆地边缘地区及大风速地区,剔除标识为51的像元后的精度验证结果表明:与全球浮标资料相比,FY-3C MWRI SST轨道产品升轨精度为–0.02±1.22 K,降轨精度为–0.15±1.28 K;与全球分析场日平均海温OISST相比,FY-3C MWRI SST日产品升轨精度为0.00±1.03 K,降轨精度为–0.09±1.08 K。微波辐射计的性能及其定位定标精度、上游卫星产品(降水检测和海冰检测)的精度、陆地的干扰及高风速对微波信号的影响均会造成SST估算误差,如何改进算法中风速大于12 m/s时的估算精度是下一步的工作重点。 相似文献
18.
R. H. Rapp 《Journal of Geodesy》1969,43(1):47-80
A set of2261 5°×5° mean anomalies were used alone and with satellite determined harmonic coefficients of the Smithsonian' Institution to determine
the geopotential expansion to various degrees. The basic adjustment was carried out by comparing a terrestrial anomaly to
an anomaly determined from an assumed set of coefficients. The (14, 14) solution was found to agree within ±3 m of a detailed geoid in the United States computed using1°×1° anomalies for an inner area and satellite determined anomalies in an outer area. Additional comparisons were made to the
input anomaly field to consider the accuracy of various harmonic coefficient solutions.
A by-product of this investigation was a new γE=978.0463 gals in the Potsdam system or978.0326 gals in an absolute system if −13.7 mgals is taken as the Potsdam correction. Combining this value of γE withf=1/298.25, KM=3.9860122·10
22
cm
3
/sec
2
, the consistent equatorial radius was found to be6378143 m. 相似文献
19.
为探讨1996年以来华北平原对流层NO_2柱浓度变化的空间特征,基于GOME、SCIAMACHY和OMI卫星传感器的监测数据,以SCIAMACHY的NO_2柱浓度为基准,根据建立的GOME和SCIAMACHY,SCIAMACHY和OMI之间的相关关系,校正GOME和OMI监测的NO_2数据;利用线性正弦曲线模型拟合方法研究1996年—2016年长时间序列华北平原对流层NO_2变化的空间分布特征。结果显示,华北平原对流层NO_2浓度自1996年开始持续上升,到2011年达到最高值,然后呈现下降趋势。该变化趋势主要受经济发展和环保政策的双重影响。1996年—2011年,NO_2柱浓度高值区分布在北京市、天津市、河北唐山市和保定市、山东德州市和济南市、安徽滁州市以及江苏南京市、常州市和无锡市,并且具有较高增长率;2012年—2016年NO_2柱浓度平均值远高于1996年—2011年NO_2柱浓度平均值,高值地区范围扩大,分布在河北南部、河南北部和山东西部,但华北平原地区NO_2柱浓度均呈现负增长,表明"十二五"规划提出的大气环保政策取得了显著成效。同时,对流层NO_2柱浓度可以反映典型环保事件如北京奥运会、国庆阅兵和南京青奥会时期大气环保政策的实施效果。 相似文献