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1.
城市扩展强度及其地表热特性遥感定量分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
城市化将自然景观转变为不同土地利用的城市景观,改变了地表的物理特性。因此,有关城市扩张及其对环境的影响的准确信息具有广泛的应用价值。利用遥感技术监测土地利用变化成为城市环境研究的重要内容,然而利用遥感技术定量提取城市扩展及其强度的定量信息仍存在许多挑战。本文提出了定量确定城市扩展范围及其发展强度的新方法——地图密度指数。并以中部城市——长沙为例,利用Landsat TM/ETM+数据定量评价了城市扩张及其热环境特征的变化。首先,集成遥感光谱指数提取地表非渗透表面,然后利用移动窗口算法获得地图密度指数,再根据设定的阈值获得密度指数等级图,依此密度指数等级图识别城市扩展范围及其发展强度。再结合地表温度反演的数据,分析了城市格局及其变化与地表热特性变化的定量关系。结果表明,自1990年代以来,长沙市城市区域及其发展密度显著增加,城市发展的密度差异与地表温度相一致。 地图密度指数能较好刻画城市扩展范围及其发展强度,并与地表温度空间分布存在较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

2.
针对目前城市建设与地表热岛效应定量关系尚不明确的问题,该文利用Landsat遥感影像反演武汉主城区地表温度(LST)、提取不透水面率(ISA)值,并将ISA值按照一定阈值划分城市建设密度,探讨不同城市建设密度水平下热岛强度的变化;构建平均ISA与LST间的数量关系,明确城市热环境特征对城市建设的定量响应。结果表明:①1987—2016年间武汉主城区发展迅速,城市高密度建设范围从1987年的130.0 km~2增加到2016年的366.9 km~2,29年间增加了188.2%;②不同建设密度用地表现出不同程度的热岛强度,高密度、中密度和低密度建设水平对应的热岛强度分别为2.72~8.39℃,2.02~5.69℃和0.92~3.82℃;③LST与平均ISA呈现出明显的正向线性关系,两者拟合方程的系数为0.853~0.942;城市建设水平能很好地解释城市地表温度的空间变化,平均ISA每增加10%,地表温度上升0.35~0.85℃。  相似文献   

3.
基于多目标遥感信息处理的城市扩展监测与分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
基于徐州市1994年、2002年和2007年的多时相Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,利用建筑用地指数(IBI)提取城市建筑用地信息,通过监督分类获得城市土地覆盖网,由单窗算法反演地表温度.利用多目标遥感信息处理得到的建筑用地分布、土地覆盖图和地表热环境信息,从土地利用结构变化、城市热环境时空演变两个方面分析了徐州市城市扩展动态,表明徐州市建成区面积不断扩大,城市扩展速度进一步加快,土地利用类型相互转换频繁;城市热岛现象显著,热岛分布与城市建筑用地的轮廓基本吻合,建筑用地不断增加是热岛效应加重的主要因素.研究表明,综合土地覆盖分类、专题信息提取和地表参数定量反演的多目标遥感信息处理用于监测分析城市扩展与生态环境响应具有明显的优越性.  相似文献   

4.
采用上海市2006年的MODIS LST影像,通过地表温度生成四季的热场强度指数图,对上海市的热岛空间分布的季节变化进行研究.研究表明,上海市热岛强度和热岛范围在季节分布上以夏季最为强烈,春季次之,秋季和冬季热岛范围和强度明显弱于夏季和春季.再结合植被覆盖度(FCOVER),分析两者的空间关系,表明两者存在一定的负相关性.其结果对城市的绿地规划和缓解城市热岛效应具有一定的指导意义.  相似文献   

5.
针对城市热岛效应的各类影响因素,该文主要关注城市三维形态与城市热环境的关系,并研究这种关系因建筑高度、密度、季节而变化的原因.作为重要的城市结构参数,天空可视因子能够较好地描述建筑物的三维形态,并可以表征有效太阳辐射吸收强度.因此,该文结合建筑物高度数据集和半球模型计算天空可视因子,并利用Landsat-8热红外波段和辐射传输模型反演地表温度,然后分析了天空可视因子与地表温度在不同季节的相关性.选择地表异质性较高的北京核心建成区作为研究区,并按照不同建筑高度和密度选择4个实验区.实验结果表明,天空可视因子与地表温度的关系存在季节差异,冬季两者的相关性更强.通过对4个实验区的定量分析可知,实验区a中天空可视因子与地表温度夏季是正相关,冬季是非线性关系;实验区b和c中是两者的关系正相关;而实验区d中无明显相关趋势.所以,建筑物的高度与密度对天空可视因子与地表温度的关系有显著影响,并且这种关系随季节变化而不同.  相似文献   

6.
杭州湾南岸城市群热岛效应研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以杭州湾南岸城市群为研究区,选取1990、2000和2011年3期Landsat-5 TM遥感影像进行地表温度反演,并采用密度分割法对反演的地表温度影像进行等级划分,对比分析各个时期地表温度分布的空间规律。再提取研究区山地以外的平坦区域,对前后不同时期的地表温度做差值运算,分析地表温度随时间的升降变化。最后提取研究区内的城市建成区,通过计算各时期的热岛比例指数来分析各城市热岛强度的变化情况。  相似文献   

7.
随着我国城镇化和工业化进程越来越快,城市规模不断扩大,郊区土地城镇化,大量的天然绿地被侵占转变为人造地表.人造地表主要以比热容大的硬化水泥和施工中的裸露地为主,随着人造地表的不断扩展和绿地以及水体面积缩小,城市的热效应越来越严重.城市中的空气温度是基本处于平衡,但是地表温度受到地表物质的影响而差异较大,城市地表热平衡差显著,严重影响了城市生活环境.研究以南宁市为例,利用卫星热红外遥感影像反演获得城市的地表温度,并利用地理国情普查数据获得各个区域的地表覆盖地类状况,通过分区域对比的方法进行统计分析,获得城市地表地类与热效应的关系.该研究对于城市规划和热效应控制有重要的参考价值.  相似文献   

8.
黄曦涛  张瑜 《测绘科学》2021,46(9):144-149
针对城市热岛效应强度定量化评价困难以及热岛效应与地表地表的定量关系问题,利用多期LANDSAT遥感影像,基于单通道算法反演了地表温度,基于指数法快速提取地表分类要素,引入分布指数的概念构建了热岛分布指数P的算法,并以西安市为例验证方法精度与可行性,分析了西安市热岛效应的分布与变化规律.该方法实现了地表地表与热岛效应空间关系的定量化,温度反演与地表分类精度符合要求,能够用于宏观热岛效应强度定量分析评价.研究结果表明:西安市的城市热岛效应强度1995-2000年呈下降趋势,20002010年持续上升,2010年之后下降并趋于平稳,与城市发展实际基本相符.  相似文献   

9.
城市热环境是反映城市环境状况的一个重要指标,本研究基于济南市快速城市化时期的Landsat-8遥感影像,利用遥感图像处理软件IDL8.5反演2016年济南市的地表温度(LST),得到济南市地表温度空间分布格局;并利用NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据提取济南市主要建成区范围及郊区范围,同时利用MODIS 8天温度产品,根据城郊温差法计算得到济南市主要建成区热岛强度信息,探究热岛强度的月及季节变化规律。研究发现白天热岛强度变化规律比较明显,夜间热岛强度比较稳定。同时,利用2016年谷歌影像提取济南市地表水体的分布数据,并采用剖面取样的方法在地表温度分布图上做出样点与其对应地表温度的分布曲线,研究发现水体和绿化植被的存在能显著地减缓城市热岛效应。  相似文献   

10.
针对以往城市热环境与不透水面聚集密度响应规律研究不足的问题,本文以北京市为例,基于MODIS 数据计算城建区与边缘区平均温度差值为热岛强度,结合热岛强度等级特征,选取热岛强度等级期望值较高的6个典型区域(Ⅰ西二旗、西三旗、回龙观,Ⅱ东四、地安门、新街口,Ⅲ丰台区中部,Ⅳ四惠、定福庄、东坝,Ⅴ石景山区,Ⅵ北四环四季青桥附近),研究热岛强度等级与不透水面聚集密度的响应关系;进而利用Landsat数据反演地表温度,研究城建区与精细尺度下地表温度对不透水面聚集密度响应临界点与最优尺度。结果表明:(1)不同热岛强度等级的出现频率、其在白天与夜间的变化程度与不透水面聚集密度有一定相关性,且相近的不透水面聚集密度下所表现出热岛强度的变化特征相似。(2)主要城建区内地表平均温度与不透水面聚集密度的分布特征存在较显著的一致性,随着尺度半径r的增大其响应越明显。且地表温度对不透水面聚集密度的响应存在一个临界点,随着尺度半径r减小,响应临界点逐渐增大:尺度半径r=1000 m时,不透水面聚集密度达到60%后其影响趋于减弱;r=500 m、r=300 m时临界点分别为69%与83%。(3)不同典型区域的最优尺度存在差异,西二旗、西三旗、回龙观最优尺度为150 m,东四、地安门、新街口与四环四季青桥附近为60 m,而季节变化对最优尺度的影响较小。该最优尺度可在一定程度上衡量不同区域不透水面分布的破碎程度及地表类型的单一程度。本研究可为城市规划与管理、城市热岛治理提供参考依据。  相似文献   

11.
基于GIS的城市居住适宜性评价研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
黄宇  罗智勇  杨武年 《测绘科学》2008,33(1):126-129
经过认真分析传统城市居住适宜性评价方法之后,本文提出了基于GIS技术的城市居住适宜性评价方法。运用层次分析方法(AHP)建立城市居住适宜性评价指标体系,通过GIS空间分析生成符合评价指标体系的派生数据集,对该数据集重新分类后消除量纲的影响,使得各项指标之间具有量值可比性。最后按照评价模型中各指标的权重对各成本数据进行叠加,生成城市居住适宜性评价专题图。实验结果表明该方法提高了工作效率和评价结果的准确性,实现了评价结果的可视化分析研究,为城市总体规划,房地产开发、居民购房以及商业分析提供参考。  相似文献   

12.
Remotely-sensed data products have got unique advantage over conventional data-gathering techniques in the study of urban morphology. The physical parameters like built-up area density, street pattern, population density, urban structure as well as functional characteristics which can be derived from land use/land cover map, are clearly visible on aerial data products. This technique provides synoptic view of the area which makes the study comprehensive and uniform. Sequential aerial photographs and satellite imagery help in studying the growth of urban area and temporal changes in urban structure. These informations are very useful in the planning of city extension. Here an attempt has been made to study the urban morphology of Saharanpur city by using panchromatic aerial photographs on scale 1∶10,000, IRS-1B LISS II geocoded imagery on 1∶50,000 scale and photo-maps on 1∶4000 scale, and the results are very encouraging.  相似文献   

13.
研究结合重庆市主城区2011-2017年高分辨率遥感影像和相关地形图、规划资料及交通专题资料信息等,提取城市路网和城市建设用地数据,基于GIS操作平台,采用空间核密度方法分析主城区城市路网时空演变特征,探索城市路网空间分布规律,以街道(镇)为研究单元分析城市道路与城市用地扩张之间的耦合关系,为合理规划交通道路布局,促进城市扩张与道路网络的协调发展提供了重要参考依据。结果表明,主城区城市路网分布具有空间不均衡性特征,路网演变有明显的方向性,以东西两翼带状区域变化为主,路网密度变化集中在低密度区。与城市用地扩张相关性研究中发现,城市路网是城市扩张的主要驱动力之一,路网中密度区域对城市扩张的驱动效应最明显。  相似文献   

14.
Urban areas are of paramount significance to both the individuals and communities at local and regional scales. However, the rapid growth of urban areas exerts effects on climate, biodiversity, hydrology, and natural ecosystems worldwide. Therefore, regular and up-to-date information related to urban extent is necessary to monitor the impacts of urban areas at local, regional, and potentially global scales. This study presents a new urban map of Eurasia at 500 m resolution using multi-source geospatial data, including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data of 2013, population density of 2012, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime lights of 2012, and constructed Impervious Surface Area (ISA) data of 2010. The Eurasian urban map was created using the threshold method for these data, combined with references of fine resolution Landsat and Google Earth imagery. The resultant map was compared with nine global urban maps and was validated using random sampling method. Results of the accuracy assessment showed high overall accuracy of the new urban map of 94%. This urban map is one product of the 20 land cover classes of the next version of Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organizations.  相似文献   

15.
The urban environment has been dramatically changed by artificial constructions. How the modified urban geometry affects the urban climate and therefore human thermal comfort has become a primary concern for urban planners. The present study takes a simulation approach to analyze the influence of urban geometry on the urban climate and maps this climatic understanding from a quantitative perspective. A geographical building database is used to characterize two widely discussed aspects: urban heat island effect (UHI) and wind dynamics. The parameters of the sky view factor (SVF) and the frontal area density (FAD) are simulated using ArcGIS-embedded computer programs to link urban geometry with the UHI and wind dynamic conditions. The simulated results are synergized and classified to evaluate different urban climatic conditions based on thermal comfort consideration. A climatic map is then generated implementing the classification. The climatic map shows reasonable agreement with thermal comfort understanding, as indicated by the biometeorological index of the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) obtained in an earlier study. The proposed climate mapping approach can provide both quantitative and visual evaluation of the urban environment for urban planners with climatic concerns. The map could be used as a decision support tool in planning and policy-making processes. An urban area in Hong Kong is used as a case study.  相似文献   

16.
采用地形图和MSS/TM,SPOT5卫星遥感数据,提取城市建成区范围,计算多种城市扩展指数,研究分析了1976~2010年上虞城市用地扩展情况。研究发现,20世纪70年代至21世纪10年代,上虞城市用地扩展面积和强度在最初爆发性增长后,保持高位稳定。城市紧凑度指数持续降低,城市分形维度在大幅下降后保持稳定,城市发展日益复杂化,边缘日益曲折、破碎化。今后市政规划建设应着力发展建设城市用地边缘离散曲折之处,提高城市紧凑度,降低分形维度,从而提高城市区域市政服务职能效率。  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

Information on urban settlements is crucial for sustainability planning and management. While remote sensing has been used to derive such information, its applicability can be compromised due to the complexity in the urban environment. In this study, we developed a remote sensing method to map land cover types in a large Latin-American city, which is well known for its mushrooming unplanned and informal settlements. After carefully considering the landscape complexity there, we designed a data fusion method combining multispectral imagery and non-spectral data for urban and land mapping. Specifically, we acquired a cloud-free Landsat-8 image and two non-spectral datasets, i.e., digital elevation models and road networks. Then, we implemented a set of experiments with different inputs to evaluate their merits in thematic mapping through a supervised protocol. We found that the map generated with the multispectral data alone had an overall accuracy of 73.3% but combining multispectral imagery and non-spectral data yielded a land cover map with 90.7% overall accuracy. Interestingly, the thermal infrared information helped substantially improve both the overall and categorical accuracies, particularly for the two urban classes. The two types of non-spectral data were critical in resolving several spectrally confused categories, thus considerably increasing the mapping accuracy. However, the panchromatic band with higher spatial resolution and its derived textural measurement only generated a marginal accuracy improvement. The novelties of our work are with the successful separation between the two major types of urban settlements in a complex environment using a carefully designed data fusion approach and the insight into the relative merits of the thermal infrared information and non-spectral data in helping resolve the issue of class ambiguity. These findings should be valuable in deriving accurate urban settlement information which can further advance the research on socio-ecological dynamics and urban sustainability.  相似文献   

18.
An improved methodology for the extraction and mapping of urban built-up areas at a global scale is presented in this study. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based multispectral data were combined with the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)-based nighttime light (NTL) data for robust extraction and mapping of urban built-up areas. The MODIS-based newly proposed Urban Built-up Index (UBI) was combined with NTL data, and the resulting Enhanced UBI (EUBI) was used as a single master image for global extraction of urban built-up areas. Due to higher variation of the EUBI with respect to geographical regions, a region-specific threshold approach was used to extract urban built-up areas. This research provided 500-m-resolution global urban built-up map of year 2014. The resulted map was compared with three existing moderate-resolution global maps and one high-resolution map in the United States. The comparative analysis demonstrated finer details of the urban built-up cover estimated by the resultant map.  相似文献   

19.
A linear regression solution to the spatial autocorrelation problem   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
The Moran Coefficient spatial autocorrelation index can be decomposed into orthogonal map pattern components. This decomposition relates it directly to standard linear regression, in which corresponding eigenvectors can be used as predictors. This paper reports comparative results between these linear regressions and their auto-Gaussian counterparts for the following georeferenced data sets: Columbus (Ohio) crime, Ottawa-Hull median family income, Toronto population density, southwest Ohio unemployment, Syracuse pediatric lead poisoning, and Glasgow standard mortality rates, and a small remotely sensed image of the High Peak district. This methodology is extended to auto-logistic and auto-Poisson situations, with selected data analyses including percentage of urban population across Puerto Rico, and the frequency of SIDs cases across North Carolina. These data analytic results suggest that this approach to georeferenced data analysis offers considerable promise. Received: 18 February 1999/Accepted: 17 September 1999  相似文献   

20.
朝鲜人口统计数据空间化是解决朝鲜统计数据与自然要素数据融合分析的重要途径。基于朝鲜市郡级人口普查数据,将GIS空间分析技术与统计学方法相结合,分析了朝鲜人口密度与空间因子的关系,采用多元回归的方法建立了朝鲜人口密度空间化模型,在GIS平台中实现了朝鲜人口密度的空间格网化模拟,并利用地理探测器对影响朝鲜人口密度空间分布因素的决定力进行了有效探测。结果表明,多元回归模型拟合精度达到0.769,生成的栅格人口密度数据与朝鲜三级行政区人口统计数据保持一致。同时,影响该地区人口密度的因子依次为道路网密度、居民点密度、居民地指数、海拔、坡度和耕地指数。  相似文献   

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