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1.
Janne Heiskanen Miina Rautiainen Lauri Korhonen Matti Mõttus Pauline Stenberg 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Spectral invariants provide a novel approach for characterizing canopy structure in forest reflectance models and for mapping biophysical variables using satellite images. We applied a photon recollision probability (p) based forest reflectance model (PARAS) to retrieve leaf area index (LAI) from fine resolution SPOT HRVIR and Landsat ETM+ satellite data. First, PARAS was parameterized using an extensive database of LAI-2000 measurements from five conifer-dominated boreal forest sites in Finland, and mixtures of field-measured forest understory spectra. The selected vegetation indices (e.g. reduced simple ratio, RSR), neural networks and kNN method were used to retrieve effective LAI (Le) based on reflectance model simulations. For comparison, we established empirical vegetation index-LAI regression models for our study sites. The empirical RSR–Le regression performed best when applied to an independent test site in southern Finland [RMSE 0.57 (24.2%)]. However, the difference to the best reflectance model based retrievals produced by neural networks was only marginal [RMSE 0.59 (25.1%)]. According to this study, the PARAS model provides a simple and flexible modelling tool for calibrating algorithms for LAI retrieval in conifer-dominated boreal forests. The advantage of PARAS is that it directly uses field measurements to parameterize canopy structure (LAI-2000, hemispherical photographs) and optical properties of foliage and understory. 相似文献
2.
森林郁闭度是森林资源调查中的一个重要因子,对森林质量评价具有重要作用。随着人工智能技术和遥感技术的不断发展,研究如何利用深度学习有效协同不同空间覆盖能力的遥感数据实现区域森林郁闭度的估测具有重要意义。由此提出了一种协同应用高密度无人机激光雷达和高空间分辨率卫星遥感数据,对区域森林郁闭度进行定量估测的深度学习模型（UnetR）。对用于图像分类的Unet模型的损失函数进行改进,并在卷积层后加入批量归一化层,使其具有对连续变量进行定量估测的能力。与全卷积神经网络、随机森林和支持向量机回归模型进行对比实验。结果表明, UnetR模型的均方根误差较低,估测精度较高,为实现区域森林郁闭度遥感监测提供了一种人力成本低、自动化程度高的估测方法。 相似文献
3.
亚热带森林参数的机载激光雷达估测 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
通过应用机载激光雷达数据,在分析云南省中部的78块样地的基础上提出2个预测森林不同生物特性的统计模型(加权平均高度的预测模型和生物量的预测模型),并讨论了预测结果及其精确性。从激光雷达数据中提取了2组变量(树冠高度变量组和植被密度变量组)作为自变量,采用逐步回归方法进行自变量选择。结果表明,激光雷达数据与森林的平均树高和地上各部分生物量有很强的相关性。对于3种不同森林类型(针叶林,阔叶林和混交林),平均树高估测均能达到比较高的精度;生物量的估测结果是针叶林优于阔叶林,混交林的生物量与激光雷达数据则没有明显相关性。最后,对回归分析的结果和影响预测精度的因素进行讨论,认为预测结果的精度可能与森林类型、激光雷达采样时间和采样密度以及坐标误差等因素有关。 相似文献
4.
神经网络在卫星钟差短期预报中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文针对卫星钟差的特点,提出了基于神经网络的卫星钟差短期预报模型,给出了基于径向基函数(RBF)网络进行卫星钟差预测的基本思想、预测模型和实施步骤,并对比分析了神经网络模型与灰色系统理论模型的区别.为验证本文提出的预报模型的可行性和有效性,利用GPS卫星钟差数据进行钟差预报精度分析,并与灰色系统模型进行对比分析.仿真结... 相似文献
5.
Forest canopy density stratification using biophysical modeling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Forest canopy density is an important parameter to assess the ecological conditionsviz, light penetration through canopy, undergrowth, surface reflectance, rainfall interception, etc. in a forest landscape. The rate of change in the cover and density has increased due to human need for fuel and fodder. Hence, quick, repetitive and accurate information about forest density is required at the local, regional, state and national levels for sustainable forest management. Satellite remote sensing has the potential to provide information on the forest canopy closure. The present study aims at forest canopy density mapping using satellite remote sensing data using three techniques: visual interpretation (VI), object oriented image segmentation (OOIS) and biophysical modeling (BM). On comparing the techniques, the BM has been found to be the better density mapping technique than other two in terms of accuracy, efficiency and high correlation with ground estimates. 相似文献
6.
Forest canopy height is an important indicator of forest carbon storage, productivity, and biodiversity. The present study showed the first attempt to develop a machine-learning workflow to map the spatial pattern of the forest canopy height in a mountainous region in the northeast China by coupling the recently available canopy height (Hcanopy) footprint product from ICESat-2 with the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite data. The ICESat-2 Hcanopy was initially validated by the high-resolution canopy height from airborne LiDAR data at different spatial scales. Performance comparisons were conducted between two machine-learning models – deep learning (DL) model and random forest (RF) model, and between the Sentinel and Landsat-8 satellites. Results showed that the ICESat-2 Hcanopy showed the highest correlation with the airborne LiDAR canopy height at a spatial scale of 250 m with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) of 0.82 and a mean bias of -1.46 m, providing important evidence on the reliability of the ICESat-2 vegetation height product from the case in China’s forest. Both DL and RF models obtained satisfactory accuracy on the upscaling of ICESat-2 Hcanopy assisted by Sentinel satellite co-variables with an R-value between the observed and predicted Hcanopy equalling 0.78 and 0.68, respectively. Compared to Sentinel satellites, Landsat-8 showed relatively weaker performance in Hcanopy prediction, suggesting that the addition of the backscattering coefficients from Sentinel-1 and the red-edge related variables from Sentinel-2 could positively contribute to the prediction of forest canopy height. To our knowledge, few studies have demonstrated large-scale vegetation height mapping in a resolution ≤ 250 m based on the newly available satellites (ICESat-2, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) and DL regression model, particularly in the forest areas in China. Thus, the present work provided a timely and important supplementary to the applications of these new earth observation tools. 相似文献
7.
GLAS星载激光雷达和Landsat/ETM+数据的森林生物量估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于大脚印激光雷达数据和野外观测数据,该文提出一种获取脚印点内森林生物量的新思路,并结合陆地卫星数据应用于长白山地区森林地上生物量估算。首先,基于3种森林类型(针叶林、阔叶林和针阔混交林),采用多元逐步回归方法建立激光雷达波形指数与脚印点内实测平均树高的回归模型,估算全部脚印点内的平均树高;然后根据脚印点内样方的野外观测数据(平均树高和平均胸径)以及它们与样方生物量的拟合方程估算没有野外调查数据对应的脚印点的生物量;最后对3种森林类型的脚印点森林生物量在各森林覆盖度条件下进行分层分区统计得到生物量等级图。验证比较遥感估算的生物量与野外调查数据推算的生物量,总体误差在0~30(t·hm~(-2))之间,均方根误差为14.66(t·hm~(-2))。 相似文献
8.
Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) [polar motion and length of day (LOD), or UT1–UTC] were predicted by artificial neural
networks. EOP series from various sources, e.g. the C04 series from the International Earth Rotation Service and the re-analysis
optical astrometry series based on the HIPPARCOS frame, served for training the neural network for both short-term and long-term
predictions. At first, all effects which can be described by functional models, e.g. effects of the solid Earth tides and
the ocean tides or seasonal atmospheric variations of the EOPs, were removed. Only the differences between the modeled and
the observed EOPs, i.e. the quasi-periodic and irregular variations, were used for training and prediction. The Stuttgart
neural network simulator, which is a very powerful software tool developed at the University of Stuttgart, was applied to
construct and to validate different types of neural networks in order to find the optimal topology of the net, the most economical
learning algorithm and the best procedure to feed the net with data patterns. The results of the prediction were analyzed
and compared with those obtained by other methods. The accuracy of the prediction is equal to or even better than that by
other prediction methods.
Received: 6 February 2001 / Accepted: 23 October 2001 相似文献
9.
Moses Azong Cho Andrew K. Skidmore Istiak Sobhan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009
Estimating forest structural attributes using multispectral remote sensing is challenging because of the saturation of multispectral indices at high canopy cover. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of hyperspectral data in estimating and mapping forest structural parameters including mean diameter-at-breast height (DBH), mean tree height and tree density of a closed canopy beech forest (Fagus sylvatica L.). Airborne HyMap images and data on forest structural attributes were collected from the Majella National Park, Italy in July 2004. The predictive performances of vegetation indices (VI) derived from all possible two-band combinations (VI(i,j) = (Ri − Rj)/(Ri + Rj), where Ri and Rj = reflectance in any two bands) were evaluated using calibration (n = 33) and test (n = 20) data sets. The potential of partial least squares (PLS) regression, a multivariate technique involving several bands was also assessed. New VIs based on the contrast between reflectance in the red-edge shoulder (756–820 nm) and the water absorption feature centred at 1200 nm (1172–1320 nm) were found to show higher correlations with the forest structural parameters than standard VIs derived from NIR and visible reflectance (i.e. the normalised difference vegetation index, NDVI). PLS regression showed a slight improvement in estimating the beech forest structural attributes (prediction errors of 27.6%, 32.6% and 46.4% for mean DBH, height and tree density, respectively) compared to VIs using linear regression models (prediction errors of 27.8%, 35.8% and 48.3% for mean DBH, height and tree density, respectively). Mean DBH was the best predicted variable among the stand parameters (calibration R2 = 0.62 for an exponential model fit and standard error of prediction = 5.12 cm, i.e. 25% of the mean). The predicted map of mean DBH revealed high heterogeneity in the beech forest structure in the study area. The spatial variability of mean DBH occurs at less than 450 m. The DBH map could be useful to forest management in many ways, e.g. thinning of coppice to promote diameter growth, to assess the effects of management on forest structure or to detect changes in the forest structure caused by anthropogenic and natural factors. 相似文献
10.
The Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) has three spectral bands centered at 705, 740, and 783 nm wavelengths that exploit the red-edge information useful for quantifying plant biochemical traits. This sensor configuration is expected to improve the prediction accuracy of vegetation chlorophyll content. In this work, we assessed the performance of several statistical and physical-based methods in retrieving canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) from Sentinel-2 in a heterogeneous mixed mountain forest. Amongst the algorithms presented in the literature, 13 different vegetation indices (VIs), a non-parametric statistical approach, and two radiative transfer models (RTM) were used to assess the CCC prediction accuracy. A field campaign was conducted in July 2017 to collect in situ measurements of CCC in Bavarian forest national park, and the cloud-free Sentinel-2 image was acquired on 13 July 2017. The leave-one-out cross-validation technique was used to compare the VIs and the non-parametric approach. Whereas physical-based methods were calibrated using simulated data and validated using the in situ reference dataset. The statistical-based approaches, such as the modified simple ratio (mSR) vegetation index and the partial least square regression (PLSR) outperformed all other techniques. As such the modified simple ratio (mSR3) (665, 865) gave the lowest cross-validated RMSE of 0.21 g/m2 (R2 = 0.75). The PLSR resulted in the highest R2 of 0.78, and slightly higher RMSE =0.22 g/m2 than mSR3. The physical-based approach-INFORM inversion using look-up table resulted in an RMSE =0.31 g/m2, and R2 = 0.67. Although mapping CCC using these methods revealed similar spatial distribution patterns, over and underestimation of low and high CCC values were observed mainly in the statistical approaches. Further validation using in situ data from different terrestrial ecosystems is imperative for both the statistical and physical-based approaches' effectiveness to quantify CCC before selecting the best operational algorithm to map CCC from Sentinel-2 for long-term terrestrial ecosystems monitoring across the globe. 相似文献
11.
Abhishek Pandey Khem B. Thapa R. Prasad K. P. Singh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2012,40(4):709-715
Estimation of crop variables is necessary for crop type monitoring as well as crop yield forecast. At the present era artificial neural network methodology are widely used to the remote sensing domain for numerous applications like crop yield forecasting and crop type classification. In the present work, two neural network models namely general regression neural network (GRNN) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) are used to estimate crop variables: leaf area index (LAI), biomass (BM), plant height (PH) and soil moisture (SM) by using ground based X-band scatterometer data. The both networks are trained and tested with X-band scatterometer data. The performance of the GRNN and RBFNN networks are found that the radial basis approach is more suitable for crop variable estimation in comparison to the GRNN approach. This work presents the applicability of neural network as an estimator and method employed could be useful to estimate the crop variables of other crops. 相似文献
12.
Forest plantations are an important source of terrestrial carbon sequestration. The forest of Robinia pseudoacacia in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) is the largest artificial ecological protection forest in China. However, more than half of the forest has appeared different degrees of dieback and even death since the 1990s. Timely and accurate estimation of the forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is a basis for studying the carbon cycle of forests. Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) has been proved to be one of the most powerful methods for forest biomass estimation. However, because of an irregular and overlapping shape of the broadleaved forest canopy in a growing season, it is difficult to segment individual trees and estimate the tree biomass from airborne LiDAR data. In this study, a new method was proposed to solve this problem of individual tree detection in the Robinia pseudoacacia forest based on a combination of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Light Detecting and Ranging (UAV-LiDAR) with the Backpack-LiDAR. The proposed method mainly consists of following steps: (i) at a plot level, trees in the UAV-LiDAR data were detected by seed points obtained by an individual tree segmentation (ITS) method from the Backpack-LiDAR data; (ii) height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of an individual tree would be extracted from UAV and Backpack LiDAR data, respectively; (iii) the individual tree AGB would be calculated through an allometric equation and the forest AGB at the plot level was accumulated; and (iv) the plot-level forest AGB was taken as a dependent variable, and various metrics extracted from UAV-LiDAR point cloud data as independent variables to estimate forest AGB distribution in the study area by using both multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) models. The results demonstrate that: (1) the seed points extracted from Backpack-LiDAR could significantly improve the overall accuracy of individual tree detection (F = 0.99), and thus increase the forest AGB estimation accuracy; (2) compared with MLR model, the RF model led to a higher estimation accuracy (p < 0.05); and (3) LiDAR intensity information selected by both MLR and RF models and laser penetration rate (LP) played an important role in estimating healthy forest AGB. 相似文献
13.
A computational canopy volume (CCV) based on airborne laser scanning (ALS) data is proposed to improve predictions of forest biomass and other related attributes like stem volume and basal area. An approach to derive the CCV based on computational geometry, topological connectivity and numerical optimization was tested with sparse-density, plot-level ALS data acquired from 40 field sample plots of 500–1000 m2 located in a boreal forest in Norway. The CCV had a high correspondence with the biomass attributes considered when derived from optimized filtrations, i.e. ordered sets of simplices belonging to the triangulations based on the point data. Coefficients of determination (R2) between the CCV and total above-ground biomass, canopy biomass, stem volume, and basal area were 0.88–0.89, 0.89, 0.83–0.97, and 0.88–0.92, respectively, depending on the applied filtration. The magnitude of the required filtration was found to increase according to an increasing basal area, which indicated a possibility to predict this magnitude by means of ALS-based height and density metrics. A simple prediction model provided CCVs which had R2 of 0.77–0.90 with the aforementioned forest attributes. The derived CCVs always produced complementary information and were mainly able to improve the predictions of forest biomass relative to models based on the height and density metrics, yet only by 0–1.9 percentage points in terms of relative root mean squared error. Possibilities to improve the CCVs by a further analysis of topological persistence are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Estimates of canopy closure have many important uses in forest management and ecological research. Field measurements, however, are typically not practical to acquire over expansive areas or for large numbers of locations. This problem has been addressed, in recent years, through the use of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology which has proven effective in modeling canopy closure remotely. The techniques developed to use LiDAR for this purpose have been designed and evaluated for datasets acquired during leaf-on conditions. However, a large number of LiDAR datasets are acquired during leaf-off conditions since their primary purpose is to generate bare-earth Digital Elevation Models. In this paper, we develop and evaluate techniques for leveraging small-footprint leaf-off LiDAR data to model leaf-on canopy closure in temperate deciduous forests.We evaluate three techniques for modeling canopy closure: (1) the canopy-to-total-return-ratio (CTRR), (2) the canopy-to-total-pixel-ratio (CTPR), and (3) the hemispherical-viewshed (HV). The first technique has been used widely, in various forms, and has been shown to be effective with leaf-on LiDAR datasets. The CTRR technique that we tested uses the first-return LiDAR data only. The latter two techniques are new contributions that we develop and present in this paper. These techniques use Canopy Height Models (CHM) to detect significant gaps in the forest canopy which are of primary importance in estimating closure.The techniques we tested each showed good promise for predicting canopy closure using leaf-off LiDAR data with the CTPR and HV models having particularly high correlations with closure estimates from hemispherical photographs. The CTRR model had performance on par with results from previous studies that used leaf-on LiDAR, although, with leaf-off data the model tended to be negatively biased with respect to species having simple and compound leaf types and positively biased for coniferous species. The CTPR and HV models also showed some slight negative biases for compound-leaf species. The biases for the CTPR and HV models were mitigated when the CHM data were smoothed to fill in small gaps. The CHM-based models were robust to changes in the CHM model resolution which suggests that these methods may be applicable to a variety of small-footprint LiDAR datasets. In this research, the new CTPR and HV methods showed a strong ability to predict canopy closure using leaf-off data, however, future work will be needed to test the applicability of the models to variations in LiDAR datasets, forest types, and topography. 相似文献
15.
Min Deng Wentao Yang Qiliang Liu Rui Jin Feng Xu Yunfei Zhang 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(1):183-201
Space–time series prediction plays a key role in the domain of geographic data mining and knowledge discovery. In general, the existing methods of space–time series prediction can be divided into two main categories: statistical machine learning methods. Comparatively, machine leaning methods have obvious advantages with respect to handling nonlinear problems. However, space–time dependence and the heterogeneity of space–time data are not well addressed by the existing machine learning methods. Because of this limitation, an accurate prediction of a space–time series is still a challenging problem. Therefore, in this study, both space–time dependence and heterogeneity are incorporated into the feedback artificial neural network, and heterogeneous space–time artificial neural networks (HSTANNs) are developed for space–time series prediction. First, to handle spatial heterogeneity, space–time series clustering is used to divide the study area into a set of homogeneous sub‐areas. Then, a space–time autocorrelation analysis is employed to explore the space–time dependence structure of the dataset. Finally, a HSTANN is established for each sub‐area. Further, HSTANNs are applied to predict the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei. The experimental results show that when compared with other methods, the accuracy of the forecasting results is considerably improved by using HSTANNs. 相似文献
16.
大光斑激光雷达数据已广泛应用于森林冠层高度提取,但通常仅限于地形坡度小于20°的平缓地区。在地形坡度大于20°的陡峭山区,地形引起的波形展宽使得地面回波和植被回波信息混合在一起,给森林冠层高度提取带来巨大挑战。本文利用激光雷达回波模型和地形信息,提出了一种模型辅助的坡地森林冠层高度反演算法。该方法以激光雷达回波信号截止点为参考,定义了波形高度指数H50和H75,使用激光雷达回波模型与已知地形信息模拟裸地的激光雷达回波,将裸地回波信号截止点与森林激光雷达回波信号截止点对齐,利用裸地回波计算常用的波形相对高度指数RH50和RH75,对森林冠层高度进行反演。并与高斯波形分解法和波形参数法的反演结果进行了比较。研究结果表明:(1)利用所提取的波形指数RH50和RH75对胸高断面积加权平均高(Lorey’s height)进行了估算,在坡度小于20°时,高斯波形分解法、波形参数法和模型辅助法的估算结果与实测值线性拟合的相关系数(R2)分别为0.70,0.78和0.98,对应的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为2.90 m,2.48 m和0.60 m,模型辅助法略优于其他两种方法;(2)在坡度大于20°时,高斯波形分解法、波形参数法和模型辅助法的R2分别为0.14,0.28和0.97,相应的RMSE分别为4.93 m,4.53 m和0.81 m,模型辅助法明显优于其他两种方法;(3)在0°—40°时,模型辅助法对Lorey’s height估算结果与实测值的R2为0.97,RMSE为0.80 m。本研究提出的模型辅助法具有更好的地形适应性,在0°—40°的坡度范围内具备对坡地森林冠层高度反演的潜力。 相似文献
17.
高光谱遥感影像多级联森林深度网络分类算法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
高光谱遥感技术在环境监测、应急保障、精细地物提取等方面有着广泛的应用,随着高分五号高光谱数据的正式发布,高光谱遥感技术将发挥更重要的作用。遥感影像分类作为高光谱遥感影像信息处理的重要部分,已成为当前研究重点。本文针对传统多级联森林深度学习中模型复杂、无法利用基分类器差异信息、对类间差异较小的样本无法正确区分等不足,提出了一种改进的多级联森林深度学习模型,在模型框架中,分别采用了随机森林和旋转森林作为基分类器,并引入逻辑回归分类器作为判别器用于训练层扩展。相较于传统的深度神经网络,改进的多级联森林深度网络超参数较少且能够自适应确定训练层,更方便进行模型优化。实验采用了高分五号数据集及两个公开的高光谱数据集(Indian Pines数据集及Pavia University数据集)进行精度评定,同时选择了传统分类器支持向量机、深度置信网等模型作为对比分析。实验结果表明,改进的多级联森林深度学习模型能有效地进行高光谱遥感影像分类,且较传统的分类方法精度有所提升。 相似文献
18.
David M. Bell Matthew J. Gregory Van Kane Jonathan Kane Robert E. Kennedy Heather M. Roberts Zhiqiang Yang 《Carbon balance and management》2018,13(1):15
Background
Satellite-based aboveground forest biomass maps commonly form the basis of forest biomass and carbon stock mapping and monitoring, but biomass maps likely vary in performance by region and as a function of spatial scale of aggregation. Assessing such variability is not possible with spatially-sparse vegetation plot networks. In the current study, our objective was to determine whether high-resolution lidar-based and moderate-resolution Landsat-base aboveground live forest biomass maps converged on similar predictions at stand- to landscape-levels (10 s to 100 s ha) and whether such differences depended on biophysical setting. Specifically, we examined deviations between lidar- and Landsat-based biomass mapping methods across scales and ecoregions using a measure of error (normalized root mean square deviation), a measure of the unsystematic deviations, or noise (Pearson correlation coefficient), and two measures related to systematic deviations, or biases (intercept and slope of a regression between the two sets of predictions).Results
Compared to forest inventory data (0.81-ha aggregate-level), lidar and Landsat-based mean biomass predictions exhibited similar performance, though lidar predictions exhibited less normalized root mean square deviation than Landsat when compared with the reference plot data. Across aggregate-levels, the intercepts and slopes of regression equations describing the relationships between lidar- and Landsat-based biomass predictions stabilized (i.e., little additional change with increasing area of aggregates) at aggregate-levels between 10 and 100 ha, suggesting a consistent relationship between the two maps at landscape-scales. Differences between lidar- and Landsat-based biomass maps varied as a function of forest canopy heterogeneity and composition, with systematic deviations (regression intercepts) increasing with mean canopy cover and hardwood proportion within forests and correlations decreasing with hardwood proportion.Conclusions
Deviations between lidar- and Landsat-based maps indicated that satellite-based approaches may represent general gradients in forest biomass. Ecoregion impacted deviations between lidar and Landsat biomass maps, highlighting the importance of biophysical setting in determining biomass map performance across aggregate scales. Therefore, regardless of the source of remote sensing (e.g., Landsat vs. lidar), factors affecting the measurement and prediction of forest biomass, such as species composition, need to be taken into account whether one is estimating biomass at the plot, stand, or landscape scale.19.
人工神经网络具有较强的非线性映射能力。本文介绍了神经网络BP算法的一些改进措施。这些措施可以提高BP算法的学习收敛速度,同时也可以提高BP网络性能的稳定性。为避免软土路基沉降传统计算方法中各种人为因素的干扰,本方法利用实测资料直接建模。基于改进的BP神经网络模型,建立了可依据现场量测信息对软基路堤沉降量随时间而发展的过程进行动态预报的分析方法。本文所建立的BP算法模型比较独特,利用该模型预测软土路基沉降精度高,预测结果的稳定性好。 相似文献
20.
利用机载激光雷达点云数据,计算了9种度量指标,并将其分为冠层的高度指标、结构复杂度指标和覆盖度指标。利用高度指标和结构复杂度指标,结合大量实测单木结构与年龄估测数据,从样点和区域尺度分别分析了青海云杉林冠层垂直结构分布,分析得知实验区内主要以中龄林和成熟林为主,冠层垂直分布复杂程度偏低,高度分化程度一般。通过回归分析发现首次回波覆盖度指标FCI与实测的有效植被面积指数PAIe有良好的相关性（R2=0.66）,在此基础上基于辐射传输模型反演了实验区内PAIe的水平分布,且用实测数据验证发现反演的PAIe略高于实测值（R2=0.67）,绝对平均误差为0.65。分析结果很好地反映了激光雷达在森林空间结构信息提取方面的应用潜力。 相似文献