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传留至今的汉画以画像砖、画像石为主 ,兼有壁画、帛画、摩崖石刻、岩画、青铜器、漆画等多种形式 ,其内容丰富多彩。有一部分汉画具备地图的部分特征 ,下面选介几种。市井图古代市场内部是如何布局的呢 ?从四川新繁汉墓出土的画像砖《市井图》(图 1为作者对原图的建筑布局所做临摹 ,原图上人物、动物、货物图 1等过于模糊和复杂 ,故略去 )上可以一窥汉代市场的面貌。“市”在古代不是指城市 ,而是指市场 ,市井相当于现在的集贸市场。从图上看这个汉代市场为封闭式 ,平面呈方形(或矩形 ) ,四周有围墙。上、左、右三个方向各有一座门 ,原图左… 相似文献
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古人常常把地图作为绘画艺术的一种,古代流传下来许多以风景名胜为描绘对象的山水画式的风景名胜地图。这类地图形象逼真,在准确反映地理信息的同时还真切地表现了景区的优美环境,同时也带给读者美的享受。 相似文献
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土地利用现状图是用来表示土地权属性质、土地利用类型、土地利用特点及地形性质的综合性专题地图。本文从对外业资料的分析研究、土地利用现状图的编绘方法及编绘中应注意的几个问题等三个方面入手，探讨和研究县（乡）土地利用现状图的编绘问题。作者从１９９０年至１９９４年一直从事县（乡）土地利用现状调查工作，先后完成过宜兴市土地利用现状图、宜兴市４４个乡（镇）土地利用现状图、无锡市郊区土地利用现状图、无锡市郊区１ 相似文献
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本文介绍利用全站仪内存实现数字化测图的一些基本概念,简要地说明了它的工作流程,数据通讯,数据计算,数据格式转换等数据处理的方法和过程,例举了利用这种方法在常州市凌爱塘农副产品批发市场进行数字化测图的应用情况,总结到这是一种能提高采集速度,提高工作效率的新的方法。 相似文献
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《中国城市道路交通指南地图集》设计介绍陆美华（哈尔滨地图出版社１５００８６）《中国城市道路交通指南地图集》（以下简称《图集》）是哈尔滨地图出版社和公安部交通管理局共同编制，由哈尔滨地图出版社出版、发行的一本专题地图集。《图集》的编制、出版是为了适应城... 相似文献
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中国附近海域地磁偏角图及其数学模型（1990.0） 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了中国附近海域地磁偏角模式的建立和“中国邻近海区地磁偏角图”的编绘以及质量分析。在建立中国附近海区地磁偏角模式时，使用了３０００多个地磁测点和地磁台站及国际参考地磁场资料，采用的方法是泰勒多项式。对海区地磁偏角模式和海区地磁图作了对比分析，其效果是好的。海区地磁偏角模式和“中国邻近海区地磁偏角图”清楚地反映出我国南沙群岛的区尺度为１０００余公里的磁异常，解决了中国地磁图和世界地磁图在这一海 相似文献
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Anko Brner Lorenz Wiest Peter Keller Ralf Reulke Rolf Richter Michael Schaepman Daniel Schlpfer 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2001,55(5-6)
The consistent end-to-end simulation of airborne and spaceborne earth remote sensing systems is an important task, and sometimes the only way for the adaptation and optimisation of a sensor and its observation conditions, the choice and test of algorithms for data processing, error estimation and the evaluation of the capabilities of the whole sensor system.The presented software simulator SENSOR (Software Environment for the Simulation of Optical Remote sensing systems) includes a full model of the sensor hardware, the observed scene, and the atmosphere in between. The simulator consists of three parts. The first part describes the geometrical relations between scene, sun, and the remote sensing system using a ray-tracing algorithm. The second part of the simulation environment considers the radiometry. It calculates the at-sensor radiance using a pre-calculated multidimensional lookup-table taking the atmospheric influence on the radiation into account. The third part consists of an optical and an electronic sensor model for the generation of digital images. Using SENSOR for an optimisation requires the additional application of task-specific data processing algorithms.The principle of the end-to-end-simulation approach is explained, all relevant concepts of SENSOR are discussed, and first examples of its use are given. The verification of SENSOR is demonstrated. This work is closely related to the Airborne PRISM Experiment (APEX), an airborne imaging spectrometer funded by the European Space Agency. 相似文献
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The monitoring of different crops (cultivated plots) and types of surface (bare soils, etc.) is a crucial economic and environmental issue for the management of resources and human activity. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of multispectral satellite imagery (optical and radar) to land use and land cover classification.Object-oriented supervised classifications, based on a Random Forest algorithm, and majority zoning post-processing are used. This study emerges from the experiment on multi-sensor crop monitoring (MCM'10, Baup et al., 2012) conducted in 2010 on a mixed farming area in the southwest of France, near Toulouse. This experiment enabled the regular and quasi-synchronous collection of multi-sensor satellite data and in situ observations, which are used in this study. 211 plots with contrasting characteristics (different slopes, soil types, aspects, farming practices, shapes and surface areas) were monitored to represent the variability of the study area. They can be grouped into four classes of land cover: 39 grassland areas, 100 plots of wheat, 13 plots of barley, 20 plots of rapeseed, and 2 classes of bare soil: 23 plots of small roughness and 16 plots of medium roughness. Satellite radar images in the X-, C- and L-bands (HH polarization) were acquired between 14 and 18 April 2010. Optical images delivered by Formosat-2 and corresponding field data were acquired on 14 April 2010.The results show that combining images acquired in the L-band (Alos) and the optical range (Formosat-2) improves the classification performance (overall accuracy = 0.85, kappa = 0.81) compared to the use of radar or optical data alone. The results obtained for the various types of land cover show performance levels and confusions related to the phenological stage of the species studied, with the geometry of the cover, the roughness states of the surfaces, etc. Performance is also related to the wavelength and penetration depth of the signal providing the images. Thus, the results show that the quality of the classification often increases with increasing wavelength of the images used. 相似文献
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夜间灯光数据记录了地球表面的人造灯光强度，是估计社会统计指标的有效手段之一。为了评估DMSP-OLS和NPP-VIIRS 2种夜间灯光数据对社会统计指标的模拟潜力，采用4种常用的灯光校正方法分别对2种夜间灯光数据进行灯光饱和性校正，根据校正后的夜间灯光数据分别建立与京津冀地区县域GDP、人口和能源消耗3种社会统计指标间的线性回归模型，从模型拟合的相关系数、F统计量值与概率p值中分析并评价了2种夜间灯光数据对GDP、人口和能源消耗3种社会统计指标的测算能力。本文研究结果表明：EANTLI法是2种夜间灯光数据的最佳校正方式，而HSI法不适用于夜间灯光数据校正后与县域社会统计指标的线性关系拟合2种夜间灯光数据对GDP的拟合效果都较好，NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据估算社会统计指标的拟合能力要优于DMSP-OLS数据。 相似文献
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摄影测量中病态问题的条件数指标分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了评价法方程系数矩阵病态性常用的条件数指标的基本原理,分析了用条件数评价平差系统病态性的不足,并将其归结为3类风险。指出了重新参数化是利用条件数评价病态性的必要前提,并论述了重新参数化改善由数值计算引起的病态问题和避免条件数评价的范数风险,成功地解释了航空摄影后方交会时解算结果的稳定性和条件数指标的矛盾。 相似文献
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基于ASP.NET与SVG的WebGIS实现技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着WebGIS的快速发展,在WebGIS中以矢量的方式快速传输、浏览电子地图,是当前GIS研究的一个热点。ASP.NET具有强大的Web开发功能。SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,本质上是XML在网络上表达图形图像的一种扩展应用程序。利用ASP.NET强大的Web应用开发功能与SVG矢量传输与显示功能,可构建功能较为强大、性能较为优化、数据较为安全和开发成本较为低廉的WebGIS。本文提出了一种基于ASP.NET与SVG技术的WebGIS平台解决方案,并对该方案的具体实现进行了详细的研究。 相似文献
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This paper provides a review of ground-based SAR (GBSAR) interferometry for deformation measurement. In the first part of the paper the fundamentals of this technique are provided. Then the main data processing and analysis stages needed to estimate deformations starting from the GBSAR observations are described. This section introduces the two types of GBSAR acquisition modes, i.e., continuous and discontinuous GBSAR, and reviews the different GBSAR processing and analysis methods published in the literature. This is followed by a discussion of the specific technical aspects of GBSAR deformation measurement. A section then summarizes the pros and cons of GBSAR for deformation monitoring. The last part of the paper includes two reviews: one concerning the GBSAR systems described in the literature, including non-strictly SAR systems and a second one addresses the main GBSAR applications. 相似文献
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随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。 相似文献
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Positions and proper motions obtained from observations by the very large array (VLA) and the multi-element radio-linked interferometer
network (MERLIN) are used to establish the link of the Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame (HCRF) to the International Celestial
Reference Frame (ICRF). The VLA and MERLIN data are apparently the latest ones published in the literature. Their mean epoch
at around 2001 is about 10 years after the epoch of the Hipparcos catalogue and, therefore, the data are considered suitable
to check the Hipparcos link established at epoch 1991.25. The parameters of the link, i.e., the angles of frame orientation
and the angular rates of frame rotation, are estimated by fitting these parameters to the differences of the optical and radio
positions and proper motions of stars common to the Hipparcos catalogue and the VLA and MERLIN data. Both the estimates of
the angles of orientation and the angular rates of rotation show nearly consistent but insignificant results for all samples
of stars treated. We conclude that not only the size of the samples of 9–15 stars is too small, but also that the accuracy
of the radio positions and, above all, of the radio proper motions is insufficient, the latter being based on early-epoch
star positions of low accuracy. The present observational data at epoch 2001 suggest that maintenance of the Hipparcos frame
is not feasible at this stage. 相似文献