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1.
This paper reports on the advantages and disadvantages of motor-glider use in studying topoclimates. Despite the widespread use of images taken from low-altitude flying platforms (planes, helicopters, UAVs), the use of a motor-glider for imagery collection has not been reported in environmental studies. In presented study, the low-altitude remote sensing techniques were used to increase the spatial resolution of thermal maps derived from Landsat ETM+ thermal bands. Thermal images from motor-glider were taken by a thermovision camera. At the local scale, land surface temperature (LST) is one of the factors influencing topoclimatic diversity hence, by analysing LST distribution one can determine topoclimatic variability. Topoclimate has been the subject of previous studies, however, they have not used thermal remote sensing in the research process but instead relied on ground measurement network. The presented research contributes to better understanding of the thermal environment of the Earth by employing an innovative data collection method suitable for relatively large areas under specific weather conditions. The data collection with motor glider offers good spatial resolution of less than 1 m and facilitates the compilation of good quality LST maps. The paper discusses the influence of spatial resolution on LST variability and demonstrates gain in information granularity resulting from sub-meter resolution of collected data. 相似文献
2.
在山地复杂地形条件下,利用热红外遥感获得的地表温度分布显著受到地形的影响,真实的地热异常信息往往难以识别,热红外遥感应用于山区地热勘探受到极大限制。以广东龙川地热勘查区为研究区,初步探讨了山地环境中如何抑制地形效应,以有效提取地热异常。首先,基于Landsat ETM+遥感数据反演地表温度,分析坡向和坡度两个地形因子与地表温度的关系;然后,在此基础上,将研究区的地表温度按坡向分成3个子区(阳坡、过渡坡和阴坡),根据阳坡地表温度与坡向的线性拟合关系将其校正到水平坡度上;最后,结合地质构造分布和地表覆被情况,在3个子区识别了4处地热异常,并与已知地热点进行比较验证。结果表明:坡向分区和阳坡坡度校正能够有效抑制地形效应,提高遥感地热异常识别精度,为山区地热资源的预测评价提供新思路。 相似文献
3.
由于地理国情林地数据不包含实地面积小于400 m2的树木或四旁单排林,若仅利用地理国情的林地数据统计区域森林覆盖率,将对四旁树面积较大地区的林地统计结果产生较大误差。为提取区域内准确的林地覆盖与空间分布状况,本文借助地理国情地表覆盖数据,提出了一种基于北京二号高分辨率遥感影像的林地提取方法。首先,根据遥感影像光谱特征,将研究区按植被、道路、铁路、建筑用地进行地类划分,并基于遥感影像进行各地类的样本提取,通过可分离检验的样本利用最大似然分类提取研究区内植被覆盖范围;然后,借助地理国情地表覆盖数据,使用叠置分析剔除误分、错分地类,得到区域林地的空间分布。试验结果表明：(1)研究区内林地覆盖率为20.3%,尚未满足北京新一轮林地规划需求;(2)地理国情地表覆盖数据内林地面积占提取林地总面积的54.03%,说明在部分地区使用本文方法对地理国情林地数据进行补充是有必要的。通过将试验结果与遥感影像进行目视比对并结合外业调查结果发现,提取的林地空间分布情况与实际分布基本相符。本文为地理国情的应用提供了一种新方法,研究结果可辅助区域的绿色发展规划,有助于构建科学的生态空间格局。 相似文献
4.
沿海地区地表覆盖信息是全国地理国情普查的重要内容,遥感影像分类技术为沿海地区地表覆盖信息提供了一种重要方法。本文基于GF-1高分辨率遥感影像,建立了沿海地区地表覆盖分类系统,采用中国测绘科学研究院自主研发的面向对象GLC决策树分类方法和软件进行了地表覆盖分类。通过对某试验区进行分类试验,并结合该区地表覆盖标准分类图进行精度评价,验证了基于高分辨率影像,面向对象GLC决策树分类方法在沿海地区地表覆盖信息提取上的有效性及优越性,其总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为87.201 8%、0.840 6,均高于SVM分类法。最后提出基于高分辨率遥感影像的沿海地区地表覆盖信息提取流程。 相似文献
5.
土地覆盖/土地利用（LC/LU）调查已经成为开展土地利用动态变化预测、自然灾害防治及土地利用规划、土地管理和环境保护的一项关键的基础性工作,受到广泛关注和重视。随着遥感技术和各种地学分析模型的发展和成熟,利用遥感技术获得的影像数据对区域的LC/LU情况进行土地覆盖分类和监测,成为一种最为迅速可靠和理想有效的手段。本文综合论述了遥感地学智能图解模型支持下的LC/LU分类,并以西部测图工程1∶50 000无图区塔里木东部地区为试验对象,采用多平台遥感数据和辅助地理信息软件,进行了LC/LU遥感应用分类研究。 相似文献
6.
Urban heat islands (UHIs) have attracted attention around the world because they profoundly affect biological diversity and human life. Assessing the effects of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs is essential to better understanding and improving the ecological consequences of urbanization. This paper presents the radius fractal dimension to quantify the spatial variation of different land use types around the hot centers. By integrating remote sensing images from the newly launched HJ-1B satellite system, vegetation indexes, landscape metrics and fractal dimension, the effects of land use patterns on the urban thermal environment in Wuhan were comprehensively explored. The vegetation indexes and landscape metrics of the HJ-1B and other remote sensing satellites were compared and analyzed to validate the performance of the HJ-1B. The results have showed that land surface temperature (LST) is negatively related to only positive normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) but to Fv across the entire range of values, which indicates that fractional vegetation (Fv) is an appropriate predictor of LST more than NDVI in forest areas. Furthermore, the mean LST is highly correlated with four class-based metrics and three landscape-based metrics, which suggests that the landscape composition and the spatial configuration both influence UHIs. All of them demonstrate that the HJ-1B satellite has a comparable capacity for UHI studies as other commonly used remote sensing satellites. The results of the fractal analysis show that the density of built-up areas sharply decreases from the hot centers to the edges of these areas, while the densities of water, forest and cropland increase. These relationships reveal that water, like forest and cropland, has a significant effect in mitigating UHIs in Wuhan due to its large spatial extent and homogeneous spatial distribution. These findings not only confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the HJ-1B satellite system for studying UHIs but also reveal the impacts of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs, which is helpful for improving the planning and management of the urban environment. 相似文献
7.
Dušan Jovanović Miro Govedarica Filip Sabo Dubravka Sladić Aleksandar Ristić 《国际地球制图》2015,30(5):483-505
Main objective of this study was to establish a relationship between land cover and land surface temperature (LST) in urban and rural areas. The research was conducted using Landsat, WorldView-2 (WV-2) and Digital Mapping Camera. Normalised difference vegetation index and normalised difference built-up index were used for establishing the relation between built-up area, vegetation cover and LST for spatial resolution of 30 m. Impervious surface and vegetation area generated from Digital Mapping Camera from Intergraph and WV-2 were used to establish the relation between built-up area, vegetation cover and LST for spatial resolutions of 0.1, 0.5 and 30 m. Linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between LST and indicators. Main contribution of this research is to establish the use of combining remote sensing sensors with different spectral and spatial resolution for two typical settlements in Vojvodina. Correlation coefficients between LST and LST indicators ranged from 0.602 to 0.768. 相似文献
8.
为提高土地覆被分类精度,采用非参数权重特征提取(nonparametric weighted feature extraction,NWFE)结合纹理特征的支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)的分类法,对新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲区2006年的土地覆被进行分类,并将该方法与主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)结合纹理特征的SVM分类、原始波段结合纹理特征的SVM分类进行对比。结果表明,NWFE结合纹理特征的SVM分类结果优于其他2种分类结果,不仅反映了土地覆被分布的整体情况,而且使不同土地覆被类型得到较好的区分,总体分类精度达89.17%。 相似文献
9.
随着国产卫星遥感影像在电力部门的应用日益深入,利用高分辨率国产卫星遥感影像对输电线路走廊地区进行快速准确的地表覆盖分类成为现实。本文以湖北省输电线路走廊为研究对象,通过多种地物分类方法对比试验,综合利用高分辨率影像的光谱、纹理、形状等特征优势,以"高分一号"影像为例探索出面向对象的层次分类法,快速实现了地物的精确提取,可用于输电线路走廊地区山火评估及预防。研究结果表示,面向对象的层次分类法对于输电线路走廊地物快速分类是可行的并且能达到较高的精度。 相似文献
10.
The composition and arrangement of spatial entities, i.e., land cover objects, play a key role in distinguishing land use types from very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing images, in particular in urban environments. This paper presents a new method to characterize the spatial arrangement for urban land use extraction using VHR images. We derive an adjacency unit matrix to represent the spatial arrangement of land cover objects obtained from a VHR image, and use a graph convolutional network to quantify the spatial arrangement by extracting hidden features from adjacency unit matrices. The distribution of the spatial arrangement variables, i.e., hidden features, and the spatial composition variables, i.e., widely used land use indicators, are then estimated. We use a Bayesian method to integrate the variables of spatial arrangement and composition for urban land use extraction. Experiments were conducted using three VHR images acquired in two urban areas: a Pleiades image in Wuhan in 2013, a Superview image in Wuhan in 2019, and a GeoEye image in Oklahoma City in 2012. Our results show that the proposed method provides an effective means to characterize the spatial arrangement of land cover objects, and produces urban land use extractions with overall accuracies (i.e., 86% and 93%) higher than existing methods (i.e., 83% and 88%) that use spatial arrangement information based on building types on the Pleiades and GeoEye datasets. Moreover, it is unnecessary to further categorize the dominant land cover type into finer types for the characterization of spatial arrangement. We conclude that the proposed method has a high potential for the characterization of urban structure using different VHR images, and for the extraction of urban land use in different urban areas. 相似文献
11.
针对城市及周边区域建造区和自然地表交织分布的特点,探讨了利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)和归一化建造指数(NDBI)构造趋势面的地表温度(LST)降尺度方法,以北京市市区及周边较平坦区域为例实现了LST自960 m向120 m的降尺度转换。分析了LST空间分布特征及NDVI、NDBI对地物的指示性特征;以北京市四至六环为界分析NDVI、NDBI趋势面对地表温度的拟合程度及各自的适用区域;在120 m、240 m、480 m和960 m 4个尺度上评价了NDVI、NDBI和NDVI+NDBI趋势面对LST的拟合程度和趋势面转换函数的尺度效应;对NDVI、NDBI和NDVI NDBI等3种方法的降尺度结果分覆盖类型、分区域对比评价。实验结果表明结合两种光谱指数的NDVI NDBI方法降尺度转换精度有所改善,改善程度取决于地表覆盖类型组合。 相似文献
12.
土地覆被作为地表自然和人工建造物的综合体，是开展土地科学相关研究的重要基础，在遥感大数据背景下，准确、快速、自动化进行土地覆被提取技术一直是遥感研究中的重点。本文基于eCognition软件，采用面向对象的多尺度分割法，综合考虑地物在遥感影像上的光谱、形状和纹理特征，建立多种地物提取规则。通过模糊函数、支持向量机（SVM）和阈值法对研究区的土地覆被进行分类提取，并与研究区的FROM-GLC10数据和土地利用变更数据进行了对比分析。结果表明：①研究区土地覆被分类的总体精度为97%，Kappa系数为0.96，分类精度较高；②基于10 m分辨率影像，综合使用形状、纹理、光谱信息对于道路的提取具有较好的效果，道路提取Kappa系数为0.84；③分类结果在面积和空间分布上都优于FROM-GLC10数据，与研究区实际土地变更数据保持较好的一致性。基于面向对象与规则的分类方法提取地物能够有效利用多种遥感影像特征，分类精度高，对于处理高分辨率遥感数据具有很好的优势。 相似文献
13.
作为驱动地表与大气之间能量交换的关键物理量,地表温度在众多领域中都发挥着重要作用,包括气候变化、环境监测、蒸散发估算以及地热异常勘探等。Landsat热红外数据因其时间连续性和高空间分辨率等特点被广泛应用于地表温度反演中。本文详细地介绍了Landsat热红外传感器及其可用的数据与产品的现状,梳理了2001年—2020年20年间基于Landsat热红外数据的地表温度遥感反演与应用的相关文献发表及互引情况,系统地综述了基于Landsat热红外数据的地表温度反演算法,包括基于辐射传输方程的算法、单窗算法、普适性单通道算法、实用单通道算法和分裂窗算法等。在此基础上,进一步介绍了每种算法的参数化方案,包括地表比辐射率和大气参数的估算方法。最后针对Landsat热红外数据地表温度遥感反演提出了未来可能的发展趋势与研究方向。 相似文献
14.
Landscape patterns in a region have different sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements, which contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape and are linked to the distinct behavior of thermal environments. There is a lack of research generating landscape metrics from discretized percent impervious surface area data (ISA), which can be used as an indicator of urban spatial structure and level of development, and quantitatively characterizing the spatial patterns of landscapes and land surface temperatures (LST). In this study, linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is used to derive sub-pixel ISA. Continuous fractional cover thresholds are used to discretize percent ISA into different categories related to urban land cover patterns. Landscape metrics are calculated based on different ISA categories and used to quantify urban landscape patterns and LST configurations. The characteristics of LST and percent ISA are quantified by landscape metrics such as indices of patch density, aggregation, connectedness, shape and shape complexity. The urban thermal intensity is also analyzed based on percent ISA. The results indicate that landscape metrics are sensitive to the variation of pixel values of fractional ISA, and the integration of LST, LSMA. Landscape metrics provide a quantitative method for describing the spatial distribution and seasonal variation in urban thermal patterns in response to associated urban land cover patterns. 相似文献
15.
基于遥感的长沙市城市热岛与土地利用/覆盖变化研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
基于多时相Landsat TM/ETM+影像,首先计算长沙市地表亮度温度,然后利用NDVI(归一化植被指数)、MNDWI(改进
的归一化水体指数)、NDBI(归一化建筑指数)和NDBaI(归一化裸土指数)4个指数,采用决策树分类方法对长沙市影像进行
土地利用/覆盖分类。在此基础上,对长沙市城市热岛的空间分布特征、时空演变特征以及城市热岛与土地利用/覆盖变化和各种影
响因子之间的关系进行研究。结果表明,随着长沙市城区范围的不断扩张,城市热岛范围也不断增大; 土地利用/覆盖类型的变化
会改变地表温度的空间分布,城市用地和裸地是城市热岛强度的主要贡献因素,水体和林地具有较好的降温作用。地表温度与4种
归一化指数的回归分析表明,它们之间存在明显的相关性,不同土地利用/覆盖类型的地表温度存在较大差异。 相似文献
16.
针对传统遥感影像解译效率较低、人力物力需求量大等问题,该文以谷歌地球引擎为依托平台,利用Landsat5TM影像,采用分类回归树算法对2010年北京市土地覆被/土地利用类型开展了解译研究,并从类型构成、类型混淆和空间一致性3个方面将解译所得LUC-2010产品与Globeland30-2010产品进行空间一致性分析。研究表明,谷歌地球引擎(GEE)平台通过编程运算,数据处理速度极快,大幅提高工作效率。解译产品与训练样本交叉验证的学习精度为94.2%。两套产品总体对比发现,林地、水体和耕地的空间一致性比率分别为84.28%、74.75%和73.56%;林地、水体和人工地表的地类纯净度分别为87.23%、77.04%和72.97%;总体分布空间一致性为74.0%。两套产品局部对比发现,LUC-2010产品分类结果更准确和精细,精度更高。 相似文献
17.
18.
提出了一种基于Landsat TM的地表温度二次像元分解方法,将地表温度的空间分辨率从120 m提高到30 m。首先,利用地表类型的线性统计模型（E-DisTrad）获取初次分解子像元的地表温度,计算得到初次分解子像元的辐亮度;然后,利用面向对象的图像分割方法获取二次分解子像元的权重,实现对地表温度的二次分解;最后,采用升尺度再分解的验证方法进行精度分析,并选取了北京市TM影像进行实例分析。实验结果表明,二次像元分解模型不仅能有效地提高地表温度的空间分辨率,反映出不同地表类型地表温度的空间差异性,而且保证了像元分解前后能量值的一致性,非常适合于复杂地表覆盖地区的热红外波段遥感影像数据的降尺度处理。 相似文献
19.
Spatio‐temporal prediction and forecasting of land surface temperature (LST) are relevant. However, several factors limit their usage, such as missing pixels, line drops, and cloud cover in satellite images. Being measured close to the Earth's surface, LST is mainly influenced by the land use/land cover (LULC) distribution of the terrain. This article presents a spatio‐temporal interpolation method which semantically models LULC information for the analysis of LST. The proposed spatio‐temporal semantic kriging (ST‐SemK) approach is presented in two variants: non‐separable ST‐SemK (ST‐SemKNSep) and separable ST‐SemK (ST‐SemKSep). Empirical studies have been carried out with derived Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images of LST for two spatial regions: Kolkata, India and Dallas, Texas, U.S. It has been observed that semantically enhanced spatio‐temporal modeling by ST‐SemK yields more accurate prediction results than spatio‐temporal ordinary kriging and other existing methods. 相似文献