共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 50 毫秒
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VognimaryMarieOdette 《地球空间信息科学学报》2005,8(2):152-156
This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public parti,cipation is the reference of all the decision making process. However, there are some factors that limit this process, such as poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and often the social inequality. Therefore, this study focuses first on the benefits of public participation in environmental planning, then the involvement of the local population, and finally the decision making access using a case study of Madagascar. 相似文献
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Many research projects in public‐participation geographic information systems focused on the development of software prototypes that were conceptualized to complement traditional forms of public participation. Given the challenges introduced by the heterogeneity of their user base, system design, and decision making process, empirical evaluations of such systems based on actual use have been scarce. This article reports on a rigorous empirical assessment of human‐computer interaction of users of a web‐based system for participatory transportation planning. We devised three groups of participants with below‐average, average, and above‐average interaction duration through hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, the characteristics of the clusters were subjected to logistic regression analysis to determine the significance and strength of statistical associations between duration of interaction and a host of individual‐level variables. Our results indicate a statistically significant reduction of the odds‐ratio for participants with above‐average duration of interaction in the case of no prior experience with online transportation discussions. No significant associations were found between overall duration of interaction and sociodemographic background, cognitive decision‐making style, and travel behavior. We advocate for the development of adaptable participatory systems which accommodate flexibility in terms of both the user interface and pathways of the decision making process. 相似文献
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Assessing Resistance to Volunteered Geographic Information Reporting within Local Government 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using volunteered geographic information (VGI) as a cost‐saving environmental monitoring and public participation mechanism has been thought to be a proof of concept to assist environmental decision‐making with insufficient managerial resources. However, research literature also often found institutional resistance when implementing VGI as part of the decision‐making process. This research develops a conceptual framework as the foundation to conduct a cross‐case comparison for four empirical cases in recreation and invasive species monitoring, but general enough for other such case comparisons. The VGI Reporting Assessment Framework (VGI‐RAF) adopted aspects of the Decision Situation Assessment (DSA) framework as the foundation to address institutional flexibility, stakeholder dynamics, and technical considerations. Using a cross‐case comparison can accumulate deep observations from cases and increase validity of insights through comparing processes. Results show that eight aspects of the VGI‐RAF reveal the suitability of embedding voluntary information within existing institutional decision‐making processes. VGI‐RAF depicts considerations for: (1) existing participation arrangements, (2) institutional arrangements, (3) managers’ needs and stakeholder expectation, and (4) interaction mechanism and technical needs. The cross‐comparison results indicate that a public participation mechanism should be accompanied by VGI development to increase effectiveness. Institutional arrangements should match local government's information needs with participants’ expectations. Knowledge gaps between institutional information needs and volunteer knowledge should be filled through technology enhancements. For ease of implementation and to promote long‐term success, we recommend that volunteered information be connected with existing communication channels to minimize changes to existing information systems. 相似文献
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This article describes an open source web‐based visualization tool for exploring stakeholder conflicts in land‐use planning. It implements a multi‐criteria, decision‐analytic framework which solves a conflict‐constrained knapsack problem in order to find Pareto efficient combinations of actions which maximize public value, given the conflict constraint. The user interface is centered around an interactive map in which geographical subareas are color‐shaded in proportion to the mean strength of preference for a particular chosen action within the population in the selected area. The aim of this work is to investigate the use of web technologies and formal problem‐solving methods for improving public participation in land‐use planning and support local governments in the pursuit of improved decision‐making. The tool was developed using the free statistical programming language R and the web application framework Shiny. Its usefulness is demonstrated through a case study in Upplands Väsby municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. The article ends with a summary together with some ideas for future research and development. 相似文献
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Planning information pertaining to the potential visual impacts of proposed construction developments is particularly important in the case of wind farm planning, given the high levels of concern amongst members of the public regarding the perceived negative visual impacts of wind turbines on the landscape. Previous research has highlighted the shortcomings associated with traditional visualization techniques used to assess these impacts, and also the means by which such information is then disseminated to the wider public during the consultation stages of the wind farm planning process. This research is concerned with examining the potential of Web‐based mapping and digital landscape visualization techniques for addressing some of these shortcomings. This article reports the findings of a Web‐based survey study designed to evaluate the potential of online GIS‐based approaches for improving the effectiveness and dissemination of wind farm visualizations and enhancing public participation in the wind farm planning process. Results from the survey study add to the research literature by demonstrating how innovative Web‐based approaches have real potential for augmenting existing methods of information provision and public participation in the planning process. The findings of this study are also potentially transferrable to other landscape planning scenarios. 相似文献
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DISCUSS: A Soft Computing Approach to Spatial Disaggregation in Economic Evaluation of Public Policies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
For more than three decades cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) has been used in many countries as an important tool for evaluating public policies. More recently, participation of stakeholders in CBA processes has become an important issue for governments. However, CBA by itself does not provide a good environment for stakeholder participation. A major reason for this is the lack of spatial disaggregation in traditional CBA. In order to allow greater public participation, a GIS‐based approach is proposed. This approach uses a Geocomputational system, which incorporates soft computing theory with expert systems in a geographic information systems (GIS) environment. It is designed to generate representations of environmental, economic and social policy outcomes according to the perceptions of the stakeholders and after the CBA results have been obtained. The methodology proposed for modelling impacts in cases where uncertainty exists uses the soft computing theory of fuzzy logic to generate a raster map based on spatial inputs provided by the stakeholders involved in the decision process. This computer‐based system, called DISCUSS (Decision Information System for Community Understanding of Spatial Scenarios), is intended for situations where the government chooses to evaluate a policy using CBA and desires to encourage public participation in evaluating the results identified by the economic methodology. DISCUSS and the maps that it produces are being tested in a public participation case study with long‐term impacts over a large area of south‐eastern Australia. 相似文献
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A K Chakraborti 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1993,21(2):87-97
‘Watershed Management’ has assumed urgency for planned development of land and water resources and to arrest land degradation process to preserve environment and ecological balance. Decision support to such management planning requires scientific knowledge of resources information, expected runoff and sediment yield, priority classification of watersheds for conservation planning, monitoring of watershed for environmental impact assessment and technologies of GIS for data base creation, scenario development and appropriate decision making. Remote sensing technique is ideally suited to evolve such a management strategy. Scientific basis of this approach is explained. 相似文献
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基于GIS的土地利用规划公众参与研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在介绍公众参与在土地利用规划中的地位、作用、方式的基础上,提出将GIS应用于土地利用规划公众参与,提出了GIS辅助土地利用规划公众参与的主要功能,对照国内外GIS应用探讨了GIS辅助土地利用规划公众参与的模式,结合土地利用规划各阶段公众参与的特点提出的GIS辅助土地利用规划公众参与的框架。 相似文献
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应用于PPGIS的一种图形参与技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
IDM是一种新的决策支持技术,首次把它作为PPGIS中公众参与支撑技术进行探讨.介绍了PPGIS的概念,在分析PPGIS中公众参与方法的基础上提出一种基于图形的参与技术--IDM技术,阐述了基于图形的参与技术的数学原理--convex hull理论,构建了IDM技术在PPGIS中的应用模式,并通过资源规划决策地图分析了IDM技术应用于PPGIS的灵活性及优势. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):140-153
A hybrid system that integrates two-dimensional (2D) GIS and three-dimensional (3D) visualization has been developed to provide unique solutions to application domains where traditional 2D GIS and 3D visualization cannot alone provide a solution. In this paper, we focus on three key issues in realizing such an integrated system, including large-scale terrain rendering, 2D and 3D combination display (for example, rendering 2D GIS layers in 3D space), expanding traditional 2D GIS analysis functions into a 3D environment, and visualizing 3D geographical data. A generic framework is developed to integrate 3D visualization with various types of 2D GIS, such as commercial GIS software, open source GIS software and spatial databases. A prototype 2D and 3D hybrid system that seamlessly integrates 2D GIS (developed with ArcEngine) and 3D rendering engine (developed with DirectX) is then developed based on the framework. In this hybrid system, 2D and 3D data are viewed within the same scene. Multiple 2D GIS layers are overlaid on the base terrain using a Level of Detail (LOD) model. Advanced query functions, data accessing, data management and spatial analysis, which are executed in the traditional 2D GIS, are provided to users in a 3D environment by continuously transforming information between the 2D GIS subsystem and the 3D subsystem. The 3D data are organized and displayed by Keyhole Markup Language (KML) and textured 3D models in the COLLAborative Design Activity (COLLADA) format. The prototype demonstrates that this hybrid system has effectively addressed the three key issues identified above and that it can seamlessly integrate 2D GIS and 3D visualization. The hybrid system has great potential to be employed in many application domains, such as urban planning, landscape design and environmental decision making, among others, to enhance the 3D design capability and facilitate public participation in the planning, design and decision-making process. 相似文献
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在分析人工神经网络结构及功能的基础上,探讨以径向基函数(RBF)神经网络作为分析推理核心的GIS决策支持方法,重点研究了RBF网络的学习算法,并在此基础上建立了可对复杂非线性数据进行知识发现的四库三功能GIS决策支持系统。 相似文献
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本文从开展第一次全国地理国情普查工作出发,探讨了总体培训、内业培训、外业培训、成果统计分析培训、质量检查培训等几个关键节点的培训。地理国情普查是一项基础性的工作,成果数据的质量,关系到国土、规划、建设、水利、交通、环保、公安、园林、防灾减灾等政府各个部门对数据应用的效果和科学决策的准确性,做好几个关键节点的培训工作,有利于普查数据质量的提高。对顺利完成地理国情普查任务具有非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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This article presents two decision support plug‐ins in free GIS software: ArcGIS Explorer Desktop. The ubiquitous WebGIS Analysis Toolkit for Extensive Resources (uWATER) focuses on providing GIS analysis functions: spatial and attribute queries in the public services tool for users with limited access to commercial GIS software. The interface of uWATER is general enough to support decision‐making in numerous management issues in natural resources, economics and agriculture. The uWATER‐Pumping Assessment (uWATER‐PA) toolkit, on the other hand, is an extended package targeting the specific environmental issue of groundwater pumping impacts. The uWATER‐PA package is an excellent alternative to evaluating complex groundwater pumping assessment issues before investing significant time, labor, and funds in monitoring and detailed scientific study. It incorporates simulation of the physics of groundwater flow and user interaction into GIS software. A graphical user interface makes both data entry and interpretation of results intuitive to non‐technical individuals. Results are presented as colored drawdown maps and can be saved in GIS format for future dissemination. The impact of drawdown on existing wells can be characterized and mapped, through the use of uWATER's spatial query capabilities and the drawdown maps generated by uWATER‐PA. 相似文献
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The idea of public participation GIS involves the use of GIS tools to help laypcople understand the spatial consequences of proposed projects, evaluate alternatives, and create new solutions. The widening use of information networks creates opportunities for making GIS a widely accessible decision-making tool, bypassing the constraints of location and time. This paper presents a prototype software that enables group collaboration across space and time using the Internet infrastructure. The prototype, called Spatial Understanding and Decision Support System (SUDSS), was designed to facilitate a controlled experiment in collaborative group work aimed at solving a realistic land-use planning problem. The paper discusses design considerations for a distributed public GIS and presents the functionality of SUDSS using the example of group participation in developing a land-use zoning plan. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):580-588
This study discusses a geographical information system (GIS) for operating a local government's landscape and urban planning activities via a website. Implementing this web-GIS system will help build a more realistic landscape and urban planning model that includes citizen participation and city marketing. The approach is applicable to ubiquitous city (u-city) development based on geospatial web and its related systems. The approach presented is built on six selected elements of a u-city system. The outcome of the study includes sustainable analysis, environmental planning, urban planning, and city marketing. The outcome is applicable to cities that are planning to adopt the u-city system or advanced telecommunication or planning tools into their urban frameworks. 相似文献
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基于Google Earth虚拟地球平台的旅游规划研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以虚拟地球平台Google Earth为例,初步探讨了其在旅游规划资料准备、资源调查与评价、辅助空间分析、简化虚拟三维漫游、增强规划创意性以及专家合作与公众参与等方面的应用,为旅游规划的技术应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Spatial Prediction of Landslide Hazard Using Fuzzy k-means and Dempster-Shafer Theory 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Landslide databases and input parameters used for modeling landslide hazard often contain imprecisions and uncertainties inherent in the decision‐making process. Dealing with imprecision and uncertainty requires techniques that go beyond classical logic. In this paper, methods of fuzzy k‐means classification were used to assign digital terrain attributes to continuous landform classes whereas the Dempster‐Shafer theory of evidence was used to represent and manage imprecise information and to deal with uncertainties. The paper introduces the integration of the fuzzy k‐means classification method and the Dempster‐Shafer theory of evidence to model landslide hazard in roaded and roadless areas illustrated through a case study in the Clearwater National Forest in central Idaho, USA. Sample probabilistic maps of landslide hazard potential and uncertainties are presented. The probabilistic maps are intended to help decision‐making in effective forest management and planning. 相似文献