共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
郭庆胜 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1999,24(3):83
讨论了面状要素图形轮廓简化的一些规则以及面的空间知识获取方法,结合以直角方式转折的面状要素图形轮廓的特点,重点讨论了其图形渐进式简化方法。 相似文献
2.
以建筑平面图为数据源,提出了一种自动生成室内地图空间数据的方法。首先,结合室内地图空间数据的需求分析了建筑平面图的基本特征,提出了墙段、邻接节点和相邻墙段的概念,并在此基础上建立了自动生成室内地图空间数据的基本流程。然后,根据与柱子相交墙线的相邻关系,建立了与柱子关联墙体连通性的恢复方法;结合渐进扩张与图形推理判断门窗两侧墙体符号局部特征的类型,通过修正门窗外接矩形,建立了与门窗关联墙体连通性的恢复方法和将门窗转换为室内地图点状要素的方法。最后,基于相邻墙段中心线的几何关系,建立了墙体中线的提取算法。以某展览馆的建筑平面图为例进行试验,结果表明本文的方法针对多种复杂情况均有较好的适用性,有效实现了室内地图空间数据的自动生成。 相似文献
3.
Bahram Saeidian Abbas Rajabifard Behnam Atazadeh Mohsen Kalantari 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(6):1724-1747
In underground environments, survey elements such as survey points and observations provide the information required to define legal boundaries. These elements are also used to connect underground legal spaces to a geodetic survey network. Due to the issues of current 2D approaches for managing underground cadastral data, prominent 3D data models have been extended to support underground land administration. However, previous studies mostly focused on defining underground legal spaces and boundaries, with less emphasis on survey elements. This research aims to extend CityGML to support underground cadastral survey data. The proposed extension is based on the survey elements elicited from underground cadastral plans, which is then implemented for an underground case study area in Melbourne, Australia. This extension integrates underground survey data with legal and physical data in a 3D digital environment and provides an improved representation of survey elements, facilitating the management and communication of underground cadastral survey data. 相似文献
4.
World Wind网络空间数据扩展应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
World Wind是NASA发布的开放源码的地理软件,是提供丰富数据的数字地球平台之一,但是,如何在其已发布数据基础上,
通过网络应用来扩展其数据应用,如何将用户的应用数据或其它数据提供者的数据与现有数据结合使用,是我们需要解决的问题。通
过采用WebService技术进行地理信息服务和发布,使用GeoServer作为地图服务器,将OpenGIS Webservice规范和PostGIS空间数据
库进行整合,通过网络空间数据扩展使WorldWind客户端与其自身的数据服务集成使用。在其平台基础上基本实现可自由扩展和发
布数据供WorldWind客户端使用,实现更广泛和深入的扩展应用。 相似文献
5.
Adaptive zoning is a recently introduced method for improving computer modeling of spatial interactions and movements in the transport network. Unlike traditional zoning, where geographic locations are defined by one single universal plan of discrete land parcels or ‘zones’ for the study area, adaptive zoning establishes a compendium of different zone plans, each of which is applicable to one journey origin or destination only. These adaptive zone plans are structured to represent strong spatial interactions in proportionately more detail than weaker ones. In recent articles, it has been shown that adaptive zoning improves, by a large margin, the scalability of models of spatial interaction and road traffic assignment. This article confronts the method of adaptive zoning with an application of the scale and complexity for which it was intended, namely an application of mode choice modeling that at the same time requires a large study area and a fine‐grained zone system. Our hypothesis is that adaptive zoning can significantly improve the accuracy of mode choice modeling because of its enhanced sensitivity to the geographic patterns and scales of spatial interaction. We test the hypothesis by investigating the performance of three alternative models: (1) a spatially highly detailed model that is permissible to the maximum extent by available data, but requires a high computational load that is generally out of reach for rapid turnaround of policy studies; (2) a mode choice model for the same area, but reducing the computational load by 90% by using a traditional zone system consisting of fewer zones; and (3) a mode choice model that also reduces the computational load by 90%, but based on adaptive zoning instead. The tests are carried out on the basis of a case study that uses the dataset from the London Area Transport Survey. Using the first model as a benchmark, it is found that for a given computational load, the model based on adaptive zoning contains about twice the amount of information of the traditional model, and model parameters on adaptive zoning principles are more accurate by a factor of six to eight. The findings suggest that adaptive zoning has a significant potential in enhancing the accuracy of mode choice modeling at the city or city‐region scale. 相似文献
6.
针对同一空间数据跨不同媒介出版时存在的重复地图制作以及视觉表达效果不统一问题,提出了地图跨媒介出版的概念。通过分析现有地图数据模型,深入挖掘PDF结构中标识内容对象、逻辑结构对象以及可选内容对象等页面内容对象的潜在优势,重点围绕要素对象编码、要素对象结构以及要素分层结构设计了地图跨媒介出版数据模型,该模型突破了过去对满足印刷要求的制图数据和地理空间数据只能分阶段或分模型描述的限制,为地图跨媒介出版数据的存储与管理创造了条件。最后经过试验测试,结果表明了该模型的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
7.
本文介绍了测度地图信息量的原理及方法,提出一种测度地图信息量的改进方法—特征信息量法,并在1:1万、1:5万、1:25万、1:100万地形图上分别选出图上100 cm2、实地域相重的三种地区,即居民地稀疏区(高山)、居民地中密区(丘陵)、居民地稠密区(平原)进行试验,最后对地图信息量进行评价并提出改进意见。 相似文献
8.
针对现有的商业地理信息系统平台难以灵活整合多源影像数据融合使用的问题,深入研究Cesium平台下多种数据源的空间参考差异和瓦片组织规则,针对不同空间参考的瓦片数据源进行混搭设计,提出基于Cesium的多源本地瓦片数据静态和动态加载方案。实验结果表明,单一瓦片数据源加载方案、静态和动态多源瓦片混搭方案的展示效果较好;静态瓦片混搭方案在加载不同空间参考瓦片数据时容易造成变形;动态多源、多空间参考瓦片混搭方案能有效克服变形问题且展示效果佳。本文实现了在开源GIS平台下的多源影像数据的融合使用,为地理信息系统与遥感类项目应用提供了一个低成本、高灵活性的解决方案,具有较为明显的实际应用价值。 相似文献
9.
The hierarchid tessellation model belongs to a class of spatial data models based on the recursive decomposition of space. The quadtree is one such tessellation and is characterized by square cells and a 1:4 decomposition ratio. To relax these constraints in the tessellation, a generalized hierarchical tessellation data model, called Adaptive Recursive Tessellations (ART), has been proposed. ART increases flexibility in the tessellation by the use of rectangular cells and variable decomposition ratios. In ART, users can specify cell sizes which are intuitively meaningful to their applications, or which can reflect the scales of data. ART is implemented in a data structure called Adaptive Recursive Run-Encoding (ARRE), which is a variant of two-dimensional run-encoding whose running path can vary with the different tessellation structures incorporated in an ART model. Given the recognition of the benefits of implementing statistical spatial analysis in GIS, the use of hierarchical tessellation models such as ART in spatial analysis is discussed. Three examples are introduced to show how ART can: (1) be applied to solve the quadrat size problem in quadrat analysis of point patterns; (2) act as the data model in the variable resolution block kriging technique for geostatistical data to reduce variation in kriging error; and (3) facilitate the evaluation of spatial autocorrelation for area data at multiple map resolutions via the construction of a connectivity matrix for calculating spatial autocorrelation indices based on ARRE. 相似文献
10.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):223-237
This paper presents a knowledge discovery approach to extracting knowledge from area–class resource maps. Prototype theory forms the basis of the approach which consists of two major components: (1) a scheme for organizing knowledge used in categorizing geographic entities which allows for the modeling of indeterminate boundaries and non–uniform memberships within categories; and (2) a data mining method using the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm for extracting such knowledge from area–class maps. A case study on knowledge discovery from a soil map demonstrates the details of the approach. The study shows that knowledge for classifying geographic entities with indeterminate boundaries is embedded in area–class maps and can be extracted through data mining; and that continuous spatial variation of geographic entities can be better modeled if the knowledge discovery process retains knowledge of within-class variations as well as transitions between classes. 相似文献
11.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):315-318
Development of a temporal geographic information system (GIS) and spatio-temporal data modeling are key to incorporating time into geographic information science. This paper describes how to design and develop temporal GIS that will work with spatio-temporal data represented in various data models, and it introduces a prototype temporal GIS with a case study. In temporal GIS, the integration of multiple spatio-temporal representations is based on common spatial and temporal reference systems. In other words, a map window of temporal GIS visualizes spatio-temporal data valid at the same time within one spatial area. To achieve such visualization, separate data editing and query modules are required for each spatio-temporal data model (STDM). In the temporal query interface, after a user specifies a time, the system automatically hires correspondent modules to retrieve spatio-temporal data valid at that time. Besides temporal queries common to all STDMs, each module may provide additional temporal query capabilities specific to that STDM. In the case study, I implement a prototype temporal GIS for three STDMs. The examples of query and visualization, which use three datasets (census data, land use/land cover, and elevation data) demonstrate the prototype temporal GIS can integrate multiple temporal representations. 相似文献
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13.
面向空间数据连续地图综合问题,提出了一种基于骨架线端点匹配的面状要素渐变方法,通过在两个关键表达之间进行尺度内插,实时、动态地派生任意中间比例尺地图数据。首先,对面状要素在大小比例尺下的两重表达分别进行约束Delaunay三角网剖分并提取各自的骨架线特征;然后,使用最优子序双射优化技术对骨架端点进行匹配获得多边形边界上相对应的特征点序列;最后,在剖分边界的基础上进行分段常规线性内插,获得面状要素介于始末尺度之间的多尺度表达。实验结果表明,该算法充分顾及了空间数据弯曲结构特征,对于光滑边界面状要素的渐变变换具有良好的渐变效果,可用于空间数据的连续地图综合和多尺度表达。 相似文献
14.
针对一些通用的空间数据的数据交换格式进行了研究，并就不同数据格式的数据量进行了对比实验。结果表明，在栅格数据中，．bmp格式的数据量最大，.jpg格式和．gif格式的数据量较小；矢量格式的数据量的大小与空间数据的属性有关，在几种常用的矢量格式中，．e00格式的数据量最大。 相似文献
15.
Accounting for Spatial Uncertainty in Optimization with Spatial Decision Support Systems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts Michael F. Goodchild & Gerard B. M. Heuvelink 《Transactions in GIS》2003,7(2):211-230
Spatial decision support systems (SDSS) are designed to make complex resource allocation problems more transparent and to support the design and evaluation of allocation plans. Recent developments in this field focus on the design of allocation plans using optimization techniques. In this paper we analyze how uncertainty in spatial (input) data propagates through, and affects the results of, an optimization model. The optimization model calculates the optimal location for a ski run based on a slope map, which is derived from a digital elevation model (DEM). The uncertainty propagation is a generic method following a Monte Carlo approach, whereby realizations of the spatially correlated DEM error are generated using 'sequential Gaussian simulation'. We successfully applied the methodology to a case study in the Austrian Alps, showing the influence of spatial uncertainty on the optimal location of a ski run and the associated development costs. We also discuss the feasibility of routine incorporation of uncertainty propagation methodologies in an SDSS. 相似文献
16.
Shapes on a plane: evaluating the impact of projection distortion on spatial binning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACTOne method for working with large, dense sets of spatial point data is to aggregate the measure of the data into polygonal containers, such as political boundaries, or into regular spatial bins such as triangles, squares, or hexagons. When mapping these aggregations, the map projection must inevitably distort relationships. This distortion can impact the reader’s ability to compare count and density measures across the map. Spatial binning, particularly via hexagons, is becoming a popular technique for displaying aggregate measures of point data sets. Increasingly, we see questionable use of the technique without attendant discussion of its hazards. In this work, we discuss when and why spatial binning works and how mapmakers can better understand the limitations caused by distortion from projecting to the plane. We introduce equations for evaluating distortion’s impact on one common projection (Web Mercator) and discuss how the methods used generalize to other projections. While we focus on hexagonal binning, these same considerations affect spatial bins of any shape, and more generally, any analysis of geographic data performed in planar space. 相似文献
17.
基于GPS与GIS集成的车辆导航系统设计与实现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了基于GPS与GIS集成的车辆导航系统设计与实现 ,探讨了导航系统中电子地图的空间数据组织 ,提出了GPS信号与GIS路网数据匹配、快速的邮路选择、最佳路径选择、地图随驾驶方向快速实时旋转技术及语音提示、语音识别技术的使用。 相似文献
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19.
Yukio Sadahiro 《Transactions in GIS》2005,9(3):323-344
The quality of spatial data is limited by the accuracy of their sources such as paper maps and satellite images. It is also reduced by errors in map digitization and photo interpretation. Spatial operations performed on spatial data such as map overlay, buffer operations and spatial smoothing, do not always work correctly because their accuracy depends on the quality of spatial data. The present paper evaluates the accuracy of the buffer operation on a point and a line segment in relation to the positional accuracy of spatial data. Two quantitative measures are introduced to assess the accuracy of the buffer operation. Their explicit forms are derived for a point, and a condition is presented where the measures can be evaluated efficiently by numerical calculation. Applications provide empirical findings that deepen our understanding of the relationship between the accuracy of spatial data and that of the buffer operation. 相似文献
20.
地籍宗地面积处理的原理与方法 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
探讨以地图数字化为基础的地理信息系统建库中地籍宗地数字化的面积处理问题,阐述宗地面积平差的原理,并导出了相应的条件方程,讨论宗地面积处理的各种和实现,提出宗地面积处理的分级平差方法;最后通过实例分析,认为宗地面积的平差处理有助于实现GIS数据采集和建库过程中实施质量控制,保证地理信息基础数据的质量可靠性,为系统的数据开发应用奠定基础。 相似文献