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1.
冰面湖是冰川的重要组成部分,是冰川消融的指示器,不仅对全球气候变化响应迅速,而且对了解和掌握区域水资源信息意义重大。本文基于Sentinel-2遥感数据,利用随机森林算法,对巴尔托洛冰川冰面湖进行识别提取,并基于提取结果分析研究区冰面湖的空间分布特征,以及冰面湖面积、数量与冰川高程的关系。本文冰面湖提取的准确率达96.07%,完整率达92.18%,错误率为11.59%;识别出巴尔托洛冰川冰面湖567个,面积为249.46～37 134 m2;冰面湖多分布在距冰川末端3～26 km处,其中海拔3800～4300 m之间冰面湖数量最多,面积普遍较大,平均面积为1922 m2;随着高程的升高,冰面湖的数量和面积逐渐减少,在高程5300 m以上冰面湖数量仅为15个,平均面积为356 m2;高程升高导致冰面温度降低,是冰面湖数量和面积骤减的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
南极Dome A地区高精度DEM的建立——顾及波形重定、坡度改正及数据融合 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
介绍了CryoSat-2LRM模式下优化后的OCOG、CFI和LIRT的3种波形重定算法。基于南极Dome-A昆仑站区的实测GPS数据,比较了CryoSat-2LRM模式下的3种波形重定方法,对不同波形重定算法下的测高数据进行了精度评估。结果表明优化后的OCOG算法精度最好,与GPS结果平均差值约为-0.07m,标准差约为0.60m,明显优于其他两种算法。通过比较坡度与卫星数据精度的关系,发现坡度因素对于卫星测高数据精度的影响不可忽视,在Dome A地区验证结果表明,坡度改正可使得卫星测高精度提高约38%。最后联合GPS和CryoSat-2OCOG数据,建立了南极Dome-A地区300m分辨率DEM,其精度约为0.24m。 相似文献
3.
拉斯曼丘陵地区位于东南极伊丽莎白公主地,中国南极中山站位于拉斯曼丘陵的东部,是中国南极科学考察的重要地区。数字高程模型（DEM）是南极冰盖变化研究的基础,卫星测高数据是南极地区构建DEM的主要数据来源。CryoSat-2是新一代用于极地冰盖和海冰监测的测高卫星,联合2013年和2014年南极冬季的CryoSat-2测高数据以及中国、澳大利亚、印度三个国家现场测量的60余个地面高程数据,利用克里金插值方法建立了拉斯曼丘陵地区200 m分辨率的DEM（简称LA-DEM）。利用未参与插值的地面高程数据对新建立的LA-DEM进行了验证,并与Bamber 1km DEM、ICESat DEM、RAMPv2 DEM以及BEDMAP 2等四种国际上常用的南极DEM进行比较,结果表明LA-DEM的高程精度约为19.7 m,优于其他4种南极DEM。 相似文献
4.
《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2016,(11)
卫星测高技术是研究两极冰面高程变化和物质平衡状态的主要手段。相对于传统高度计,CryoSat-2不仅能够提供更加密集的轨道覆盖,同时也提高了南极边缘地区的测量精度。但369d的重访周期也使得传统的基于交叉轨道算法的时序分析不再适用,通过对CryoSat-2轨迹特征的分析,提出了基于近重复轨道的冰面高程变化模型。针对CryoSat-2数据预处理,采用基于地表模型的粗差剔除方法进行了粗差剔除,并基于EnviSat与CryoSat-2的协同分析,对CryoSat-2中的后向散射能量进行了系统变化趋势改正。利用2012-01~2014-05的CryoSat-2数据,对东南极PANDA断面考察沿线冰面高程变化进行了研究。实验结果表明,整个考察沿线高程变化趋势为0.017±0.009m/a。该结论与其他学者提取相应流域的平均积累率相一致。但其分布不均匀,局部效应明显。通过与考察线路实测结果对比,两者在相对积累特征上基本一致。 相似文献
5.
2003~2009年全球冰川物质平衡量大约为-259 Gt·a~(-1)±28 Gt·a~(-1),冰川高程变化和物质平衡研究一直是冰川研究的重要方面。简要介绍了目前主要用于冰川高程变化研究的卫星高度计数据和冰川高程变化和物质平衡研究的主要方法。不同学者对全球各个主要冰川的物质平衡计算结果显示,全球冰川基本上都是负的物质平衡。随着卫星遥感技术的不断发展,卫星高度计将获得精度更高的全球高程数据,为冰川高程变化和物质平衡提供更多的数据支持。 相似文献
6.
利用GPS的北极冰川运动监测与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了2005～2010年的6期GPS观测数据,获取了冰川表面监测标杆的年均运动速度。结果表明,两条冰川物质平衡当前均处于负平衡状态。结合该地区1936年测量的冰面高程数据,对73a以来冰川总体物质平衡情况进行了比较分析,认为两条冰川当前处于加速消融的状态。 相似文献
7.
海冰类型是北极海冰监测中的重要变量,详细的海冰类型信息对冰情评估、气候预测和冬季海上交通管理等具有重要意义.CryoSat-2卫星携带先进的合成孔径雷达高度计,具有观测尺度大、能够全天时全天候观测的优势,是研究两极海冰变化的一种方法.本文使用CryoSat-2卫星SAR模式下波形数据识别北极海冰类型,采用阈值法、K-N... 相似文献
8.
南极数字高程模型(DEM)是南极冰盖变化研究的基础数据,在我国南极重点考察地区Dome A及中山站至Dome A考察断面,利用新一代测高卫星CryoSat-2,对常用的几种插值方法如反距离加权、克里金、径向基函数、局部多项式和最近邻点插值方法的插值精度进行交叉比较,结果显示克里金插值方法的精度最高。利用中国第21次南极科学考察队采集的GPS数据,对克里金插值方法生成的两个区域的DEM精度进行验证。结果表明,坡度较小的Dome A区域DEM精度较高,平均高差为1.248 m,标准差为0.51 m;坡度较大的中山站至Dome A断面区域DEM精度较低,平均高程差达到3.87 m,标准差为9.358 m。 相似文献
9.
山地冰川物质平衡是研究冰川变化的重要参数。自21世纪初,全球气候变暖背景下大部分山地冰川消融加速,而青藏高原西昆仑山冰川却呈现稳定甚至冰量增加趋势,被认为是“喀喇昆仑异常”的中心,但该地区近年来冰量变化是否仍延续正平衡趋势还存在一些争论。因此,本文利用新近发布的ICESat-2卫星测高和TanDEM-X 90m DEM数据,定量估算了2013—2019年间西昆仑山冰川厚度变化和物质平衡,并结合SRTM DEM、冰流速资料和Landsat光学影像分别分析了该地区近20 a冰川物质平衡变化趋势、冰川跃动情况和冰川面积变化。结果表明：(1)2013—2019年间,西昆仑山大部分冰川仍处于积累或平衡状态,物质积累速率为0.228±0.055 m w.e./a;(2)近20 a内,冰川整体呈正平衡趋势,但2013—2019年冰川物质年均积累速率大于2000—2013年(0.173±0.014 m w.e./a);(3)2013年后,冰川跃动仍广泛分布,发现5Y641F0046冰川首次发生跃动,西昆仑冰川东支和5Y641F0073冰川近20 a内一直处于活跃期,中峰冰川由2013年前的活跃状态转为... 相似文献
10.
冰川物质平衡是反映冰川消融与积累关系的重要指标,也是联系冰川与气候变化的纽带,对于评估冰川动态变化具有十分重要的意义。马兰山冰川位于青藏高原北部,作为东昆仑山系中消融最为剧烈的冰川之一,为了评估其在全球气候变暖背景下的物质平衡变化,利用TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X合成孔径雷达数据、ICESat-2激光雷达高度计数据、SRTM DEM数据,基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量和激光雷达测高技术对其2000年—2020年高程变化进行了研究,并估算了物质平衡。结果表明：近20年来,该区域41条冰川平均表面高程变化-5.64±0.96 m,物质平衡为-0.24±0.06 m·w·e/a,呈明显负平衡状态。其中,2000年—2012年冰川的消融速度（-0.30±0.04 m·w·e/a）要略快于2012年—2020年消融速度（-0.22±0.11 m·w·e/a）。结合GPCC（Global Precipitation Climatology Centre）降水与GHCN_CAMS（Global Historical Climatology Network）气温再分析数据集可知：自2000年以来,马兰山冰川整体受夏季气温升高影响,消融剧烈,年降水量微弱增加仅弥补了少部分由升温带来的物质亏损。此外,由于2012后气温增速变慢,夏季气温波动降低,导致了冰川在2012年—2020年间消融速度有所减缓。根据Landsat-7遥感影像发现,马兰山南坡存在一条跃动冰川,跃动发生于2007年—2012年间,冰川末端在此期间异常增厚并前进了约251 m。 相似文献
11.
针对青藏高原冰川高程变化研究较少的问题,该文提出一种大范围区域的冰川高程变化监测方法。基于ICESat激光高度计数据,联合利用SRTM DEM数据,计算念青唐古拉山脉冰川的高程变化,进而反演冰川的冰量变化。结果显示,念青唐古拉山冰川高程在2003—2009年间平均减薄速率为(0.53±0.47)(m·a~(-1)),估算得到冰量年均减少(0.32±0.28)km~3,总体呈逐年减少趋势,证明冰川一直处于消融状态。拉萨和当雄气象站的资料表明,冰川消融主要是由于当地气温升高。 相似文献
12.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):516-532
Abstract This paper presents the first measurement of multi-decadal thickness and volume changes (1969–2000) of the Dongkemadi Ice Field (DIF) in the Tanggula Mountains, central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, using multi-source remote sensing data. These include the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) acquired in February, 2000, a DEM generated by digitising analogue topographic maps from 1969, and Landsat ETM+ imagery from 2000. Digital glacier outlines and GIS-based processing were used to calculate an elevation difference map to evaluate the relative elevation error of these two DEMs over ice-free areas. This method was also used to identify regions of glacier elevation thinning and thickening corresponding to glacier mass loss and gain. Analysis of 67,520 points on flat grass and rock terrain surrounding the DIF, with a slope less than 25°, showed a mean elevation difference of –0.90 m and a standard deviation of 5.58 m. A thickness change error within ±6 m was estimated. Between 1969 and 2000, 76.51% of the whole DIF area appeared to be thinning while 23.49% showed thickening. The average glacier surface thinning was –12.58 m with a standard deviation of 18.29 m and the estimated volume loss was 1.17 km3. The standard deviation of volume change was 0.0006 km3 over the DIF. A thinning rate up to 0.41±0.194 m a?1 or 0.038 km3 a?1 for the volume loss was observed for the whole ice field, which seems to be evidence for the ongoing retreat of glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was found that the spatial thickness change pattern derived from the remote sensing method was consistent with the thickness change results of the Small Dongkemadi Glacier (SDG) from field measurements. The estimated error of the annual thickness change rate was on the order of 5%. The relationship between elevation change and absolute glacier elevation over typical glaciers was also analysed, showing considerable variability. These changes have possibly resulted from increased temperature and decreased precipitation in this region. 相似文献
13.
Jeffrey A. VanLooy 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):167-181
Advanced space-borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer imagery and Digital Elevation Models were used to analyse surface elevation changes of six glaciers in Northern Labrador. Results indicate an average surface thinning of0.94 ± 0.49 m y?1 (water equivalent) between 2000 and 2009. Three glaciers had an average elevation change of ?1.16 ± 0.55 m y?1 (water equivalent) whichis three times the thinning rate found in a study from 1981 to 1983 ?0.36 ± 0.10 m y?1 water equivalent). Analysis of surface characteristics in relation to elevation changes shows expected results of rapid thinning in bare ice areas and near zero change in accumulation areas. Debris covered areas of three glaciers show expected results of moderate thinning, but three other glaciers indicate high rates of thinning. Variability in thinning rates suggests possible influences in the type ofdebris and/or variations in climate such as increased rainfall. 相似文献
14.
高山冰川遥感提取方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘梅 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(10):135-138,143
遥感的应用使得对冰川大尺度全覆盖、多时相变化的监测成为可能,然而冰川信息遥感提取方法的误差大等难题成为影响冰川监测的障碍。本文综合分析比较了目前已有的多种冰川提取方法的有效性,得出提取冰川范围精度最高的是面向对象的目视判读方法,其次是最大似然法监督分类、面向对象的自动分类、比值阈值法、雪盖指数法等。各自动方法提取冰川面积均有较大误差,且误差主要出现在冰舌末端、阴影区、薄冰区和云层遮盖范围等区域。本文将面向对象的目视判读法应用于冰川提取中,在保证信息提取精度的同时提高了传统解译的效率。 相似文献
15.
Seasonal snow melt in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, has been ending earlier over the last several decades leaving the region to rely more on supplemental melt water from mountain glaciers. This leads to the necessity of understanding recent glacial changes. This study uses elevation data from 1966, 2006 and 2011 to calculate surface elevation and volume changes that have occurred on Continental Glacier. Results indicate a mean volume change of ?0.034 ± 0.02 km3 and surface elevation change of ?0.36 ± 0.19 m y?1 between 1966 and 2006. Detailed spatial analysis shows that the glacier is divided into two sections which are thinning at different rates (lower section: ?0.06±0.19 m y?1; upper section: ?0.51 ± 0.19 m y?1). The upper section has experienced 97% of the thinning (or 742.5 × 103 m3 of melt water equivalent per year) and increased its rate since 2006 by 27.5%. 相似文献
16.
Har Amrit Singh Sandhu Hemendra Singh Gusain Manoj Kumar Arora Arun Bawa 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(11):1835-1840
Dokriani Glacier is regarded as one of the important glaciers of Bhagirathi River basin, which fed river Ganges. The length of the glacier is about 4.6 km, and snout elevation is about 4028 m m.s.l. The mass balance of this glacier was calculated using field-based measurements for few years during 1994 to 2000. However, due to remote and poor accessibility, the field-based measurements could not continue; thus, remote sensing-based methods become useful tool to estimate the long-term mass balance of the glacier. In this study, glacier mass balance has been determined using accumulation area ratio (AAR) method. Remote sensing data sets, e.g. Landsat TM, ETM?+?and OLI, have been used to estimate AAR for different years from 1994 to 2014. An attempt has also been made to develop a mathematical relationship between remote sensing-derived AAR and field-observed mass balance data of the glacier. Further, this relationship has been used to estimate mass balance of the glacier for different years using remote sensing-derived AAR. Estimated mass balance was validated from ground-observed mass balance for few years. The field-observed and remote sensing-derived mass balance data are compared and showed high correlation. It has been observed that AAR for the Dokriani Glacier varies from 0.64 to 0.71. Mass balance of the glacier was observed between ??15.54 cm and ??50.95 cm during the study period. The study highlights the application of remote sensing in mass balance study of the glaciers and impact of climate change in glaciers of Central Indian Himalaya. 相似文献
17.
Jérôme Korona Etienne Berthier Marc Bernard Frédérique Rémy Eric Thouvenot 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(2):204-212
Monitoring the evolution of polar glaciers, ice caps and ice streams is of utmost importance because they constitute a good indicator of global climate change and contribute significantly to ongoing sea level rise. Accurate topographic surveys are particularly relevant as they reflect the geometric evolution of ice masses. Unfortunately, the precision and/or spatial coverage of current satellite missions (radar altimetry, ICESat) or field surveys are generally insufficient. Improving our knowledge of the topography of Polar Regions is the goal of the SPIRIT (SPOT 5 stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images and Topographies) international polar year (IPY) project. SPIRIT will allow (1) the acquisition of a large archive of SPOT 5 stereoscopic images covering most polar ice masses and, (2) the delivery of digital terrain models (DTM) to the scientific community.Here, we present the architecture of this project and the coverage achieved over northern and southern polar areas during the first year of IPY (July 2007 to April 2008). We also provide the first accuracy assessments of the SPIRIT DTMs. Over Jakobshavn Isbrae (West Greenland), SPIRIT elevations are within ±6 m of ICESat elevations for 90% of the data. Some comparisons with ICESat profiles over Devon ice cap (Canada), St Elias Mountains (Alaska) and west Svalbard confirm the good overall quality of the SPIRIT DTMs although large errors are observed in the flat accumulation area of Devon ice cap. We then demonstrate the potential of SPIRIT DTMs for mapping glacier elevation changes. The comparison of summer-2007 SPIRIT DTMs with October-2003 ICESat profiles shows that the thinning of Jakobshavn Isbrae (by 30–40 m in 4 years) is restricted to the fast glacier trunk. The thinning of the coastal part of the ice stream (by over 100 m) and the retreat of its calving front (by up to 10 km) are clearly depicted by comparing the SPIRIT DTM to an ASTER April-2003 DTM. 相似文献
18.
The expected responses of ice sheets to climate warming are growth in the thickness of the inland ice areas and thinning near the margins. In recent decades, researchers have identified glacier acceleration along Antarctic ice sheet coastal margins. However, the study of ice sheet interiors where seasonal accumulation eventually balances ice wastage at the lower elevation is poorly understood. In this paper, the ice sheet elevation change around Dome A region is analyzed from 2002 to 2012 using two million elevation change measurements from EnviSat satellite radar altimeter data covering an area of about 7000 km2. A declining trend of 0.572 ± 1.31 mm/year which means that the Dome A region was in balance during the last decade can be captured. In addition, two obvious changes in accumulation which divide elevation change time series into three independent equilibration stages are also extracted. In order to explain this phenomenon, two speculations related to snowfall and firn compaction are proposed in this paper. 相似文献
19.
Glaciers are widely recognized as key indicators of climate change, and melt water obtained from them is an important source of fresh water and for hydropower generation. Regular monitoring of a large number of Himalayan glaciers is important for improving our knowledge of glacier response to climate change. In the present study, Survey of India topographical maps (1966) and Landsat datasets as ETM+ (2000, 2006) and TM (2011) have been used to study glacier fluctuations in Tirungkhad basin. A deglaciation of 26.1% (29.1?km2) in terms of area from 1966 to 2011 was observed. Lower altitude small glaciers (area?<?1?km2) lost more ice (34%), while glaciers with an area <10?km2 lost less (20%). The percentage of change in glacier length was 26% (31.9?km) from 1966 to 2011. The south-facing glaciers showed high percentages of loss. From 2000 to 2011, debris cover has increased by 1.34%. The analysis of the trend in meteorological data collected from Kalpa and Purbani stations was carried out by Mann Kendall non-parametric method. During the last two decades, the mean annual temperature (Tmax and Tmin) has increased significantly, accompanied with a fall in snow water equivalent (SWE) and rainfall. The increasing trend in temperature and decreasing trend in SWE were significant at 95% confidence level. This observation shows that the warming of the climate is probably one of the major reasons for the glacier change in the basin. 相似文献
20.
Application of digital elevation model and orthoimages derived from IRS-1C pan stereo data in monitoring variations in glacial dimensions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An attempt has been made to study variations in the glacier extent over a period of time using digital elevation model (DEM)
and orthoimages derived from IRS-1C PAN stereo pairs of 1997–98 and topographical map surveyed during 1962–63. DEM and orthoimages
have been generated using integrated software developed for processing of IRSIC/ID panchromatic stereo data using the softcopy
photogrammetric workstation. Case studies of two glaciers, i.e. the Janapa garang and Shaune garang glaciers of the Basapa
basin, a sub-basin of Satluj River in India, have been presented here. Generation of DEM has been followed by the estimation
of its accuracy. PAN images were interpreted for identification of the snout of the glaciers. The geographical locations of
the snouts on the images were compared with the location as mapped on the topographical map of the study area. To verify satellite
observations, field investigations were carried out at Shaune garang glacier area. The Janapa garang and the Shaune garang
are observed to have retreat of 596m and 923 m respectively. Reduction in the thickness of ice in the deglaciated part of
the Shaune garang glacier was estimated on the basis of change in the elevations of the glacial surface from 1963 to 1998. 相似文献