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1.
Recent literature on border effect has fostered research on informal barriers to trade and the role played by network dependencies. In relation to social networks, it has been shown that intensity of trade in goods is positively correlated with migration flows between pairs of countries/regions. In this article, we investigate whether such a relation also holds for interregional trade of services. We also consider whether interregional trade flows in services linked with tourism exhibit spatial and/or social network dependence. Conventional empirical gravity models assume the magnitude of bilateral flows between regions is independent of flows to/from regions located nearby in space, or flows to/from regions related through social/cultural/ethic network connections. With this aim, we provide estimates from a set of gravity models showing evidence of statistically significant spatial and network (demographic) dependence in the bilateral flows of the trade of services considered. The analysis has been applied to the Spanish intra- and interregional monetary flows of services from the accommodation, restaurants and travel agencies for the period 2000–2009, using alternative datasets for the migration stocks and definitions of network effects. 相似文献
2.
May Yuan 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(4):900-912
This article highlights the key intellectual development in human dynamics research, examines the modeling emphases in publications, and argues for research directions in need. Human dynamics research is discussed in two broad directions: spacing time and timing space, to model human activities and interactions. Time is essential to human dynamics research. Space, while often being overlooked, in complement with time is critical to understanding human dynamics because knowing where activities take place is essential to knowing how and why people act and interact. Some interactions allow remote or asynchronized participations, and others require movement to collocate individuals for participating in synchronized activities. A spacing time approach examines the temporal gaps between interactions. A timing space approach investigates the spatial pulses between interactions. Primary research in the spacing time of human dynamics established queueing theories to explain the bursts and heavy‐tailed distribution of human interactions. Although research on the timing space of human dynamics enjoys growing popularity with data from geo‐tagged social media and location‐aware social internet of things (SIoT), its publications remain mostly exploratory. This article suggests a hierarchical framework to systematically study human dynamics and relate findings to build the body of knowledge about human dynamics. 相似文献
3.
Network Density Estimation: A GIS Approach for Analysing Point Patterns in a Network Space 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Giuseppe Borruso 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(3):377-402
Human activities and more generally the phenomena related to human behaviour take place in a network‐constrained subset of the geographical space. These phenomena can be expressed as locations having their positions configured by a road network, as address points with street numbers. Although these events are considered as points on a network, point pattern analysis and the techniques implemented in a GIS environment generally consider events as taking place in a uniform space, with distance expressed as Euclidean and over a homogeneous and isotropic space. Network‐spatial analysis has developed as a research agenda where the attention is drawn towards point pattern analytical techniques applied to a space constrained by a road network. Little attention has been put on first order properties of a point pattern (i.e. density) in a network space, while mainly second order analysis such as nearest neighbour and K‐functions have been implemented for network configurations of the geographical space. In this article, a method for examining clusters of human‐related events on a network, called Network Density Estimation (NDE), is implemented using spatial statistical tools and GIS packages. The method is presented and compared to conventional first order spatial analytical techniques such as Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Network Density Estimation is tested using the locations of a sample of central, urban activities associated with bank and insurance company branches in the central areas of two midsize European cities, Trieste (Italy) and Swindon (UK). 相似文献
4.
Social media messages, such as tweets, are frequently used by people during natural disasters to share real‐time information and to report incidents. Within these messages, geographic locations are often described. Accurate recognition and geolocation of these locations are critical for reaching those in need. This article focuses on the first part of this process, namely recognizing locations from social media messages. While general named entity recognition tools are often used to recognize locations, their performance is limited due to the various language irregularities associated with social media text, such as informal sentence structures, inconsistent letter cases, name abbreviations, and misspellings. We present NeuroTPR, which is a Neuro‐net ToPonym Recognition model designed specifically with these linguistic irregularities in mind. Our approach extends a general bidirectional recurrent neural network model with a number of features designed to address the task of location recognition in social media messages. We also propose an automatic workflow for generating annotated data sets from Wikipedia articles for training toponym recognition models. We demonstrate NeuroTPR by applying it to three test data sets, including a Twitter data set from Hurricane Harvey, and comparing its performance with those of six baseline models. 相似文献
5.
着眼于低频浮动车轨迹数据,对地图匹配问题进行了抽象,并分析了影响匹配结果的几何约束与拓扑约束。针对GPS采样的低频性和城市路网的复杂性,提出了一种路网拓扑约束下的增量型地图匹配算法（topology-constrained incremental matching algorithm,TIM）。选取北京市浮动车的GPS样例轨迹数据进行匹配,结果表明,该匹配算法在不同复杂程度的城市路网下均表现较好。 相似文献
6.
一种三维GIS混合数据结构研究 总被引：122，自引：8，他引：122
本文在对三维ＧＩＳ中多种数据结构进行分析的基础上，发展了三维行程码方法，完善了有关四面体格网的理论和算法，提出了一种基于八叉树和四面体格网的混合数据结构，以及基于混合数据结构的３Ｄ ＧＩＳ概念，最后通过实验对有关理论成果进行了验证。 相似文献
7.
Kevin Baker Kristien Ooms Steven Verstockt Pascal Brackman Philippe De Maeyer Rik Van de Walle 《制图学和地理信息科学》2017,44(5):422-435
ABSTRACTRouting and navigation services for leisure activities are conditioned by special needs and trade-offs. The advent of online communities and large crowdsourced datasets offers opportunities to improve the adoption of a user’s perspective in these suggested paths. This paper focuses on achieving two goals. First, the presented methodology analyses a dataset of 190,610 historical GPS traces to gain insights into the appreciation or attractiveness of each edge in a real-world network for a specific leisure activity (i.e. road cycling). Second, as literature on these leisure activities is still sparse, we want to create a thorough understanding of the activities at hand for future work. An appreciation model is proposed and the spread of this score is analyzed in shortest-path alternatives of popular routing engines for this activity. This analysis successfully discriminates these shortest paths based on the scoring value and three morphological parameters of the path. However, the robustness of the model should be improved to ensure the viability of the proposed approach in future work. More specifically, further research on the local optimality of the route choices will be imperative. 相似文献
8.
Geovisualization of Human Hybrid Activity-Travel Patterns 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
While GIS‐based geovisualization techniques have been fruitfully employed in a wide range of fields, they have not been applied to explore human hybrid activity‐travel patterns (i.e. the patterns of people's activities and/or travel in both the physical and virtual worlds). This study develops two geovisualization approaches using 3D and 2D GIS techniques to address the difficulties faced by past studies. First, the notions of information cube and hybrid 3D space‐time paths are developed to accommodate cyberspatial activities in exploratory data analysis. Second, a new representation of 2D space‐time paths that incorporates parallel coordinate plots is developed for exploring the multiple attributes of people's Internet and physical activities. These two methods were implemented using ArcObjects and the Visual Basic for Applications environment in ArcGIS. They were used to visualize a complex Internet‐activity diary dataset collected in Columbus (Ohio, USA). The study shows that the 3D and 2D geovisualization methods developed allow us to uncover important patterns in hybrid human activity‐travel behavior. 相似文献
9.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):141-157
Most urban green space research focuses on the social benefits of parks and recreational areas. However, in areas with high levels of resource deprivation and physical disorder, parks may function as criminal marketplaces. Parks in such areas may cease to provide net benefits to the surrounding community and instead serve as a vector for criminal activity. Parks in eastern Kansas City, Kansas, are examined in terms of the probability of criminal marketplaces and beneficial social contribution. Variables for resource deprivation and social disorder are calculated for the study area and compared to national aggregates to identify which parks may behave as criminal marketplaces. In such cases, parks should exhibit an inverse relationship between distance from a park and number of criminal offenses per acre. Evaluating the incidence of crime near parks using geographic information systems (GIS) buffer analysis, proximity analysis, and spatial statistics demonstrates that parks in areas of extreme resource deprivation do not serve beneficial social roles, and some parks contradict conventional criminal justice and urban economic theory. 相似文献
10.
近些年,全球极端天气事件增多、自然灾害加剧、暴力恐怖活动激增,给社会稳定和人民生命财产安全造成极大危害。如何综合利用各种现代信息技术,聚合分析天空地多源多维异构数据,实现精准应急服务与指挥决策,是实施"一带一路"国家重大战略的重要支撑。突发事件复杂多样,而以往的应急信息服务过于粗放,急需建立天空地协同的精准应急服务技术体系。天空地协同遥感监测精准应急服务体系构建与示范项目于2016年7月立项,将围绕地震灾害、暴恐事件、冬奥会和电网应急保障4种应急服务需求,以遥感技术为核心,协同多种空间信息技术,通过3年的技术攻关与应用示范,改变以往粗放、漫灌式的信息服务,构建新的精准应急服务技术体系,解决多源应急信息彼此孤立、割裂的难题。本文概要介绍了该项目的目的意义、总体目标、研究内容与方法、预期效益等,旨在为相关领域科研工作和后续重点专项立项提供参考,并通过交流,深入思考如何更好地实现预期目标。 相似文献
11.
面向"人"地学可视化中的"人".主要从地学可视化系统的使用者(简称"应用人"),从地学可视化要表达的地球表层系统地理环境中的社会人(简称"社会人").以及从作为能地理认知与思维、能表达/传递地理知识及知识创新的"人"(简称"知识人")3个方面定义.从上述3个方面建立了面向"人"的地学可视化概念框架.在面向"应用人"方面,主要介绍了协同可视化以及自我参照可视化;在面向"社会人"方面,主要阐述个体日常行为时空路径可视化、群体行为模拟可视化,以及社会关系网络可视化;在面向"知识人"方面,主要讨论知识可视化.本文最后从本体框架、信息采集与获取技术、数据组织与表达模型、可视化表达方法、主体概念方面,对于面向"人"GIS以及可视化的关键问题与技术进行了探讨. 相似文献
12.
位置推荐是地理社交网络的重要应用，针对城市范围内多用户集体社交活动的规划需求，在顾及道路通达性和时间成本的情况下进行位置推荐算法的研究。针对城市路网结构特征和导航路线规划特点，在地图应用程序接口的支持下，利用各用户间导航路线上的特定点自动识别、构建区域实现位置推荐，平衡多个用户到推荐地点的可到达性和时间成本。实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性，在地理社交网络上可以为城市多用户的集体活动提供有效的位置推荐方案。 相似文献
13.
室内路网模型作为室内导航研究的基础,如何自动生成室内路网模型成为近年的研究热点。对于目前自动路网模型研究中出现的复杂环境适应度不够的问题,本文提出了一种室内楼层平面路网模型的自动提取方法。它将室内空间分为公共空间和专属空间两类,从而形成公共空间路径和专属空间路径,并用转换点将两类路径进行衔接;最终利用提取的公共空间路径、专属空间路径和连接路径构成楼层平面导航路网模型。基于此方法,将某学校教学楼一层建筑平面图生成平面自动路网模型,并从路径完整度、准确度及寻路情况3个方面与手动路网模型进行了对比分析,其表现良好。 相似文献
14.
Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regional structure and dynamics of city function based on the residents’ movement demand are important to evaluate and adjust the planning and management of urban services and internal structures. This paper constructed a probabilistic factor model on the basis of probabilistic latent semantic analysis and tensor decomposition, for purpose of understanding the higher order interactive population mobility and its impact on urban structure changes. First, a four-dimensional tensor of time (T)?×?week (W)?×?origin (O)?×?destination (D) was constructed to identify the day-to-day activities in three time modes and weekly regularity of weekday/weekend pattern. Then we reclassified the urban regions based on the space clustering formed by the space factor matrix and core tensor. Finally, we further analysed the space–time interaction on different time scales to deduce the actual function and connection strength of each region. Our research shows that the application of individual-based spatial–temporal data in human mobility and space–time interaction study can help to analyse urban spatial structure and understand the actual regional function from a new perspective. 相似文献
15.
Enriching the GIScience research agenda: Fusing augmented reality and location‐based social networks 
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下载免费PDF全文 Augmented reality (AR) overlays real‐world views or scenes with virtual, computer‐generated objects that appear to visually coexist in the same space. Location‐based social networks (LBSNs) are platforms for individuals to be connected through the interdependency derived from their physical locations and their location‐tagged social media content. Current research and development in both areas focuses on integrating mobile‐based AR and LBSNs. Several applications (e.g., Sekai Camera and Wallame) have been developed and commercialized successfully. However, little research has been done on the potential impacts and successful evaluation methods of AR‐integrated LBSNs in the GIScience field. To close this gap, the article outlines the impacts and benefits of AR‐integrated LBSNs and highlights the importance of LBSNs in GIScience research. Based on the status quo of AR‐integrated LBSNs, this article discusses—from theoretical and application‐oriented perspectives—how AR‐integrated LBSNs could enrich the GIScience research agenda in three aspects: data conflation, platial GIS, and multimedia storytelling. The article concludes with guidelines on visualization, functionality, and ethics that aim to help users develop and evaluate AR‐integrated LBSNs. 相似文献
16.
The International GNSS Service in a changing landscape of Global Navigation Satellite Systems 总被引：25，自引：38，他引：25
The International GNSS Service (IGS) is an international activity involving more than 200 participating organisations in over 80 countries with a track record of one and a half decades of successful operations. The IGS is a service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). It primarily supports scientific research based on highly precise and accurate Earth observations using the technologies of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), primarily the US Global Positioning System (GPS). The mission of the IGS is “to provide the highest-quality GNSS data and products in support of the terrestrial reference frame, Earth rotation, Earth observation and research, positioning, navigation and timing and other applications that benefit society”. The IGS will continue to support the IAG’s initiative to coordinate cross-technique global geodesy for the next decade, via the development of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), which focuses on the needs of global geodesy at the mm-level. IGS activities are fundamental to scientific disciplines related to climate, weather, sea level change, and space weather. The IGS also supports many other applications, including precise navigation, machine automation, and surveying and mapping. This article discusses the IGS Strategic Plan and future directions of the globally-coordinated ~400 station IGS network, tracking data and information products, and outlines the scope of a few of its numerous working groups and pilot projects as the world anticipates a truly multi-system GNSS in the coming decade. 相似文献
17.
The implementation of social network applications on mobile platforms has significantly elevated the activity of mobile social networking. Mobile social networking offers a channel for recording an individual’s spatiotemporal behaviors when location-detecting capabilities of devices are enabled. It also facilitates the study of time geography on an individual level, which has previously suffered from a scarcity of georeferenced movement data. In this paper, we report on the use of georeferenced tweets to display and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of daily user trajectories. For georeferenced tweets having both location information in longitude and latitude values and recorded creation time, we apply a space–time cube approach for visualization. Compared to the traditional methodologies for time geography studies such as the travel diary-based approach, the analytics using social media data present challenges broadly associated with those of Big Data, including the characteristics of high velocity, large volume, and heterogeneity. For this study, a batch processing system has been developed for extracting spatiotemporal information from each tweet and then creating trajectories of each individual mobile Twitter user. Using social media data in time geographic research has the benefits of study area flexibility, continuous observation and non-involvement with contributors. For example, during every 30-minute cycle, we collected tweets created by about 50,000 Twitter users living in a geographic region covering New York City to Washington, DC. Each tweet can indicate the exact location of its creator when the tweet was posted. Thus, the linked tweets show a Twitter users’ movement trajectory in space and time. This study explores using data intensive computing for processing Twitter data to generate spatiotemporal information that can recreate the space–time trajectories of their creators. 相似文献
18.
Pauline van den Berg Theo Arentze Harry Timmermans 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2012,14(2):125-141
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the role of social networks in spatial-choice and travel behavior. It has
been acknowledged that social activities and the travel for these activities can emerge from individuals’ social networks
and that social activities are responsible for an important portion of travel demand. The influence of information and communication
technologies (ICT’s) is also important in this respect. The purpose of the paper is to examine the effects of characteristics
of egos and ego-alter relationships on the frequency of social interaction by different communication modes, using multilevel
path analysis. The analyses are based on social network data collected in 2008 in the Eindhoven region in the Netherlands
among 116 respondents. The results indicate a complementary relationship between contact frequencies by different modes. The
contact frequencies of the different modes, especially face-to-face and telephone, can also be largely explained by the ego’s
personal characteristics and the type of relationship and the distance between ego and alter. 相似文献
19.
社交媒体签到数据中蕴含着大量的用户活动信息。理解社交媒体用户的活动和行为类型,对探索人类的移动性和行为模式等有着重要意义。提出了一种针对新浪微博（简称为微博）的用户活动分类方法,结合图像表达和时空数据分类技术,识别微博签到数据所代表的用户活动类型。首先,根据兴趣点属性信息将微博签到数据所代表的用户活动分为餐饮、生活服务、校园、户外、娱乐、出行6大类;然后,基于卷积神经网络和K近邻分类方法,融合签到数据中的图像场景信息与时空信息,对微博用户的活动行为进行分类。实验结果表明,所提方法能够显著提高微博用户活动类型识别的准确性,为精确探索人类行为活动提供更加有效的数据支持。 相似文献
20.
兴趣点推荐作为推荐领域的一个重要分支一直备受研究者青睐。本文提出一种基于位置的社交网络(LBSN)和多图融合的兴趣点推荐方法GraphPOI。综合分析用户和兴趣点的内在因素和外部表征,首先,对用户-兴趣点的评分矩阵进行学习得到用户和兴趣点的内部潜在向量;其次,根据评分矩阵构造用户-兴趣点交互图,得到兴趣点在用户空间的表征向量以及用户在兴趣点空间的表征向量;然后,对兴趣点按其地理位置进行聚类,得到兴趣点在位置空间的表征向量,结合兴趣点在用户空间的表征向量进而得到兴趣点的外部表征向量;对用户社交图中的信息扩散现象进行建模,捕获用户的朋友关系,得到用户在社交空间的表征向量,结合用户在兴趣点空间的表征向量进而得到用户的外部表征向量;最后,结合用户和兴趣点的内部潜在向量与外部表征向量,得到用户和兴趣点的最终向量表示,并将其输入到多层神经网络模型中进行评分预测。在Yelp数据集上对所提模型进行验证,结果表明本文方法能够有效提升兴趣点推荐的准确性。 相似文献