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GPS载波相位观测值作为高精度观测量在姿态测量中得到广泛应用。姿态测量系统中,基线长度可以通过提前量测精确求得。作为约束条件,可以用于模糊度搜索,提高模糊度搜索效率和准确度。本文介绍了传统的LAMBDA方法,且在此基础上提出了附有基线长度约束的LAMBDA搜索方法,并比较了两者的搜索效率。 相似文献
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顾及基线先验信息的GPS模糊度快速解算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用GPS相位观测值进行快速定位时,其解算模型严重病态,最小二乘解得的浮点模糊度精度差且相关性大,导致整周模糊度搜索空间过大,难以正确固定。本文提出一种顾及基线先验信息和模糊度线性约束的整数条件的GPS模糊度快速解算方法,先用顾及基线先验信息的正则化算法解得精度较高且相关性较小的浮点模糊度,以减小整周模糊度的搜索空间;再综合利用整周模糊度间的线性约束的整数条件和基线先验信息,进一步有效地减小模糊度搜索空间,提高搜索效率。算例表明:顾及基线先验信息的正则化算法有效地改善了模糊度浮点解,模糊度线性约束的整数条件有效地提高搜索效率和成功率。 相似文献
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目前针对载波相位双差观测模型中具有整型和浮点型两类参数的特点,常用的方法是先将混合整数最小二乘估计转换为整数最小二乘估计,并以此为准则搜索确定整周模糊度,然后回代解算基线向量.这里提出了一种基于混合整数最小二乘对两类参数同时估计的方法;推导了在未知参数具有先验信息的条件下混合整数最小二乘及整数最小二乘的参数估计准则.最后给出算例验证了基于混合整数最小二乘的参数估计的正确性和优越性. 相似文献
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整周模糊度快速搜索是GNSS整数最小二乘模糊度估计的关键环节。文中介绍了FP、VB和SE-VB这3种模糊度搜索策略及相应算法,在分析其原理和特点的基础上对比了各类算法的异同,并给出了常规搜索算法的改进策略。分别采用模拟和实测数据对不同搜索策略下算法的执行效率进行了验证和比较。实验结果表明:VB和SE-VB搜索策略均优于FP策略,基于SE-VB策略的AEVZ搜索算法最为高效,其次为M-SE算法和M-VB算法;模拟高维环境下3种算法的搜索效率分别比LAMBDA算法平均快10倍、8倍和3倍,AEVZ算法在实测环境下的搜索效率分别比LAMBDA算法和MLAMBDA算法平均快8倍和5倍;通过对SE-VB策略下MLAMBDA算法计算流程进行优化能够进一步提高搜索性能,其改进后的搜索效率与AEVZ算法相当。 相似文献
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长基线双频GPS动态测量中的周跳修复算法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用双频观测值来讨论长基线动态测量中周跳修复问题,并在综合利用电离层残差法和伪距载波相位组合法的基础上,提出一种周跳修复法--最小二乘周跳搜索算法.该方法不需要经过最小二乘平差计算,就可以利用残差平方和搜索并确认周跳,计算速度快.利用多颗卫星的信息来修复周跳,可靠性高.实验分析表明,该方法可用于短基线或中长基线GPS动态测量的周跳修复. 相似文献
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改进的整周模糊度搜索算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对现有模糊度搜索方法仍不能很好地满足快速定位需求的问题,该文在简要介绍解决最近向量问题的搜索算法基础上,将M-VB搜索算法引入到模糊度的解算中,并对其作了两方面改进。一是优化了该算法执行过程中更新上界的问题,二是提出借助序贯最小二乘平差(Bootstrapped)估计值来确定其搜索空间半径的方法。基于仿真数据和实测GPS数据,分别在降相关和不降相关条件下,将上述改进方法与最小二乘降相关平差(LAMBDA)方法和其修正方法(MLAMBDA)作了对比分析。结果表明,改进的M-VB算法比其他2种方法能更快地固定整数向量,有效地提高了模糊度搜索效率。 相似文献
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《测绘科学》2020,(1):19-24
为提高GNSS船姿测量精度,该文构建了基于先验模糊度信息的乘性欧拉角GNSS载波观测方程,提出了一种基于部分变量误差模型(Partial-EIV)的加权整体最小二乘(WTLS)动态船姿估计方法。首先利用GNSS动对动加以基线长约束快速精确固定模糊度,然后将整周模糊度固定解作为已知值代入乘性姿态角载波观测误差方程,并将观测方程进行向量化;针对状态方程以及观测方程系数矩阵包含随机元素和固定元素的结构特征,引入Partial-EIV模型,采用一种改进目标函数的WTLS方法估计乘性欧拉角,该方法可以同时顾及状态方程以及观测方程误差,充分利用观测值以及姿态约束信息,减小误差累积。通过实测GNSS三天线匀速测姿算例对本文方法进行验证,结果表明,该文方法优于动态参考站差分(MBD)基线姿态直接解法,对于复杂海洋环境船姿测量具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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描述一种基于非专用接收机的GPS实时定姿算法,主要工作可以分为两个部分:第一,采用最小二乘方法和乔里斯基分解,基于基线长度约束压缩整周模糊度搜索空间,以达到实时计算的目的;第二,结合姿态角约束,使用金字塔算法提高了整周模糊度求解效率.经过实验,算法在基线长度为3 m的条件下,航向角精度优于0.1°. 相似文献
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Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,虽然SVG不是为了面向地理空间数据发布而制定的标准,但它的许多特性都能被广泛地应用到WebGIS中,从而实现矢量WebGIS。由于SVG通过简单的文本语句描述矢量图像,所以SVG通常数据量很小,并且SVG支持GZIP压缩,所以基于SVG构建WebGIS能减轻网络传输负载,加快地图显示速度。SVG内置了对JavaScript的支持,且SVG可通过DOM解析映像成内存中的树型结构,所以客户层可通过JavaScript对DOM的操作实现对地图的缩放、漫游、查询、图层控制等交互操作。 相似文献
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本文在讨论DDE技术的基础上，对MapInfo的DDE机制的实现作了探讨和分析。根据技园区域GIS的实际开发工作，介绍了利用DDE技术在MapInfo中成功地集成Foxpro和Autocad. 相似文献
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遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
金时华 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(1):98-101
主要论述遥感技术在土地监测中的应用,以某地区土地利用动态遥感监测研究项目的运作过程为例进行阐述。首先介绍了土地利用动态监测的具体内容和技术路线。其次,对数据预处理与信息采集的方法与手段进行了探讨。最后,对作业的内、外业主要过程以及应提交的成果作了介绍。 相似文献
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地理数据库的关系模型及其实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。 相似文献
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Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates. 相似文献
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遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global
environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map,
and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250
000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery
into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised
classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy
assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify
and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area
had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km2 in 1990 to 3 794.9 km2 in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover
changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the
countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military
camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used
to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time.
Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China). 相似文献
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随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。 相似文献
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采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的
污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体
污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。 相似文献