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1.
Green spaces play important functions in urban environments. Reducing air pollution, providing shade and habitat for arboreal birds, producing oxygen, providing shelter against winds, recreational and aesthetic qualities and architectural applications are the main functions of urban green spaces. With the rapid change of urban area in Mashad city during the past decades, green spaces have been fragmented and dispersed causing impairment and dysfunction of these important urban elements. The objective of this study was to detect changes in extent and pattern of green areas of Mashad city and to analyze the results in terms of landscape ecology principles and functioning of the green spaces. In this research, we classified a Landsat TM and an IRS LISS-III image belonging to the years 1987 and 2006, respectively. We then used a post-classification comparison to determine the changes in green space areas of Mashad city during the 19 years covered by the images. Then, we applied landscape ecology calculations to derive metrics that quantified pattern of the changes in the green areas. The results showed that during 19 years from 1987, a significant decrease had occurred in the extent of urban green spaces with a concomitant fragmentation resulting in downgrading and destruction of the functions and services these areas provide. We conclude that the general quality of life in the central parts of the city has been diminished. We also state that a combination of remote sensing image classification, landscape metrics assessment and vegetation indices can provide a tool for assessing life quality and its trend for urban areas.  相似文献   

2.
结合建筑指数的城市建筑用地提取与变化检测分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用2000,2003,2007,2009年ETM+影像,结合归一化建筑指数NDBI、新居民地提取指数NBI、差值建筑用地指数DBI等建筑物提取指数对南京市主城区建筑用地信息进行有效提取和分析,采用分类比较法检测各年份间建筑用地的变化情况,并结合近年来南京市城市规划发展现状,探究城市建筑用地变化的深层原因和变化趋势。与传统研究利用监督分类结果分析建筑用地信息不同,本研究将建筑指数与变化检测方法结合,用于城市建筑用地变化及其内在驱动力分析。实验结果证明,南京市建筑面积增加和建筑用地变化趋势直接反映了南京市城市扩张程度,且与城市化进程发展趋势一致。研究成果对比多种建筑指数,对揭示南京市城市化扩张原因、指导城镇规划、土地利用决策等具有一定的参考价值和意义。  相似文献   

3.
This study attempts to ascertain the spatial and temporal variations in the evolution of Indian cities using multi-date remote sensing data. A two-stage object-based nearest neighbour classification approach with hierarchical segmentation was used to extract built-up area in selected small, medium and large cities, whereas object-based temporal inversion was applied for change analysis. The temporal trend of net population density, degree of scattered development and compactness of urban core in each city was determined using the built-up area. The study observed a declining trend in growth rate of built-up area in small and medium sized-cities, in contrast to large cities. However, the net population density in cities of all types is decreasing as urban growth has outpaced the corresponding population growth. Furthermore, small and medium cities indicated greater tendency for scattered development in comparison to large cities, whereas the core urban areas of the later appeared relatively less compact.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

Cities often have a substantial green infrastructure, which provides local ecosystem services that improve the quality of life of urban residents. These services should be explicitly addressed in urban development policies, and areas with insufficient vegetation and limited access to public green spaces should be identified. This paper presents two spatially explicit urban green indicators that are derived using remote sensing imagery, freely available map data and spatial analysis tools from open source geospatial libraries and commercial software. The first indicator represents proportional green cover (public as well as private) in the vicinity of each building within a city. The second indicator quantifies the proximity of public green spaces as walking distances from buildings to actual park entrances. A dasymetric mapping approach was used to take spatial variations in population density into account. This allows representing the indicators from the perspective of citizens instead of buildings, which may be more meaningful for deriving statistics at city level or at the level of neighbourhoods or administrative zones. The potential use of these indicators in a planning context is discussed on a case study carried out for the city of Brussels, Belgium.  相似文献   

5.
基于卫星遥感影像,监测艾丁湖流域1990-2019年土地覆盖类型变化,并利用多种城市变化监测指数及雷达图方法,揭示以自然流域为研究范围的城市扩展变化过程,并探究其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)1990-2019年,流域内土地类型变化巨大,城市扩展明显,建成区面积扩大了近3倍;(2)流域内城市扩展经历了中速扩张和高速扩张两个阶段;(3)流域内3个主要城市建成区面积分别扩展了约40 km2、60 km2、40 km2,3个城市均在原基础上整体向外扩展,在2000年后托克逊县向西南方向扩展明显,吐鲁番市向西北和东方向扩展更为明显,鄯善县除原西南和东北方向外还增加了西北的扩展方向。自然条件是制约西部干旱地区城市发展的主要因素,同时西部地区的城市扩展受经济和政策因素的影响逐渐增强。  相似文献   

6.
对城市建成区扩展的预测是防止城市蔓延的重要管理依据。目前,元胞自动机-马尔可夫链模型,已成为城市建成区扩展预测的重要方法。该模型对指标权重的赋值方法较为敏感,以往的单一指标赋值法,影响了城市建成区扩展预测的精度和可信度。为此,本研究提出整合传统权重赋值法的AHP和逻辑回归模型改进CA-Markov模型。研究选择云南省大理市为案例,对2020、2030年的城市建成区扩展进行模拟和预测,最后进行精度验证。研究结果表明：①Kappa指数可达到96.8%,预测结果有较好的一致性。②大理市的城市建成区扩展均表现为继续向外扩展,以东南、西北方向和两片建成区之间为主要扩展方向。研究提供了组合权重赋值法改进CA-Markov模型,这将为规划者在未来规划中提供强有力的支持。  相似文献   

7.
以河南省为研究区,利用2000—2018年夜间灯光数据、NDVI数据和VANUI数据提取城市建成区.在建成区面积和灯光强度两个方面的变化进行论述,利用景观指数对河南省城市景观进行定量分析,采用主成分分析法对河南省建成区扩张驱动力进行分析.结果表明,河南省建成区面积从1937 km2增加到5155 km2;灯光强度从75...  相似文献   

8.
In recent decades, compact urban development and smart cities are recognised as most sustainable urban form in an effort to protect natural environment. Therefore, evaluation of existing compactness and sustainability of an area is an essential task before the real development takes place. In the literature, it is possible to see some studies on city’s compactness assessment and most of them have considered only a few aspects of compact development analysis. This paper aims to analyse urban sustainability of Kajang city (Malaysia) through a comprehensive city compactness assessment using geographical information system and radar remote sensing technology. To measure building density, a RADAR image of the study area was used to extract built-up areas with the aid of pixel-based and object-based classification schemes. Mixed land use development, urban density and intensity were the main indicators of the analysis. Finally, multicriteria decision-making and Bayes theorems were applied for overall compactness assessment. Building density analysis was validated using standard confusion matrix, which showed more than 90% accuracy. Similarly, the root-mean squared error showed 0.35 for object-based classification. The results classified the zones of the Kajang city in the range of least to most compact zones with the compactness value of 0.00273–0.0146, respectively. The results obtained in this study can help local government to improve the compactness of least compact zones to make Kajang city more sustainable. Furthermore, the results revealed that efficient public transportation and proper community facilities are the key factors to achieve sustainable urban development.  相似文献   

9.
Urban land density is an important factor to understand how cities expand. An “Inverse S-shape Rule” was implemented for the first time to analyze urban land density in Northeastern Thailand using the four cities Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, Nakhon Phanom, and Nong Khai as study sites. Land density function was tested using different data classification techniques from previous studies. Each city was investigated over two different time periods between 2002 and 2015. Declining pattern characteristics of metropolitan area density outward from city centers can be quantified by fitting the parameters to urban land density functions. An inverse S-shape function was identified as the best data fit. The four selected cities showed conventional density variation for decline in urban land area from city centers to outlying areas. Overall trend indicated that cities became more compact over time since the density differences between the urban core and urban fringe were greater with increasing infilling growth within the urban boundary. All four cities increased in size over time; however, the increasing amount of built-up land in the surrounding rural areas did not follow the same trend in each case. Some functional parameters required careful interpretation because of the linear shape of the city as in the case of Nakhon Phanom. Using highly detailed urban data resulted in lower densities of urban areas compared to the conventional pixel-based classification, and this affected the overall shape of the inverse S-shape function. The fitted parameters and their changing trends indicated that the urban land density function was useful for understanding urban form and urban sprawl in Thailand. Results can be used to develop a specific framework for other cities with similar attributes in the future.  相似文献   

10.
夜光遥感影像数据可有效反映城市空间格局变化。本文基于1992—2012年的DSMP-OLS夜光遥感影像和2018年的珞珈一号遥感影像,利用分层阈值法提取粤港澳大湾区内各城市建成区;通过计算平均灯光强度、平均灯光增长速率、城市建成区面积、城市建成区增长速率、城市重心、城市重心偏移距离等一系列指数,揭示区内各城市的空间格局演变过程。研究结果表明:①1992—2018年,粤港澳大湾区的城市规模大幅增长,沿珠江口两侧形成了以澳门、广州、深圳和香港为核心的倒“U”形城市群,并呈辐射状向周边扩张。②以珠江口为界,粤港澳大湾区东部各个城市的发展水平整体高于西部各个城市,广州、深圳、香港等核心城市发展水平明显高于江门、肇庆、惠州等外围城市。③1992—2018年,粤港澳大湾区建成区的增长速率由小变大,最后逐渐趋于稳定,2002—2007年是城市扩张最迅猛时期。④1992—2018年,粤港澳大湾区的各城市重心迁移方式表现为3种类型:持续向区域中心迁移;持续向相邻城市邻接区迁移;持续向海洋方向迁移。大部分城市的重心迁移方向呈“震荡”特征。  相似文献   

11.
Urban sprawl has led to environmental problems and large losses of arable land in China. In this study, we monitor and model urban sprawl by means of a combination of remote sensing, geographical information system and spatial statistics. We use time-series data to explore the potential socio-economic driving forces behind urban sprawl, and spatial models in different scenarios to explore the spatio-temporal interactions. The methodology is applied to the city of Wuhan, China, for the period from 1990 to 2013. The results reveal that the built-up land has expanded and has dispersed in urban clusters. Population growth, and economic and transportation development are still the main causes of urban sprawl; however, when they have developed to certain levels, the area affected by construction in urban areas (Jian Cheng Qu (JCQ)) and the area of cultivated land (ACL) tend to be stable. Spatial regression models are shown to be superior to the traditional models. The interaction among districts with the same administrative status is stronger than if one of those neighbors is in the city center and the other in the suburban area. The expansion of urban built-up land is driven by the socio-economic development at the same period, and greatly influenced by its spatio-temporal neighbors. We conclude that the integration of remote sensing, a geographical information system, and spatial statistics offers an excellent opportunity to explore the spatio-temporal variation and interactions among the districts in the sprawling metropolitan areas. Relevant regulations to control the urban sprawl process are suggested accordingly.  相似文献   

12.
Canada’s urban areas have experienced extensive growth over the past quarter century; however, there has been no consistent, spatially explicit approach for quantifying the loss and gain of greenness in cities nationally. Herein, we developed a novel urban greenness score metric using greenness fractions from a multi-decadal time series (1984–2016) of spectrally unmixed annual Landsat satellite image composites to characterize final year (2016) greenness and its overall change for 18 major Canadian urban areas, summarized by census dissemination area (DA). The applied validation procedure confirmed correlation coefficients (ρ) ranging from 0.67 – 0.85 between reference and estimated greenness fractions, indicating that spectral unmixing is an appropriate method for extracting urban greenness from a time series of medium spatial resolution satellite imagery. Most DAs across Canada sustained a moderate (∼20 % – 40 %) or low (≲ 20 %) level of greenness between 1984 and 2016, but overall there was a decreasing trend in greenness. Eastern urban areas maintained the most greenness over time, while urban areas in the Prairies had the greatest increase in greenness. Densely populated urban areas experienced the greatest loss in greenness (16 % of DAs); whereas, urban areas with a moderately-low density experienced the greatest increase (14 % of DAs). In agreement with previous studies, we found that greenness was negatively associated with urban infilling, with lower greenness levels typically found in urban cores, and greenness loss most often found in the urban periphery in conjunction with urban expansion. Methods presented in this analysis take advantage of the open and longstanding Landsat archive, as well as multiple spatial scales, including sub-pixel unmixing techniques, pixel level greenness faction data summarized for management units, and analysis conducted nationally. The developed urban greenness score provides a comprehensive framework to understand current urban greenness and relate it to its recent past, which supports long-term strategic planning, and can be transferred to other regions across spatial and temporal scales.  相似文献   

13.
An improved methodology for the extraction and mapping of urban built-up areas at a global scale is presented in this study. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based multispectral data were combined with the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)-based nighttime light (NTL) data for robust extraction and mapping of urban built-up areas. The MODIS-based newly proposed Urban Built-up Index (UBI) was combined with NTL data, and the resulting Enhanced UBI (EUBI) was used as a single master image for global extraction of urban built-up areas. Due to higher variation of the EUBI with respect to geographical regions, a region-specific threshold approach was used to extract urban built-up areas. This research provided 500-m-resolution global urban built-up map of year 2014. The resulted map was compared with three existing moderate-resolution global maps and one high-resolution map in the United States. The comparative analysis demonstrated finer details of the urban built-up cover estimated by the resultant map.  相似文献   

14.
Urban sprawl is characterized by haphazard patchwork of development, which leads to an improper development in any city. To prevent this kind of sprawl in future, it is necessary to monitor the growth of the city. Hence, an attempt has been made in the present study to monitor the urban growth over a period of time by employing Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques in conjunction with Shannon entropy. Shannon entropy is a measure to determine the compactness or dispersion of built-up land growth in the urban areas. The growth patterns of urban built-up land have been studied initially by dividing the area into four zones. The observations have been made with respect to each zone. Then, the study area has been divided into concentric circles of 1 km buffers and the growth patterns have been studied based on urban built-up density with respect to each circular buffer in all four zones. These observations have been integrated with road network to check the influence of infrastructure on haphazard urban growth. It has been found from the study that Shannon entropy is a good measure to determine the spatial concentration or dispersion of built-up land in the city. The study also proved the potential of RS and GIS techniques in the spatio-temporal analysis of urban growth trends and their consequences in the lands adjoining to urban areas.  相似文献   

15.
Monitoring new changes in cities adjacent to dynamic sand dunes requires precise classifier technique. Unlike traditional techniques of supervised classification which use training sites, the integration of image transformation tasseled cap and automatic feature extraction module based on spectral signatures has provided to be sensitive and realistic techniques with time and cost effective. The proposed module was applied to Al Ain district, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The module consists of four steps in terms of segmentation, thresholding and clustering and computing attributes. The obtained greenness and classified maps were then enhanced by applying a 3?×?3 Sobel filter. The new changes were detected by combining the multi-temporal greenness and classification maps. Accuracy assessment and quantitative analysis were performed using confusion matrix and ground truthing. The results showed significant increasing in urban and agricultural areas from the year from 1990 to 2000 compared with the period of time from the year 2000 to 2006. The image difference showed that the vegetation and building classes had increased 7.58 and 20.28 km2 respectively. This study showed that image difference and fuzzy logic approach are the most sensitive techniques for detecting new changes in areas adjacent to dynamic sand dunes.  相似文献   

16.
城市建成区的发展状况是地理国情监测的重要内容，本文基于遥感影像数据和POI数据对城市建成区进行提取，针对二者的适用性问题进行了研究。试验以沈阳市为研究区域，在研究区域内选择2016年遥感影像数据和POI数据作为数据源进行对比分析。首先，对遥感影像数据和POI数据进行预处理；其次，通过监督分类的方法对遥感影像进行建成区的提取；然后，采用核密度估计法分析POI数据并提取出建成区；最后，利用叠加分析法对比分析这两种数据的适用性。试验结果表明：使用遥感影像数据作为数据源可以较为全面客观地反映城市建成区的发展现状；利用POI数据提取出的城市建成区具有较强的经济属性，能够很好地反映出城市中的经济活跃区。  相似文献   

17.
This study investigates urbanization and its potential environmental consequences in Shanghai and Stockholm metropolitan areas over two decades. Changes in land use/land cover are estimated from support vector machine classifications of Landsat mosaics with grey-level co-occurrence matrix features. Landscape metrics are used to investigate changes in landscape composition and configuration and to draw preliminary conclusions about environmental impacts. Speed and magnitude of urbanization is calculated by urbanization indices and the resulting impacts on the environment are quantified by ecosystem services. Growth of urban areas and urban green spaces occurred at the expense of cropland in both regions. Alongside a decrease in natural land cover, urban areas increased by approximately 120% in Shanghai, nearly ten times as much as in Stockholm, where the most significant land cover change was a 12% urban expansion that mostly replaced agricultural areas. From the landscape metrics results, it appears that fragmentation in both study regions occurred mainly due to the growth of high density built-up areas in previously more natural/agricultural environments, while the expansion of low density built-up areas was for the most part in conjunction with pre-existing patches. Urban growth resulted in ecosystem service value losses of approximately 445 million US dollars in Shanghai, mostly due to the decrease in natural coastal wetlands while in Stockholm the value of ecosystem services changed very little. Total urban growth in Shanghai was 1768 km2 and 100 km2 in Stockholm. The developed methodology is considered a straight-forward low-cost globally applicable approach to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate urban growth patterns that could help to address spatial, economic and ecological questions in urban and regional planning.  相似文献   

18.
以1988,1991,1999和2005年四个不同时相的武汉市TM遥感影像为主要信息源,在RS和GIS技术平台上对武汉市四城区绿地系统空间格局的演变过程做可视化研究分析,以重点分析江岸区绿地变化的过程和原因为例,提出一种基于风玫瑰图对城市绿地格局演变分析的新方法。  相似文献   

19.
Network Density and the Delimitation of Urban Areas   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
This paper examines network analysis for urban areas. The research is focused on the problem of definition and visualisation of network geography and network spaces at different scales. The urban scale of analysis is examined and different spatial indices are considered. The built environment of the city is considered as a reference environment for a road network density index. The latter is implemented in order to study the spatial interactions between network phenomena and spaces and to provide further elements for the analysis of urban shape. The study is focused in particular on understanding spatial patterns drawn by networks and in helping with the delimitation of city centres. Different approaches are used to obtain the two indices: a grid–based analysis and a spatial density estimator based on Kernel Density Estimation. The two methodologies are analysed and compared using point data for the urban road network junctions and street numbers as house location identifiers in the Trieste (Italy) Municipality area. The density analysis is also used on road network junctions' data for the city of Swindon (UK) in order to test the methodology on a different urban area.  相似文献   

20.
兰州新区土地扩张及驱动力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
针对新区建设过程中建成区土地快速扩张的问题,该文对建成区土地扩张时空规律及驱动力进行分析,使用不同时期的TM和Landsat 8影像,通过目视解译提取了兰州新区建成区2010、2013、2014和2015年土地扩张信息,并从政策、经济两方面对土地扩张的驱动力进行分析。结果表明:兰州新区建成区土地扩张在2010年7月至2013年12月,扩张强度为36.449%,呈慢速增长;2013年12月—2014年12月,扩张强度为74.546%,呈快速增长;2014年12月至2015年6月,扩张强度为43.614%,呈稳定增长;城市几何中心向东北方向偏移。驱动因子中,政策影响起到引导作用,经济影响起到驱动作用。其中,最大驱动力为招商引资。  相似文献   

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