共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本论文在讨论秩亏自由网平差以及多期序贯平差的基础上,提出了一种秩亏自由网多期序贯平差的模型,并将此模型应用于矿区地表沉陷观测。经实验数据验证,此模型能够很好地结合多期序贯平差的高效率以及秩亏自由网平差无起始控制点数据的特性,可以广泛地应用于数据量较大、无起始数据的矿区地表沉陷观测中。 相似文献
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附加约束条件的序贯平差 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从观测量分组的参数平差出发,详细推导了附加约束条件的序贯平差及其精度估计,讨论了附加约束条件的抗差序贯平差的计算过程.算例表明,推导的公式正确有效,简单实用,附加约束条件的序贯平差抗差估计能有效地抵制粗差的影响. 相似文献
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坐标基准维持与动态监测网数据处理 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
坐标基准的维持不仅要求有高精度的连续大地测量观测或定期复测,还要求采用合理的数据处理原则与方法。分析了不同平差方法对基准的影响,其中包括经典整体平差、序贯平差和自适应序贯平差。利用GPS监测网数据进行了计算与分析,结果表明,当个别点位发生异常移动或变形时,序贯平差会使坐标基准产生实际的扭曲,而自适应序贯平差则能有效控制异常点位对平差基准的影响,保证了坐标基准的可靠性和现势性。 相似文献
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介绍了自由网拟稳平差的一种实用方法在GPS控制网2维约束平差中的应用.该方法采用经典自由网平差和坐标转换法实现基于拟稳基准的GPS控制网2维约束平差. 相似文献
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王新洲 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1994,(4)
应用贝叶斯统计理论推导了序贯平差公式．按本文推导的公式进行贝叶斯序贯平差，得到的未知参数Ｘ的贝叶斯估值与按经典序贯平差得到的结果完全相同，但单位权方差σ２的贝叶斯估值却与按经典平差方法得到的结果相差一个因子． 相似文献
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序贯平差方法是长距离网络RTK基准站间模糊度固定中的常用方法,该方法充分利用了卫星间的相关信息以及多余观测量,是理论严密且十分有效的方法。一般文献中只给出了参数不变的序贯平差公式。但是,观测过程中的参数是不断变化的,参数不变的序贯平差公式并不适用于网络RTK系统。此外,对于序贯平差而言,由于一般不存储历史观测值,因此,模糊度固定后无法将其带入原观测方程重新平差,这导致法方程更新困难。针对以上问题,本文给出了参数变化的序贯平差公式及严密的推导过程,并给出了模糊度固定后法方程的更新方法。结合长距离网络RTK基准站间模糊度固定问题,通过实验,证明了给出的序贯平差公式和法方程更新方法正确有效。 相似文献
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自适应序贯平差及其应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
基于自适应估计原理和抗差M估计原理，提出了自适应序贯平差和自适应抗差序贯平差法，给出了相应的参数估值公式。计算结果证明，自适应序贯平差能有效地控制模型参数先验信息的异常影响，平衡观测值和参数先验值在参数估计中的贡献;自适应抗差序贯平差能有效地抵制观测异常和模型参数先验信息异常扰动对平差结果的影响。 相似文献
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王新洲 《武汉测绘科技大学学报》1994,19(4):315-321
应用贝叶斯统计理论推导了序贯平差公式。按本文推导的公式进行贝叶斯序贯平差，得到的未知参数Ｘ的贝叶斯估值与按经典序贯平差得到的结果完全相同，但单位权方差σ＾２的贝叶斯估值却与按经典平差方法得到的结果相差一个因子。 相似文献
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Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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地理数据库的关系模型及其实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。 相似文献
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随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。 相似文献
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SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,虽然SVG不是为了面向地理空间数据发布而制定的标准,但它的许多特性都能被广泛地应用到WebGIS中,从而实现矢量WebGIS。由于SVG通过简单的文本语句描述矢量图像,所以SVG通常数据量很小,并且SVG支持GZIP压缩,所以基于SVG构建WebGIS能减轻网络传输负载,加快地图显示速度。SVG内置了对JavaScript的支持,且SVG可通过DOM解析映像成内存中的树型结构,所以客户层可通过JavaScript对DOM的操作实现对地图的缩放、漫游、查询、图层控制等交互操作。 相似文献
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本文在讨论DDE技术的基础上，对MapInfo的DDE机制的实现作了探讨和分析。根据技园区域GIS的实际开发工作，介绍了利用DDE技术在MapInfo中成功地集成Foxpro和Autocad. 相似文献
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遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
金时华 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(1):98-101
主要论述遥感技术在土地监测中的应用,以某地区土地利用动态遥感监测研究项目的运作过程为例进行阐述。首先介绍了土地利用动态监测的具体内容和技术路线。其次,对数据预处理与信息采集的方法与手段进行了探讨。最后,对作业的内、外业主要过程以及应提交的成果作了介绍。 相似文献
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Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates. 相似文献
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遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global
environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map,
and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250
000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery
into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised
classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy
assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify
and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area
had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km2 in 1990 to 3 794.9 km2 in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover
changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the
countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military
camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used
to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time.
Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China). 相似文献