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分别介绍了对流层模型：霍普菲尔德（Hopfied）模型、萨斯塔莫宁（Saastamoinen）模型、勃兰克（Black）模型、EGNOS系统对流层修正模型,并进行了分析和比较。阐述了6种映射函数模型（CFA模型、Chao模型、Mtt模型、Marini＆Murray模型、NMF模型及GMF模型）计算对流层延迟,分别说明其适用范围。 相似文献
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近年来,相关的研究与实践表明,变形监测的数据处理方法比较成熟,如回归模型、卡尔曼滤波模型、灰色模型、时间序列模型以及人工神经网络模型等各种模型,均经过了各种检验,而且有效地应用在变形监测技术中。然而单一的模型预测有其自身的局限性,因此,预测模型需要采用组合优化模型弥补单一模型的缺陷。本文主要阐述了加权灰色线性回归组合模型在高铁隧道沉降预测中的应用,通过与传统的GM(1,1)模型以及灰色线性回归组合模型进行对比。实验结果表明,加权灰色线性回归组合模型具有较高的预测精度。 相似文献
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为探测系统误差和数据调整的需要,文中将误差模型分为两种基本形式,在此基础上给出了确定测线系统误差的3种模型:模型A、模型B和极大调整模型.在这3种模型中,模型A、B确定参数的差异主要体现在模型B将系统整体性影响按照平差空间结构分配至测线系统误差,极大调整模型原理的理论基础是模型A基准权的特例.实例计算验证,模型A能够较好地探测系统误差,模型B则适合于数据调整. 相似文献
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网格编程的任务是研究编程模型、工具和方法。可移植性、互操作性、资源发现与容错功能等是其基本性质。在传统编程模型的基础上,出现了共享状态模型、消息传递模型、远程过程调用与远程方法启动模型、混合模型、动态模型、结构化模型、对等式模型以及协调模型。这些模型各具特色,但仍需在应用中改进,以更好地满足需求。 相似文献
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测量数据是可用模型来描述的,所建模型与客观实际之间是有差异的,这种差异称为模型误差。模型误差可以分为函数模型误差、随机模型误差。函数模型误差是指函数模型的假设与实际的函数模型的差异,它包括线性化误差、系统误差等。随机模型误差是指误差分布的假设与误差实... 相似文献
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测量平差模型不仅包括函数模型还包括随机模型,因此要研究测量平差模型误差对平差结果的影响就要研究函数模型误差和随机模型误差二者同时的影响。本文以间接平差模型为例,随机模型误差、函数模型误差和随机模型误差三个层次研究了测量平差模型误差对平差结果影响的公式,论证了不同平差模型误差情况下的平差结果,并推导和论证了同时考虑函数模型误差和随机模型误差对平差结果影响的公式。 相似文献
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方辉 《测绘与空间地理信息》2007,30(3):97-99,103
介绍了各种常用的时空数据模型,并重点介绍了基态修正模型及其扩展模型,分析比较了各种基态修正模型的扩展模型的优缺点,在此基础上提出了一种新的基态修正模型的改进模型,并分析了该模型的优缺点。 相似文献
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在数字地形建模中,TIN能够更加真实地反映地形信息,但由于TIN在数据结构和数据组织上的复杂性,采用通常的数字高程模型质量评价方法是不完善的。文中列出了3维空间中TIN的几种质量影响因素,分析了各因素对TIN的质量的作用和影响,并基于权重设计了一种根据质量影响因素评价TIN的质量的方法。 相似文献
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The algorithm we present here is useful for measuring the planimetric discrepancy between two models which can be represented by contours. In cartography the paradigm of such models is represented by digital terrain models (DTMs). The measure we propose is based on an area enclosed between homologous contours (two level contours, each belonging to two different models). Our measure is similar to another used previously, although, in the previous studies, the area enclosed between homologous contours was computed manually or it was restricted to particular conditions. The innovation of our approach consists of the automation of the entire process and in the constraint elimination. The main problem to solve before computing the horizontal shift measure is how to determine the area enclosed between homologous contours. This is a problem because there is no bijective correspondence between homologous contours, and therefore the identification of the homologous contours is not a trivial task. Our approach overcomes this difficulty by closing following the limit of the DTM the open contours (the contours which cut the limit of the DTM) and classifying them by the external level. We achieve the automation assisted by the Boolean polygon operations, specifically using the symmetric difference operation. Our algorithm facilitates the computation of accuracy of a DTM by comparison with another and it is applicable in such fields as hydrology (precision estimation of the hydrological features), cartographic generalization, and civil engineering. Finally we use our measure for estimating the planimetric discrepancy between the same streams derived from different DEMs (different sources and precisions). 相似文献
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The aim of this paper was to analyze the ground and low vegetation points of a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud from the aspect of the generated digital terrain model (DTM). We determined the height difference between the surveyed surface and the DTM and the level of interspersion of ground and low vegetation points in a floodplain. Finally, we performed a supervised classification with topographic (elevation, slope and aspect) variables and an Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layer to identify swales and point bars as floodplain forms. Cross sections of field surveys provided reference data to express the magnitude of the bias on the DTM caused by the vegetation, and we proved that the bias can reach the 60% of the relative height and depth of the floodplain forms (mean error was 0.15 ± 0.12 m). A landscape metric, the Aggregation Index, provided an appropriate tool to analyze and quantify the interspersion of the ground and vegetation points: indicating a high level of interspersion of the classified points, i.e. proved that vegetation points where the last echoes reflected from the vegetation became ground points. Floodplain classification performed best with the common use of DTM, slope, aspect and NDVI coverages, with 71% overall accuracy. 相似文献
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联系实际项目生产，重点阐述了基于全数字摄影测量工作站JX4生产DTM的作业流程和质量控制过程，同时对DTM的数据结构和存储格式进行了介绍。 相似文献
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目前LiDAR技术已经成为DTM的主要生产方法。地面误差对LiDAR生成DTM的精度影响比较明显,特别是由于亚热带森林植被覆盖区LiDAR激光点云少,生成的DTM更复杂,需要分析地面误差对LiDAR生成林下DTM的精度影响。本文以华南农业大学增城教学科研基地为研究对象,从森林郁闭度和坡度两个方面探讨了地面误差对机载LiDAR数据生成林下DTM精度的影响。研究结果发现高程误差会随郁闭度的增大而增大;而随坡度变化趋势不明显,但是坡度为15°时成为误差的分水岭,其前后误差差异比较明显。总体而言,郁闭度的影响更为明显。 相似文献
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本文论述了建立1：5000香港DTM的基本过程，总结了在DTM生产实践中的技术和管理上所取得的一些经验，对生产中各环节的实际问题提出一些建议，对提高所建立DTM的精度与可用性及提高工作效率，具有一定的意义，为以后各种比例尺的DTM生产提供参考。 相似文献
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Digital topography models for Martian surfaces 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We propose to use an unsupervised automated classification of topographic features on Mars in order to speed up geomorphic and geologic mapping of the planet. We construct a digital topography model (DTM), a multilayer grid that stores various kinds of topographical information for every pixel in a site. The method uses a probabilistic clustering algorithm to assign topographically meaningful labels to all pixels in the DTM. The results are displayed as a thematic map of topography. Resultant topographical features are characterized and compared using statistics of their constituent pixels. We demonstrate the usage of our method by classifying and characterizing the topography of a landscape in the Tisia Valles region on Mars. We discuss extensions and further applications of our method. 相似文献