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1.
针对电离层对L、P等较长波段的星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)成像产生的相位延迟效应会造成InSAR精度下降的问题,建立电离层相位延迟模型,分析背景电离层TEC对不同波段SAR信号的距离和相位延迟,给出了TEC和SAR相位延迟之间的关系曲线;提出用沿电磁波传播斜距上的电子积分总量STEC来代替垂测TEC,采用简化射线描迹方法进行STEC估计,提高了TEC计算精度;通过仿真实验分析不同TEC分布模型对InSAR精度的影响。实验结果表明,因干涉测量中基线估计的补偿效应,使得成像范围内等量分布的TEC对测量精度无明显影响;成像范围内TEC值随空间位置不同而发生变化时,对InSAR的精度将产生较大影响,需要考虑电离层的校正。 相似文献
2.
电离层总电子含量(TEC)会使合成孔径雷达干涉测量(In SAR)信号产生相位延迟,进而影响生成DEM的精度,特别是对L和P等长波段信号的影响不可忽略。因此,针对不同TEC分布模式的电离层开展研究,构建了电离层对星载In SAR测高精度的影响模型,提出了相应的校正方法,并进行了仿真实验。实验表明对于特定波长的In SAR信号,不同TEC分布模式对In SAR测高精度的影响不同:TEC均匀分布的电离层模型对In SAR测高精度的影响较小,并可通过相位解缠、基线估计等环节进行很好的补偿;而TEC不均匀分布的电离层模型对In SAR精度的影响较大,仅靠相位解缠等过程不能较好地消除,必须通过向干涉图中加入电离层影响模型予以纠正。 相似文献
3.
结合了圆迹SAR(CSAR)和地球同步轨道SAR(GEOSAR)的特点,地球同步轨道圆迹SAR(GEOCSAR)具有大面积区域观测、可获得目标三维信息、可对目标区域连续监测等优点。但GEOCSAR合成孔径时间长,完成整个圆周孔径测量的时间为24小时,而大气变化的时间尺度经常表现为数分钟到数小时,因此大气折射率时间变化将会对GEOCSAR方位向聚焦成像产生重要影响。本文考虑L波段GEOCSAR,因此对流层和电离层效应均不可忽略。文中建立了对流层和电离层折射率时间变化引起的相位误差模型,分析和推导了折射率时间变化对GEOCSAR方位向聚焦性能的影响,计算了引起L波段GEOCSAR聚焦性能退化的最小对流层折射率和电离层电子含量随机时间变化量,并通过仿真进行了验证。 相似文献
4.
GPS电离层延迟Klobuchar模型与双频数据解算值的比较与分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
电离层延迟是影响GPS绝对定位的最主要因素,但由于电离层本身的不稳定性,加上目前对其物理特性的了解还有一定的模糊性,还只能采用精度有限的经验模型对其进行描述.对于GPS实时绝对定位,GPS系统的广播星历提供了Klobuchr模型的8个系数,可以用于单频接收机的电离层延迟改正;对于双频接收机,可以利用L1,L2,C1,P2进行计算得到电离层延迟值,但应考虑到卫星发射信号时产生的两频率间的硬件延迟TGD的影响.本文采用双频伪距求得电离层延迟值,用广播星历中各颗卫星的TGD参数进行改正,再根据L1和L2双频相位值求得的历元间的电离层延迟的变化采用Hatch类滤波递推模型对其进行平滑,从而求得较准确的对应于各个历元的电离层延迟值,将其作为真值与Klobuchar模型计算值进行比较,从而研究Klobuchar模型的精度和特点,并与IGS的后处理Klobuchar模型系数求得的电离层结果进行对比分析.对双频数据计算电离层延迟的算法进行详细研究,给出Klobuchar模型的具体计算过程,用位于武汉、北京和上海的IGS跟踪站的观测数据进行实际验证和算例分析,最后给出结论. 相似文献
5.
收集了35景C波段ENVISAR ASAR和20景L波段ALOS PALSAR数据,采用时间序列合成孔径雷达干涉测量（interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR）分析技术获取了典型的填海新区-上海临港新区2007年~2010年间的沉降速率场。从空间、时间密度以及监测精度方面,对C和L波段的数据的形变估计结果进行对比,并进而讨论C波段和L波段数据在填海新区地表形变探测差异的原因以及数据在填海新区监测的特性。 相似文献
6.
星载SAR水下地形和水深遥感的最佳雷达系统参数模拟 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
根据星载合成孔径雷达 (SAR)浅海水下地形和水深成像机理 ,建立了浅海水下地形和水深雷达后向散射截面仿真模型。该模型包括奈维 斯托克斯方程、谱作用量平衡方程和雷达后向散射模式。利用该模型仿真结果 ,探讨了不同波段 (P、L、C和X)、不同极化 (VV和HH)和不同入射角 (2 0°— 70°)的星载SAR测量浅海水下地形和水深的能力。研究结果表明 ,浅海水下地形和水深遥感的最佳波段为P波段 ,L波段次之 ,C波段比X波段要好一些。VV极化SAR的测量能力要强于HH极化。 2 0°— 40°是星载SAR测量浅海水下地形和水深的最佳入射角范围。 相似文献
7.
利用GPS电离层探测技术分析了2010-08-01太阳风暴对全球电离层VTEC造成的扰动异常影响。受朝向地球的日冕物质抛射影响,08-03首先对北美地区电离层VTEC产生扰动异常,最大值达到15TECu。由于地球自转,发生电离层VTEC异常集中的区域会随太阳直射点向西移动,一般发生于其所在区域的地方时13:00～17:00。另外,还分析了此次太阳风暴对GPS观测数据质量及电离层高阶项误差的影响。结果表明,此次太阳风暴期间,GPS观测数据质量并未受到明显的影响,但使得L1、L2载波的电离层高阶项误差增大,误差影响达到cm级。 相似文献
8.
森林高度是反映森林资源数量和质量的重要参数,极化干涉合成孔径雷达PolInSAR （Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry）技术在森林高度反演中极具潜力。由于森林散射特征受波长影响明显,由此引起的散射机理差异使得基于PolInSAR技术反演的森林高度结果具有很大的不确定性。为了定量化该不确定性的影响,本文以模拟森林场景为例,对PolInSAR技术森林高度反演中常用的4种方法——极化相位中心高度估测法、复相干相位中心差分法、复相干幅度反演法以及相干幅度、相位联合反演法,以及它们在常用的4个微波波段P、L、C和X中的森林高度估测结果进行了分析;明确了匀质森林场景中,算法、波段选择引起的森林高度估测结果的不确定性。研究结果表明：在森林场景基本一致的情况下,估测算法的选择直接影响森林高度估测结果,其中复相干幅度反演法在4个波段的估测结果中精度均最高,但各估测点的估测结果离散度及不确定度较大。波长对4类估测方法估测结果的影响差异明显：复相干幅度反演法的反演结果几乎不受波长的影响,而相干幅度、相位联合反演法受波长影响明显,在P和L波段反演结果中精度较高,在C和X波段反演结果中精度降低明显。此外,以传统的交叉极化（HV）相位代表冠层散射相位中心,水平同极化与垂直同极化的相位差（HH-VV）代表地表散射相位中心,采用复相干相位中心差分法进行森林高度估测会出现严重低估现象。估测结果不确定度具有波长和算法选择依赖性,在C和X波段采用复相干相位中心差分法估测结果不确定度最低,在P和L波段采用极化相位中心高度估测法估测结果不确定度最低,而复相干幅度反演法估测结果则在多个波段中的不确定度均最高。 相似文献
9.
针对电离层变化导致的影像方位向偏移,使子带影像配准结果存在部分区域失相干现象,从而导致估计出的电离层相位屏精度较低的问题,该文提出了一种改进后的共配准方法以提高干涉图相干性。该方法采用复互相关的估计方法进行影像间的偏移量估计,然后对估计阵列中的异常值进行中值滤波器和低通滤波处理,提高偏移量矩阵的精度,最后利用双线性插值的方法进行插值采样完成影像配准。该文以覆盖昆明地区的L-波段先进陆地观测卫星(ALOS-2)数据和覆盖墨西哥城地区的C-波段欧洲航天局哨兵1号(Sentinel-1)数据进行实验,结果显示,使用改进后的配准方法得到的最终改正结果的精度分别提升了13%、15%左右。该方法有效地平衡了电离层变化对于配准精度的影响,提高了干涉图的相干性,进而提高了电离层相位屏的精度,电离层的影响得到了缓解。 相似文献
10.
利用傅里叶变换,对2011年电离层总电子含量、太阳黑子相对数、太阳远紫外线0.1~50 nm波段和26~34 nm波段辐射数据、地磁场Kp指数和Dst指数进行功率谱分析,研究了2011年日地空间的准27 d周期振荡。发现在电离层和太阳活动指数中存在偏离27 d的21.5 d准周期振荡,同一时间内地磁活动指数没有发现这一现象,推断这可能是由太阳活动区演变引起的。对近几个太阳活动周的分析表明,21~23 d的准周期信号会在太阳活动上升期重复出现。利用太阳中央子午线左右[-10°,10°]经度范围内的太阳活动区面积,进一步证实2011年地球电离层和太阳指数数据中的21.5 d准周期振动可能是太阳活动区的演变与太阳较差自转的综合影响。利用全球电离层格网数据,研究了地球电离层准27 d周期振荡的全球分布。 相似文献
11.
Application of SWACI products as ionospheric correction for single-point positioning: a comparative study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) using L-band frequencies, the ionosphere causes signal delays that correspond with link related range errors of up to 100 m. In a first order approximation the range error is proportional to the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. Whereas this first order range error can be corrected in dual-frequency measurements by a linear combination of carrier phase- or code-ranges of both frequencies, single-frequency users need additional information to mitigate the ionospheric error. This information can be provided by TEC maps deduced from corresponding GNSS measurements or by ionospheric models. In this paper we discuss and compare different ionospheric correction methods for single-frequency users. The focus is on the comparison of the positioning quality using dual-frequency measurements, the Klobuchar model, the NeQuick model, the IGS TEC maps, the Neustrelitz TEC Model (NTCM-GL) and the reconstructed NTCM-GL TEC maps both provided via the ionosphere data service SWACI (http://swaciweb.dlr.de) in near real-time. For that purpose, data from different locations covering several days in 2011 and 2012 are investigated, including periods of quiet and disturbed ionospheric conditions. In applying the NTCM-GL based corrections instead of the Klobuchar model, positioning accuracy improvements up to several meters have been found for the European region in dependence on the ionospheric conditions. Further in mid- and low-latitudes the NTCM-GL model provides results comparable to NeQuick during the considered time periods. Moreover, in regions with a dense GNSS ground station network the reconstructed NTCM-GL TEC maps are partly at the same level as the final IGS TEC maps. 相似文献
12.
13.
Patricia Doherty joins the regular contributors of this column to discuss the correlation between measurements of solar 10.7
cm radio flux and ionospheric range delay effects on GPS. Mrs. Doherty has extensive experience in the analysis of ionospheric
range delays from worldwide systems and in the utilization and development of analytical and theoretical models of the Earth's
ionosphere.
Ionospheric range delay effects on GPS and other satellite ranging systems are directly proportional to the Total Electron
Content (TEC) encountered along slant paths from a satellite to a ground location. TEC is a highly variable and complex parameer
that is a function of geographic location, local time, season, geomagnetic activity, and solar activity. When insufficiently
accounted for, ionospheric TEC can seriously limit the performance of satellite ranging applications. Since the ionosphere
is a dispersive medium, dual-frequency Global Positoning System (GPS) users can make automatic corrections for ionospheric
range delay by computing the apparent difference in the time delays between the two signals. Single-frequency GPS users must
depend on alternate methods to account for the ionospheric range delay. Various models of the ionosphere have been used to
provide estimates of ionospheric range delay. These models range from the GPS system's simple eight-coefficient algorithm
designed to correct for approximately 50% rms of the TEC, to state-of-the-art models derived from physical first principles,
which can correct for up to 70 to 80% rms of the TEC but at a much greater computational cost.
In an effort to improve corrections for the day-to-day variability of the ionosphere, some attempts have been made to predict
the TEC by using the daily values of solar 10.7 cm radio flux (F10,7). The purpose of this article is to show that this type of prediction is not useful due to irregular, and sometimes very
poor, correlation between daily values of TEC and F10.7. Long-term measurements of solar radio flux, however, have been shown to be well correlated with monthly mean TEC, as well
as with the critical frequency of the inonospheric F2 region (foF2), which is proportional to the electron density at the
peak of the ionospheric F2 region. ? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
14.
Global Ionosphere Maps of VTEC from GNSS,satellite altimetry,and formosat-3/COSMIC data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
For space geodetic techniques, operating in microwave band, ionosphere is a dispersive medium; thus signals traveling through
this medium are in the first approximation affected proportional to inverse of the square of their frequencies. This effect
allows gaining information about the parameters of the ionosphere in terms of Total Electron Content (TEC) or the electron
density (N
e
). TEC or electron density can then be expressed by means of spherical harmonic base functions to provide a Global Ionosphere
Map (GIM). The classical input data for development of GIMs are obtained from dual-frequency observations carried out at Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations. However, GNSS stations are in-homogeneously distributed around the world, with
large gaps particularly over the oceans; this fact reduces the precision of the GIM over these areas. On the other hand, dual-frequency
satellite altimetry missions such as Jason-1 provide information about the ionosphere precisely above the oceans; and furthermore
Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites, such as Formosat-3/COSMIC (F/C) provide well-distributed information of ionosphere globally.
This study investigates on global modeling of TEC through combining GNSS and satellite altimetry data with global TEC data
derived from the occultation measurements of the F/C mission. The combined GIMs of vertical TEC (VTEC) show a maximum difference
of 1.3–1.7 TEC units (TECU) with respect to the GNSS-only GIMs in the whole day. The root mean square error (RMS) maps of
combined solution show a reduction of about 0.1 TECU in the whole day. This decrease of RMS can reach up to 0.5 TECU in areas
where no or few GNSS observations are available, but high number of F/C measurement is carried out. This proves that the combined
GIMs provide a more homogeneous global coverage and higher reliability than results of each single method. All comparisons
and validations made within this study provide vital information regarding combination and integration of various observation
techniques in the Global Geodetic Observing System of the International Association of Geodesy. 相似文献
15.
This paper investigates the third-order residual range error in the dual-frequency correction of ionospheric effects on satellite
navigation. We solve the two-point trajectory problem using the perturbation method to derive second-approximation formulas
for the phase path of the wave propagating through an inhomogeneous ionosphere. It is shown that these formulas are consistent
with the results derived from applying perturbation theory directly to the eikonal equation. The resulting expression for
the phase path is used in calculating the residual range error of dual-frequency global positioning system (GPS) observations,
in view of second- and third-order terms. The third-order correction includes not only the quadratic correction of the refractive
index but also the correction for ray bending in an inhomogeneous ionosphere. Our calculations took into consideration that
the ionosphere has regular large-scale irregularities, as well as smaller-scale random irregularities. Numerical examples
show that geomagnetic field effects, which constitute a second-order correction, typically exceed the effects of the quadratic
correction and the regular ionospheric inhomogeneity. The contribution from random irregularities can compare with or exceed
that made by the second-order correction. Therefore, random ionospheric irregularities can make a significant (sometimes dominant)
contribution to the residual range error. 相似文献
16.
电离层参量的提取是开展电离层研究的基础,而数据同化技术则是获取电离层参量的一种重要手段。以NeQuick模型的输出作为背景场,Kalman滤波作为同化算法,利用数据同化技术实现区域电离层TEC重构,结果表明,数据同化方法重构的倾斜总电子含量（TEC）和垂直TEC与实测值较为一致。相比NeQuick模型及全球电离层地图（GIM）数据,数据同化方法重构得到的TEC的平均误差和标准差均有明显的降低,实测数据验证了数据同化技术在区域TEC重构中的精度和可靠性。 相似文献
17.
Compared with the traditional GPS L1 C/A BPSK-R(1) signal, wideband global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals suffer more severe distortion due to ionospheric dispersion. Ionospheric dispersion inevitably introduces additional errors in pseudorange and carrier phase observations that cannot be readily eliminated by traditional methods. Researchers have reported power losses, waveform ripples, correlation peak asymmetries, and carrier phase shifts caused by ionospheric dispersion. We analyze the code tracking bias induced by ionospheric dispersion and propose an efficient all-pass filter to compensate the corresponding nonlinear group delay over the signal bandwidth. The filter is constructed in a cascaded biquad form based on the estimated total electron content (TEC). The effects of TEC accuracy, filter order, and fraction parameter on the filter fitting error are explored. Taking the AltBOC(15,10) signal as an example, we compare the time domain signal waveforms, correlation peaks, code tracking biases, and carrier phase biases with and without this all-pass filter and demonstrate that the proposed delay-equalization all-pass filter is a potential solution to ionospheric dispersion compensation and mitigation of observation biases for wideband GNSS signals. 相似文献
18.
论电离层对GPS定位的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
电离层是ＧＰＳ定位的主要误差源。本文论述电离层的特征和折射系数,以及电离层的下列影响：电离层码群延、电离层载波相位超前、电离层多普勒频移、振幅闪烁、电离层相位闪烁效应、磁暴对ＧＰＳ定位测量的影响、电离层对差分ＧＰＳ的影响和ＧＰＳ接收机的电离层改正。 相似文献
19.
RINEX_HO: second- and third-order ionospheric corrections for RINEX observation files 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
When GNSS receivers capable of collecting dual-frequency data are available, it is possible to eliminate the first-order ionospheric
effect in the data processing through the ionosphere-free linear combination. However, the second- and third-order ionospheric
effects still remain. The first-, second- and third-order ionospheric effects are directly proportional to the total electron
content (TEC), although the second- and third-order effects are influenced, respectively, by the geomagnetic field and the
maximum electron density. In recent years, the international scientific community has given more attention to these kinds
of effects and some works have shown that for high precision GNSS positioning these effects have to be taken into consideration.
We present a software tool called RINEX_HO that was developed to correct GPS observables for second- and third-order ionosphere
effects. RINEX_HO requires as input a RINEX observation file, then computes the second- and third-order ionospheric effects,
and applies the corrections to the original GPS observables, creating a corrected RINEX file. The mathematical models implemented
to compute these effects are presented, as well as the transformations involving the earth’s magnetic field. The use of TEC
from global ionospheric maps and TEC calculated from raw pseudorange measurements or pseudoranges smoothed by phase is also
investigated. 相似文献
20.
基于北斗GEO卫星独有的静地特性,本文利用其观测数据提取电离层TEC进行磁暴期间电离层TEC时空变化研究。同时利用全球电离层格网图GIM值进行试验对比,结果表明：北斗GEO卫星提取的TEC与GIM模型值变化趋势一致,并且前者可更有效地监测电离层的细微扰动变化。在此次磁暴发生期间,亚太地区电离层TEC变化及扰动响应特征在纬度方向差异明显。其中南北半球较高纬度区域,电离层TEC在磁暴主相阶段主要表现为正响应扰动,而赤道及北半球较低纬度区域,电离层TEC在磁暴主相及恢复相阶段均产生了强度更大、持续时间更长的正响应扰动。结合现有研究,认为造成此次电离层异常扰动的激励因素主要为东向快速穿透电场的增强及热层中性成分的变化。试验结果也证明了GEO卫星可以精准有效地监测在磁暴发生时电离层TEC的变化规律及不同空间位置处TEC产生的扰动响应特征。 相似文献