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利用GPS反射信号遥感全球海态 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
最近几年，迅速发展一种新的空基海洋遥感技术。它在低轨卫星上接收经海面或地面反射的GPS信号，通过分析C／A或P码的相关函数波形及其后沿，荻得全球海面平均高度、浪高、海面风场以及土壤湿度等，提供海洋中尺度涡旋发展、演变信息，监测和分析高纬地区冰层厚度。它采用无源探测方法，具有成本低、荻取数据量多和快速等突出特点，是传统卫星高度计探测的重要补充和发展。该文讨论了这项技术发展现状、反射信号的时间延迟以及海态参数计算等关键技术；也给出作者利用掩星观测资料分析得到的海面反射回波一些重要结果。 相似文献
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对GPS反射信号的功率波形以及GPS信号在海面的散射区域进行了阐述，并对海面风场反演的原理和方法作了具体的介绍。处理了NASA在Michael飓风中机栽实验的数据，反演得到的风速精度为2m／s左右，从而验证了通过GPS反射信号反演海面风场在理论和实践上的可行性。 相似文献
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地形图测绘中RTK技术的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RTK（Real Time Kinematics）技术即实时载波相位差分技术，是实时处理两个测点载波相位观测量的差分方法，是一种高效的定位技术。载波相位差分方法分两类：一类是修正法，即将基准点的载波相位修正值直接发给流动站，改正流动站接收到的载波相位，然后求解流动站的实时坐标，该方法初始化速度慢，定位精度稍差，称准RTK技术；第二类是差分法，即求解起始相位整周模糊度，又称RTK初始化，然后再进行实时差分，是真正的RTK技术。差分法要求基准站GPS接受机实时地把观测数据及已知数据传输给流动站GPS接受机，流动站快速求解整周模糊度，在观测到5颗或以上卫星后，可实时求解出厘米级的流动站位置。由此可见，GPS RTK测量除应具备GPS信号接收系统外，还依赖两项关键技术：数据传输和数据实时处理技术。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(9)
从模拟振动实验和工程实测两方面验证了高采样率GPS单历元定位技术是一种监测高层建筑风致振动的有效手段。应用小波对GPS观测的振动信号进行提取,结果表明,GPS能精确地观测到建筑物2mm的风致振动变形。 相似文献
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将GPS的卫星接收仪与左旋与右旋极化天线结合,接收来自水面微弱的GPS反射信号,并对该信号进行提取和分析。同时应用右旋圆极化及左旋圆极化天线分别接收GPS发射和反射信号,并微调接收天线提高GPS正、反信号的分辨率,获得天线的有效接受频率范围及近似的方位,根据几何方法,进一步利用各卫星与接收仪天线所在位置形成的投影,反推计算所接收各组微弱反射信号的虚拟地面及水面发射点。通过对比信号强度、时间修正延迟量、大气修正延迟量,完成求解反射点的位置与高度,在利用这些精确的高度数据,反推波形模式、波浪特性与形态,为河海与港湾工程及潮汐观测提供有效依据。 相似文献
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针对GPS浮标用于卫星高度计定标时需要从瞬时海面高观测值中提取平均海面高的需求,研究了其有限冲激响应低通滤波方法。分析了窗函数设计法中几种窗函数的幅频响应特性,讨论了低通滤波器截止频率的确定原则,给出了滤波器阶数的确定方法。基于浮标测量海面高仿真序列的计算结果表明,不同窗函数的滤波效果相差不大;实际定标应用中滤波器的截止频率可设计为需要滤除海浪信号最低频率的一半,滤波器阶数可根据此设置频率计算得到。 相似文献
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GPS测量误差与数据处理的质量控制 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
针对GPS测量结果的误差来源,从GPS卫星信号传播过程、观测条件和数据处理等方面讨论了GPS控制网数据处理的质量控制问题,介绍怎样进行基线解算和网平差的质量控制,并阐述了提高GPS网精度的若干方法。 相似文献
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利用不同重力场模型（EIGEN-6C4、EGM2008）和海面高模型（DNSC08、DTU10、DTU13）确定了全球平均海面重力位均值62 636 856.550 7 m2s-2,加入海面地形改正后得到全球大地水准面重力位均值62 636 858.179 0 m2s-2。联合EGM2008模型与全国均匀分布的649个GPS/水准数据,根据异常位法、正常高反算法以及高程异常差法,分别计算了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准之间的垂直偏差,并对3种垂直偏差结果通过加权方法进行了改善。最后,利用两种方法对垂直偏差结果的合理性与正确性进行验证。结果表明我国高程基准面高于全球平均海面0.298 0 m,高于全球大地水准面0.464 2 m。 相似文献
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采用中国地壳运动观测网络工程厦门基准站的GPS观测数据以及厦门验潮站的验潮数据,计算了厦门海域的海平面绝对变化速度,并就高程变化问题作了深入讨论,表明点位高程变化呈周期性,几期GPS连续观测受其影响不能得出实际的高程线性变化速率,指出了要监测验潮站的地壳垂直运动,最好采用多年连续的GPS观测数据。 相似文献
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The mean sea level along the Swedish coast has been recomputed, taking into account the effect of the permanent tide on the height system. The recomputed data show the deviation of mean sea level (1960) from the mean geoid, i.e. the oceanographic deviation of mean sea level, with NAP as zero. On the basis of a conversion between the Finnish and Swedish height systems, mean sea level data from the Finnish coast are reduced to the same system as on the Swedish coast.The geodetically determined mean sea level values are compared with oceanographic model calculations. On the whole, the agreement between geodesy and oceanography is found to be good. Nevertheless, oceanography tends to yield somewhat larger deviations of the mean sea level than geodesy, especially in the extreme parts of both the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland. This might indicate that the oceanographic model has overestimated some effect. However, across the Gulf of Bothnia the oceanographic model predicts slightly smaller mean sea level differences than the geodetic data suggest. 相似文献
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Hyangsun Han Jae-In Kim Chang-Uk Hyun Seung Hee Kim Jeong-Won Park Young-Joo Kwon 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(5):650-669
ABSTRACT Surface roughness of sea ice is primary information for understanding sea ice dynamics and air–ice–ocean interactions. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a powerful tool for investigating sea ice surface roughness owing to the high sensitivity of its signal to surface structures. In this study, we explored the surface roughness signatures of the summer Arctic snow-covered first-year sea ice in X-band dual-polarimetric SAR in terms of the root mean square (RMS) height. Two ice campaigns were conducted for the first-year sea ice with dry snow cover in the marginal ice zone of the Chukchi Sea in August 2017 and August 2018, from which high-resolution (4 cm) digital surface models (DSMs) of the sea ice were derived with the help of a terrestrial laser scanner to obtain the in situ RMS height. X-band dual-polarimetric (HH and VV) SAR data (3 m spatial resolution) were obtained for the 2017 campaign, at a high incidence angle (49.5°) of TerraSAR-X, and for the 2018 campaign, at a mid-incidence angle (36.1°) of TanDEM-X 1–2 days after the acquisition of the DSMs. The sea ice drifted during the time between the SAR and DSM acquisitions. As it is difficult to directly co-register the DSM to SAR owing to the difference in spatial resolution, the two datasets were geometrically matched using unmanned aerial vehicle (4 cm resolution) and helicopter-borne (30 cm resolution) photographs acquired as part of the ice campaigns. A total of five dual-polarimetric SAR features―backscattering coefficients at HH and VV polarizations, co-polarization ratio, co-polarization phase difference, and co-polarization correlation coefficient ―were computed from the dual-polarimetric SAR data and compared to the RMS height of the sea ice, which showed macroscale surface roughness. All the SAR features obtained at the high incidence angle were statistically weakly correlated with the RMS height of the sea ice, possibly influenced by the low backscattering close to the noise level that is attributed to the high incidence angle. The SAR features at the mid-incidence angle showed a statistically significant correlation with the RMS height of the sea ice, with Spearman’s correlation coefficient being higher than 0.7, except for the co-polarization ratio. Among the intensity-based and polarimetry-based SAR features, HH-polarized backscattering and co-polarization phase difference were analyzed to be the most sensitive to the macroscale RMS height of the sea ice. Our results show that the X-band dual-polarimetric SAR at mid-incidence angle exhibits potential for estimation of the macroscale surface roughness of the first-year sea ice with dry snow cover in summer. 相似文献
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海洋卫星测高在全球和区域大地水准面建模、全球海洋重力场反演、海底地形探测、海平面变化监测、构造板块运动研究等大地测量领域至关重要。本文概述了海洋微波测高卫星的简要发展历程,重点梳理了卫星测高在全球海洋重力场和全球海底地形建模方面取得的丰硕成果,对比分析了主流的海洋重力场和海底地形模型;介绍了合成孔径雷达高度计、Ka频段雷达高度计、合成孔径雷达干涉仪3种先进微波测高技术,并分析了其各自的优缺点,表明它们将在未来若干年呈并驱发展趋势;较为系统地阐述了海洋卫星测高的另一新型技术,即GNSS反射信号测量技术的研究动态,给出了GNSS-R(GNSS reflectometry)类(试验)卫星的发展脉络和发展前景。卫星测高的发展趋势之一是多颗测高卫星的组网观测,本文概括了曾经提出的和拟议中的若干组网测高计划,扼要介绍了由我国提出并正在实施的双星跟飞测高模式;最后指出了卫星测高发展的几个主要关注点,包括双星跟飞测高和SWOT(surface water ocean topography)任务的2维海面高(差)测量、卫星测高反演海底地形与高级地形激光高度计观测数据及遥感卫星图像的结合、星载GNSS-R厘米级海面高的载波相位测量、人工智能技术在卫星测高中的潜在应用等。 相似文献
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与验潮站技术相比,岸基全球导航卫星定位系统干涉反射技术(GNSS-IR)海面测高成本较低,且其观测量不受地壳沉降的影响,并可利用目前已有的沿海岸GNSS固定站提供的数据反演海面高度。目前常用观测量为大地测量型GNSS接收机给出的信噪比(SNR)值,然而,早期很多GNSS设备的输出文件中都不包含该值,导致无法利用它们研究海面高度长期变化趋势。但经典的码伪距和载波相位观测值中,同样包含着GNSS-IR测高信息。本文分别引入单频码伪距和单频载波相位的组合,以及单频码伪距和双频载波相位的组合GNSS两种观测值的组合实现了岸基海面测高。本文采用模拟数据证明了基于前一组合的GNSS-IR测高精度受到电离层延迟残差的影响,而后一种组合可避免该误差项的影响。为验证两种组合方法的有效性,在山东威海一海上栈桥上开展了试验,采集了全球定位系统(GPS)和北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的观测数据,并处理得到了海面测高信息。最后,将反演结果与26 GHz雷达高度计的观测值进行了比较分析,发现二者具有较好的一致性,相关系数均优于85%。试验结果表明:两种码伪距和载波相位组合法均可用于GNSS-IR测高。另外,由于当前GNSS-IR测高受多种误差项影响,导致反演精度较低,使得后一种组合在避免电离层延迟残差方面的优越性并没有明显体现。本文组合方法的引入,增加了海面高度反演方法的多样性,提升了GNSS-IR测高技术的应用空间。 相似文献
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The crossover adjustment plays a central role in the processing of satellite altimeter measurements. The usual procedure
is to form sea surface height differences at crossover points, solve for the radial orbit error (with due attention to the
singular nature of the estimation problem) and then to construct altimetric sea-level maps using the mean sea surface heights
at the crossover points. Our approach is very different, to make direct use of measurements at crossover points without differencing
and to estimate simultaneously orbit parameters, mean sea surface height and sea surface height variability in a single, unified
adjustment. The technique is suited for repeat data over an area small enough that adjoining passes may be considered to be
parallel and to permit the solution of a set of linear equations of dimension equal to the number of crossover points. The
size of the numerical problem is almost independent of the number of repeat cycles of the altimeter mission. Explicit recognition
is given to the rank defect of the least-squares estimation problem; we show that, for an orbit model with r parameters, the rank defect of the local crossover problem is exactly r
2. The defect may be overcome by choosing an appropriate set of constraints – either giving a best fit of mean sea surface
heights to a reference surface, or minimising orbit parameters, or a minimum norm solution in which both mean sea surface
heights and orbit parameters are minimised. There is no need to choose a reference pass, all passes are treated equally and
data gaps are easily accommodated. Numerical results are presented for the south-western Indian Ocean, based on the first
2 years of altimeter data from the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission.
Received: 31 May 1996 / Accepted: 19 April 1997 相似文献
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韩英 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2008,33(2):208-211
利用小波多分辨分析方法对1992年10月至2002年8月南海区域海面高异常时间序列进行了分析处理,提取了该区域海面高线性升高信息.结果表明,南海区域在9.86 a的时间里海面高平均升高了94.1 mm;并获取了从2 a至45 d的5种波动传播的振幅和相位,分析了波动传播的概貌. 相似文献
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利用T/P测高数据反演了中国近海及西北太平洋海域的潮汐参数,构造了CSR3.0、FES95.2和T/P反演的海潮模型改正下的海面高时间序列,通过海面高变化曲线及功率谱的比较确定了利用测高数据发现的海平面季节内变化主要是潮汐模型误差的贡献. 相似文献