共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
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遥感解译标志建立思路研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对地理国情普查与监测中遥感解译工作量大、解译难度高,解译工作人员不可能逐一实地核实每一个图斑的具体问题,提出了建立遥感解译标志库辅助作业人员解译的思路,以国情普查遥感解译样本数据库的建立为例,建立遥感影像解译样本标志库,方便遥感解译人员进行准确解译。 相似文献
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在山地复杂地形条件下,利用热红外遥感获得的地表温度分布显著受到地形的影响,真实的地热异常信息往往难以识别,热红外遥感应用于山区地热勘探受到极大限制。以广东龙川地热勘查区为研究区,初步探讨了山地环境中如何抑制地形效应,以有效提取地热异常。首先,基于Landsat ETM+遥感数据反演地表温度,分析坡向和坡度两个地形因子与地表温度的关系;然后,在此基础上,将研究区的地表温度按坡向分成3个子区(阳坡、过渡坡和阴坡),根据阳坡地表温度与坡向的线性拟合关系将其校正到水平坡度上;最后,结合地质构造分布和地表覆被情况,在3个子区识别了4处地热异常,并与已知地热点进行比较验证。结果表明:坡向分区和阳坡坡度校正能够有效抑制地形效应,提高遥感地热异常识别精度,为山区地热资源的预测评价提供新思路。 相似文献
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遥感影像解译标志库的建立和应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在遥感影像解译标志库中,全面、综合地总结了各种解译要素和常见的各种典型地物及其解译标志。该库具有全面性、综合性、开放性和包容性的特点。同时,结合该遥感影像解译标志库,成功地实现了对研究区的遥感地质解译。根据所建立的解译标志库系统地总结了研究区各种岩性的遥感影像特征;解译结果与1:200000地质资料相对比,共发现18处影像特征与其不一致的地方。经野外验证,根据解译标志库所建立的不同岩性的解译标志及解译结果是准确可靠的。 相似文献
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在明确遥感影像的类型、解译概念、解译过程的基础上,深入探讨了遥感影像的解译方法及其应用,并以建立图像解译标志的实例,生动的展示了遥感影像解译在第二次土地调查中的重要作用。在影像解译流程化、系统化工作层面,提供了良好的技术经验。 相似文献
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根据卫星遥感影像色彩、色调异常、构造地貌、水系和纹理特征,提炼了活动构造遥感地质解译的垂直错动标志和水平错动标志,进行了沂沭断裂带北段的活动构造遥感地质解译,编制沂沭断裂带北段的遥感地质断裂构造解译图,实现了活动构造遥感地质解译的野外地质考察与检验,初步确定沂沭断裂带北段断裂的空间分布和断裂的活动性。沂沭断裂带北段活动构造遥感地质解译与检验的实践证明,具有周期性、视野宽广和信息丰富的遥感数据和便捷快速的图像处理技术,在断裂构造探查和活动性鉴定中有着广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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《国土资源遥感》2017,(1)
岩性解译是遥感地质解译中十分重要的内容,解译前首先要根据待解译区地质体的岩性及其组合类型建立遥感解译标志。北巴颜喀拉山群复理石建造因岩性单一、地层厚度巨大、难见顶底且化石稀少,长期以来对该套地层的划分相对困难且争议颇多,形成了众多划分方案。针对这种情况,采用遥感方法,以SPOT5和ETM卫星遥感数据为基础影像,从岩性解译入手进行了最大程度的地质信息挖掘。从4个方面详细阐述了岩性解译和岩性组合划分的依据,系统地介绍了研究区基于遥感影像的岩性可视化解译标志的建立过程。并利用所建立的解译标志重新厘定了地层的影像特征,细分了各地层岩段或岩性组合,取得了对研究区地层岩性的新认识,为北巴颜喀拉山群地层对比及区域地质调查提供了新资料。 相似文献
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高分辨率遥感技术为活动断层大比例尺调查提供了高效的技术方法,它可以对活动断层及其控制的构造微地貌进行全面深入的定量研究,分析断层几何形态、结构特征与构造变形,进而明确断层运动学特征及力学机制。然而,遥感技术应用于活动断层与传统遥感地质调查工作区别很大,前者需要建立不同类型的活动断层遥感解译标志,目前该方面仍然缺乏系统性的总结与指导,错误不当的解译标志容易造成对活动断层理解的偏差。为此,系统地分析了高分辨率遥感在活动断层调查应用中的技术现状,特别是与传统遥感地质调查之间的区别与联系。在断层形成力学机制分析的基础上,总结不同断层模式形成的复杂多样的构造微地貌模型及其表现形式,通过对一些活动断裂带上典型地貌特征遥感影像的分析,给出了不同活动断层及相关微地貌的高分辨率遥感识别标志及分析方法。通过大量典型的高分辨率遥感影像特征,建立遥感解译标志、构造微地貌与活动断层之间的关系模型,并强调利用遥感资料分析活动断层时,需考虑不同类型断层形成构造地貌的相似性与叠加性,应根据遥感解译标志对构造地貌模型及其形成的断层力学环境进行综合判定。本文的相关研究可以为中国大陆活动构造探察中遥感技术的应用提供很好的参考。 相似文献
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There is considerable interest in optimizing geothermal exploration techniques via the mapping of alteration and evaporate mineralisation, as well as of thermal emissions associated with geothermally active areas on the Earth’s surface. Optical and thermal satellite sensor technologies, improvements in processing algorithms and the means for large scale (e.g. 1:250,000) spatial data distribution are required for detecting both these attributes. The extensive visible, -near, -shortwave and thermal infrared (VNIR-SWIR-TIR) data archive acquired by the multi-spectral Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) provides a rich source of geoscience related imagery for geothermal exploration. Examples of generating large scale mosaicked ASTER imagery to provide province to continental mineral mapping have been undertaken in areas including such as Australia, western USA, Namibia and Zagros Mountains Iran. In addition, ASTER’s thermal infrared imagery also provides night time land surface temperature (LST) estimates relevant for detecting possible geothermal related anomalies.This study outlines existing methods for the application of ASTER data for geothermal exploration in East Africa. The study area encompasses a section of the East African Rift System across the Tanzanian and Kenyan border. The area includes rugged volcanic terrain which has had geological mapping of limited coverage at detailed scales, from various heritages and mapping agencies. This study summarizes the technology, the processing methodology and initial results in applying ASTER imagery for such compositional and thermal anomaly mapping related to geothermal activity. Fields observations have been used from the geothermal springs of Lake Natron, Tanzania, and compared with ASTER derived spectral composition and land surface temperature results. Published geothermal fields within the Kenyan portion of the study area have also been incorporated into this study. 相似文献
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Qiming Qin Ning ZhangPeng Nan Leilei Chai 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is an important technique in the exploration of geothermal resources. In this study, a geothermal survey is conducted in Tengchong area of Yunnan province in China using TIR data from Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor. Based on radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction and emissivity calculation, a simple but efficient single channel algorithm with acceptable precision is applied to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) of study area. The LST anomalous areas with temperature about 4–10 K higher than background area are discovered. Four geothermal areas are identified with the discussion of geothermal mechanism and the further analysis of regional geologic structure. The research reveals that the distribution of geothermal areas is consistent with the fault development in study area. Magmatism contributes abundant thermal source to study area and the faults provide thermal channels for heat transfer from interior earth to land surface and facilitate the present of geothermal anomalies. Finally, we conclude that TIR remote sensing is a cost-effective technique to detect LST anomalies. Combining TIR remote sensing with geological analysis and the understanding of geothermal mechanism is an accurate and efficient approach to geothermal area detection. 相似文献
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Despite the high geothermal potential of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), risks associated with the industry and the difficulty of identifying possible targets using ground surveys alone continue to impede the development of geothermal power diligence in Ethiopia. In this paper, we investigate the geothermal potential of the Tulu Moye prospect area in the MER using Landsat 8, which is an important and cost-effective method of detecting geothermal anomalies. Data with a path/row of 168/054 were obtained from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared (TIR) sensors for October 17, 2014. Based on radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction (with the 6S model) and an NDVI-based threshold method for calculating land surface emissivity, a split-window algorithm was applied to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) of the study area. Results show LST values ranging from 292.2 to 315.8 K, with the highest values found in barren lands. A comparison of LST between the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 8 shows a maximum difference of 1.47 K. Anomalous areas were also discovered, where LST was about 3-9 K higher than the background area. We identified seven of these as areas of high geothermal activity in the Tulu Moye prospective geothermal area. Auxiliary data and overlay analysis tools eliminated any non-geothermal influences. The research reveals that the distribution of highy prospective geothermal areas is consistent with the development and distribution of faults in the study area. Magmatism is the thermal source and faults provide conduits for the heat to flow from earth’s interior to the surface, facilitating the presence of geothermal anomalies. Finally, TIR remote sensing methods prove to be a robust and cost-effective technique for detecting LST anomalies in the geologically active area of MER. Moreover, combining TIR remote sensing with knowledge of the structural geology of the area and geothermal mechanisms is an efficient approach to detecting geothermal areas. 相似文献
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《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):460-479
Yellowstone National Park (YNP) is legally mandated to monitor geothermal features for their future preservation, and remote sensing is a component of the current monitoring plan. Landsat imagery was explored as a tool for mapping terrestrial emittance and geothermal heat flux for this purpose. Several methods were compared to estimate terrestrial emittance and geothermal heat flux (GHF) using images from 2007 (Landsat Thematic Mapper) and 2002 (Landsat Thematic Mapper Plus). Accurate estimations were reasonable when compared to previously established values and known patterns but were likely limited due to inherent properties of Landsat data, the effects of solar radiation, and variation among geothermal areas. Landsat data can be valuable for calculation of GHF in YNP. The method suggested in this paper is not highly parameterized. Landsat data provide the means to calculate GHF for all of YNP and have the potential to enable scientists to identify locations for in-depth study. 相似文献
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针对高光谱遥感异常检测中复杂背景与异常目标之间光谱特征相关性导致背景模型难以准确估计的问题,提出了一种基于多孔径映射的高光谱遥感异常检测算法。首先,不同于背景建模提取背景特征的方法,多孔径映射从不同角度提取数据特征,通过构建基集合表征高光谱数据的光谱特性,获得用于衡量统计差异的异常显著性指标。其次,为了实现对具有适中及低异常显著性像素的精细分析,本文基于模糊逻辑理论构建隶属度函数获得关于像素异常显著性的连续性属性标记,并将隶属度值作为权重,通过加权迭代过程实现多孔径映射的自适应收敛。最后,借鉴模糊逻辑理论中的去模糊机制,对多孔径检测结果进行融合,获得最终的检测结果。本文仿真试验采用高光谱遥感数据,从稳健性及对低显著度目标敏感性方面对算法进行验证。 相似文献
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This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential for remote sensing in exploring for geothermal resources. Temperature gradients in the earth crust are typically 25–30 °C per kilometer depth, however in active volcanic areas situated in subduction or rift zones gradients of up to 150 °C per kilometer depth can be reached. In such volcanic areas, meteoric water in permeable and porous rocks is heated and hot water is trapped to form a geothermal reservoir. At the Earth's surface hot springs and fumaroles are evidence of hot geothermal water. In low enthalpy systems the heat can be used for heating/cooling and drying while in high enthalpy systems energy is generated using hot water or steam. In this paper we review the potential of remote sensing in the exploration for geothermal resources. We embark from the traditional suite of geophysical and geochemical prospecting techniques to arrive at parameters at the Earth surface that can be measured by earth observing satellites. Next, we summarize direct and indirect detection of geothermal potential using alteration mineralogy, temperature anomalies and heat fluxes, geobotanical anomalies and Earth surface deformation. A section of this paper is dedicated to published remote sensing studies illustrating the principles of mapping: surface deformation, gaseous emissions, mineral mapping, heat flux measurements, temperature mapping and geobotany. In a case study from the La Pacana caldera (Chili) geothermal field we illustrate the cross cutting relationships between various surface manifestations of geothermal reservoirs and how remotely sensed indicators can contribute to exploration. We conclude that although remote sensing of geothermal systems has not reached full maturity, there is great potential for integrating these surface measurements in a exploration framework. A number of recommendations for future research result from our analysis of geothermal systems and the present contributions of remote sensing to studying these systems. These are grouped along a number of question lines: ‘how reproducible are remote sensing products’, ‘can long term monitoring of geothermal systems be achieved’ and ‘do surface manifestations link to subsurface features’? 相似文献
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利用C#语言编制了BP神经网络反演预测程序,基于具有代表性地区的高程异常数据,对BP神经网络在高程异常反演预测中的应用进行了分析。结果表明,本程序交互界面良好,具有很好的通用性;同时,在高程异常反演预测中取得良好的效果,说明神经网络在差异较大的数据反演预测方面仍具有较强的优势。 相似文献