共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
V. Ya. Sharova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):280-294
Procedures for the compilation of new maps showing the quantity and intensity of precipitation, which take into account its frequency, are outlined. The maps were prepared for the atlas The Natural Environment and Natural Resources of the World. A comparison is made with earlier published maps compiled by other methods. Translated by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1990, No. 2, pp. 5–16. 相似文献
2.
V. L. Gross 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):166-171
The author outlines a series of recommendations for the compilation of land-use maps used for regional economic planning, based on experience gained in a portion of southwestern Siberia. These recommendations include: (a) selection of an intermediate scale for mapping, suitable for the portrayal of both moderate detail and broad regional patterns, (b) compilation of a series of related environmental-economic maps on a common base, to facilitate comparisons, and (c) portraying on a final map not only land use per se, but incorporating natural limitations and resulting land improvement measures into ratings of existing and potential productivity. An example of the latter is provided, with the map legend organized according to a matrix format. Incorporation of productivity ratings is believed to reduce subjectivity involved in the formulation of planning recommendations. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 2, pp. 92-97. 相似文献
3.
V. S. Tikunov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):33-42
The example of manufacturing levels in Japan's prefectures is used to illustrate the multivariate design of thematic maps. The author maps the differences of the results obtained from the implementation of various models and shows how geographic content affects the reliability of modeling. Some general conclusions are offered regarding ways of measuring the reliability of mathematical-cartographic models. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1983, No. 4, pp. 42-48. 相似文献
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The authors describe a procedure for the compilation of maps of the avalanche hazard in high-mountain regions of Afghanistan. The basic sources of information include space imagery (photographs and scanner imagery), weather station data, and other geographic information on relief, elevation, location of moisture sources, etc. The methodology features the compilation of series of increasingly more specific and informative maps and graphs regarding the avalanche hazard: terrain types, snow cover depth and seasonal extent, duration of snow cover and its elevational zonation, snow as a factor in avalanche formation, and summary map of avalanche hazard. Translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906 from: Materialy glyatsiologicheskikh issledovaniy, 1991, No. 71, pp. 86–93. 相似文献
6.
A review of Soviet research describes methods of combining remote sensing and geodetic data in cartometric data bases—for the purposes of compiling more detailed and accurate “three-dimensional” terrain maps. The major objective is to provide, by means of photogrammetric techniques employing stereopairs or series of overlapping images, elevational data on selective key geomorphological points (along structure lines, summits of ridges, valley bottoms, etc.) which can be used to supplement (or replace) data obtained for the control points of a rectangular grid. Creation of digital models from these “geomorphological” points provides more accurate three-dimensional terrain maps. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1986, No. 6, pp. 56-64. 相似文献
7.
S. A. Shavrov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):96-103
A procedure is described for the revision of digital maps in geographic information systems, the basis of which rests upon a “mutual and unambiguous correspondence” between a digital map and its structural (text or graphic) model(s). Rules of transference, editing, elimination, inclusion, and cross-referencing of names are elaborated for regulation of the processes by which non-digital (cartographic, air photo, statistical) sources of new information are used to transform digital information in the original data base. Revision of digital maps is accomplished through creation of a data base of digital corrections to an original data base and/or subsequent editing of digital map(s) from these corrections or others initiated during raster scanning. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 9, pp. 38-43. 相似文献
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G. N. Ozerova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):323-330
The paper investigates the use of maps in obtaining, based on the cartometric and geographic analysis of form, information about the content of multi-state social and economic systems. Examples of specially compiled maps of multi-state systems are described and various considerations in map design and compilation are discussed: scale selection, identification of typologies and design of map legends, principles for the location of geographic features on the map, and stages in cartographic research and mapping of multi-state systems. Translated by H. L. Haslett, Leamington Spa, UK from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1990, No. 3, pp. 98–103. 相似文献
9.
General principles governing a structured, multiscalar approach to avalanche-hazard mapping are outlined. At an initial [regional] stage, intermediate-scale mapping (1:300,000) reveals spatial patterns of relevant avalanche parameters and possible lines of research into avalanche forecasting and control. Mapping at the second [local-planning] and third [site-planning] stages, at scales of 1:100,000 and 1:10,000 respectively, is oriented toward formulation of specific site selection and protection measures, and the development of monitoring and forecasting procedures. Excerpts from representative maps at each level are provided, along with detailed legends. Translated from: Materialy glyatsiologicheskikh issledovaniy, USSR Geophysical Committee Publication No. 51. Moscow: Mezhduvedomstvenniy geofizicheskiy komitet, 1984, pp. 216-223. 相似文献
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Feature classification maps derived from visual and automated methods of interpreting band-specific and composite imagery from the “Fragment” multispectral scanning system are compared in the study of vegetation and related features along the Gulf of Riga. The automated method, featuring a two-stage unsupervised/supervised classification algorithm developed at Moscow University (see MSRS, 1984, No. 3, pp. 255-261) provided for enhanced discrimination of wetland areas, farm land, and settlements, as well as for the elimination of extraneous components (especially the above) visually classified as deciduous forest. Translated from: Vestnilk Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1988, No. 3, pp. 49-57 by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC 20005. 相似文献
11.
《测量评论》2013,45(53):266-271
AbstractSince 1929 much of the primary triangulation carried out by the Geodetic Service of Canada has been preceded by an aerial reconnaissance of the areas: during this reconnaissance a tentative selection is made of station sites, and likely lines of sight are indicated. Varied types of topography have been covered—mountainous, rolling, flat wooded, mountain valleys. In most cases there were three common factors: the areas were well watered with lakes and rivers which permitted low flying in safety with pontoonor skii-equipped planes, ground transportation was difficult, and no contour maps existed. In some of the areas existing maps were very incomplete; of a few, reconnaissance aerial maps were available in which the planimetry was good; the better the map the easier the aerial reconnaissance. In all cases it was considered necessary that the air operations be checked by ground visits to the tentatively selected stations. 相似文献
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一种车载导航电子地图的制作方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了基于WebGIS分幅捕捉栅格地图、建立矢量地图的方法和流程,建立了公交站点、景点等兴趣点信息库,实现了道路网存储、拓扑重建和网络索引的数据结构与模型。 相似文献
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Dark maps, which are also called dark modes or dark themes, have gained popularity, but their usability has not been experimentally evaluated. This article presents a user experiment that uses eye-tracking to assess the usability of dark and light maps. Here, two widely used web maps, Google Maps and Gaode Maps, are selected at the street and city scales. Eight map-use tasks are designed and cover four operations (identify, compare, rank, and associate) with space-alone and attributes-in-space distinctions. Four pairs of map-use tasks (light-during-the-day, dark-during-the-day, dark-at-night, and light-at-night) are examined from three aspects: effectiveness, efficiency, and cognitive load. The results provide preliminary evidence that the light-during-the-day performance is generally the best in most cases, followed by the dark-at-night performance; the dark-during-the-day performance is the worst in all cases, followed by the light-at-night performance, which suggests that aligning the map design with the environment (i.e., lighting environment) is critical for better communication. The light-during-the-day performance is the best for space-alone tasks, and the dark-at-night performance is the best for attributes-in-space tasks. Our investigation also indicates that dark maps are far less favored in practice, which suggests that users' preference for using the dark mode of public-facing web maps needs to be shaped. Since light and dark maps are associated with photopic and scotopic vision, respectively, the results indicate the need for future studies on how to leverage scotopic vision to design better dark maps. 相似文献
14.
《测量评论》2013,45(93):316-321
AbstractThe advantages of orthomorphic projections for topographical maps, whether for civil or military uses, have been increasingly realised in recent years. This has led to their gradual adoption as bases for map series by the leading countries, the conical type having been adopted in France for the new 1 : 50,000 maps, in Canada for the National Defence maps and in Britain by the Directorate of Military Survey for some useful European series. Appreciation of the nature and properties of graticules can best be achieved through an understanding of the theory of the projection system, whether the exposition be mathematically or partly graphically developed. Whereas the cylindrical and zenithal types of the orthomorphic projections have some explanation in graphical form there has been no comparable alternative to the difficult mathematical treatment of the conical type. The semi-graphic method presented here has been developed to contribute towards such a graphical exposition and in its method demands only a modest mathematical ability. 相似文献
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Ye. V. Mel'nikov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):312-316
The author outlines, in diagrammatic form, a procedure for the joint use of old maps (topographic, land survey, etc.) and current space imagery to compile maps of environmental change. The ancient maps reveal land use and physical conditions which serve as a benchmark for evaluation of subsequent change. Space imagery is useful both in updating the current state of the environment and providing a cartographic base for the preparation of final maps. Selected areas of Moscow Oblast are used as test sites. Translated from: Izvestiya vuzov, Geodeziya i aerofotos' yem-ka, 1985, No. 1, pp. 104-109. 相似文献
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V. V. Vorob'yev A. V. Belov B. A. Bogoyavlenskiy V. S. Mikheyev Yu. S. Nikul'nikov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):235-245
A review of basic theoretical principles of “ecological” mapping and types of maps of the environment sets the stage for a more detailed treatment of ecological-geographic maps—maps portraying a wide range of nature-society and nature-nature relationships—as they are used in support of economic development and environmental monitoring in Siberia. Particular attention is devoted to the compilation of map series, which include ecological-geographical maps, for the Lake Baykal area, BAM service zone, West Siberia, and specific territorial production complexes (e.g., Kansk-Achinsk TPC). Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 3, pp. 10-18. 相似文献
18.
K. S. Lazarevich 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):163-171
In a critique of maps used for geomorphological research (too cluttered to be read effectively, too general in respect to contour positioning), the author describes: (a) a methodology whereby conventional hypsometric maps can be corrected through the use of air photos, (b) outlines principles for symbol generalization and selection whereby the amount of geomorphological information perceived on hypsometric maps is increased, and (c) recommends the joint use of hypsometric, topographic photo-, and general geomorphological maps as the most effective means of terrain analysis. Translated by Larry Richardson, Glendale, CA 91202 from: Geomorfologiya, 1991, No. 2, pp. 38–45. 相似文献
19.
N. V. Alisov E. B. Valev Yu. V. Ilinich V. T. Zhukov N. S. Mironenko 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):161-165
General problems of complex atlas mapping—selection of scales and indices for mapping, standardization of legends, establishment of appropriate levels of generalization, etc.—are addressed using the first comprehensive economic atlas of CMEA member countries as an example. The Atlas itself contains general overview maps of economic linkages of CMEA member nationa with the world economy, maps devoted to economic transactions and patterns within the CMEA as a whole, and general economic maps of the individual member nations. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1985, No. 4, pp. 3-6. 相似文献
20.
Efforts to reforest parts of the Kordofan Province of Sudan are receiving support from international development agencies. These efforts include planning and implementing reforestation activities that require the collection of natural resources and socioeconomic data, and the preparation of base maps. A combination of remote sensing, geographic information system and global positioning systems procedures are used in this study to meet these requirements. Remote sensing techniques were used to provide base maps and to guide the compilation of vegetation resources maps. These techniques provided a rapid and efficient method for documenting available resources. Pocket‐sized global positioning system units were used to establish the location of field data collected for mapping and resource analysis. A microcomputer data management system tabulated and displayed the field data. The resulting system for data analysis, management, and planning has been adopted for the mapping and inventory of the Gum Belt of Sudan. 相似文献