共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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基于RS和GIS的农业土地利用污染分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业已被确认为地表和地下水最主要的非点源污染源，而土地利用方式又是影响非点源污染的关键性因素。大规模的土地利用与开发、化肥与农药用量的增加、规模养殖业的发展、生活垃圾的增加等，这些非点污染源严重威胁水体质量，进而影响到人们的生活。为了更好地预测和控制、管理非点源污染，必须研究其负荷定量化问题。本文从以上几方面入手，讨论了非点源污染与农业土地利用方式之间的关系，利用组件GIS技术，以网格为评价单元，实现非点源污染负荷的定量计算及可视化分析。文章最后以上海市松江区作为研究区域，对该区的污染情况进行了分析。 相似文献
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基于GIS技术的农用地非点源磷污染危险性评价——以长江流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
识别磷素流失的关键源区,对合理实施养分资源管理、指导平衡施肥、有目的治理来源于农业养分造成的污染和农业的可持续发展有着重要的意义,本文以地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析功能和养分平衡计算等方法为依托,参照国际常用的磷指数法对长江流域主要农用地进行了农业非点源磷污染风险评价,得到以下结论:磷非点源污染危险性指数高和极高的农用地,分别占到了流域农用地的24.40%和0.49%;风险低和中区域分别占到了11.16%和63.95%。长江流域为农用地磷污染风险中等的流域。 相似文献
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基于GIS的小流域水土流失遥感定量监测研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
以三峡库区典型小流域为研究区域，通过遥感和野外调查进行信息采集．建立了流域环境数据库；在GIS支持下，根据修正通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）模型对数据库实施运算操作，探讨了流域内土壤侵蚀强度的空间分布规律，并估算了小流域水土流失量。 相似文献
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以黄河水土保持生态工程邙山生态园区邙山小流域水土保持为例,基于G IS技术,采用高分辨率遥感卫星IKONOS和高精度1∶1万比例尺DEM数据源,对小流域土地利用、植被覆盖、土壤侵蚀等进行了分析,建立了一个初步的水土保持应用系统。实现了水土保持信息查询、水土保持系列制图、水文特征分析、土壤侵蚀量估算等功能,对推进空间信息技术在水土保持领域应用进行了有益的探索。 相似文献
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以黄河水土保持生态工程邙山生态园区邙山小流域水土保持为例,基于GIS技术,采用高分辨率遥感卫星IKONOS和高精度1∶1万比例尺DEM数据源,对小流域土地利用、植被覆盖、土壤侵蚀等进行了分析,建立了一个初步的水土保持应用系统.实现了水土保持信息查询、水土保持系列制图、水文特征分析、土壤侵蚀量估算等功能,对推进空间信息技术在水土保持领域应用进行了有益的探索. 相似文献
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V. M. Chowdary Yatindranath S. Kar S. Adiga 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2004,32(1):59-73
Assessment of the environmental impact of Non Point Source (NPS) pollutants on a global, regional and localized scale is the
key component for achieving sustainability of agriculture as well as preserving the environment. The knowledge and information
required to address the problem of assessing the impact of NPS pollutants like Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), etc., on the
environment crosses several sub-disciplines like remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS), hydrology and soil
science. The remote sensing data, by virtue of its potential like synopticity, multi-spectral and multi-temporal capability,
computer compatibility, besides providing almost real time information, has enhanced the scope of automation of mapping dynamic
elements, such as land use/land cover, degradation profile and computing the priority categorisation of sub-watersheds. The
present study demonstrates the application of remote sensing, GIS and distributed parameter model Agricultural Non-Point Source
Pollution Model (AGNPS) in the assessment of hazardous non-point source pollution in a watershed. The ARC-INFO GIS and remote
sensing provided the input data to support modelling, while the AGNPS model predicted runoff, sediment and pollutant (N and
P) transport within a watershed. The integrated system is used to evaluate the sediment pollution in about 2700 ha Karso watershed
located in Hazaribagh area of Jharkhand State, India. The predicted values of runoff and sediment yield copared reasonably
well with the measured values. It is important to emphasize that this study is not intended to characterise, in an exhaustive
manner. Instead, the goal is to illustrate the implications and potential advantages of GIS and remote sensing based Hydrology
and Water quality (H/WQ) modelling framework. 相似文献
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长江上游重点水土流失区遥感动态监测及泥沙输移分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以嘉陵江流域重点产沙区为试点,选择1992和1996年两个时段,通过遥感、GIS以及数学模型相结合的方法对水土流失现状和水土保持效益进行调查分析,建立水土流失变化动态监测信息系统,并从流域的土壤侵蚀推测和分析流域河流泥沙的输移变化。 相似文献
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长期水文影响评价模型（Long-termHydrologicalImpactAssessment。L-THIA）是研究人类活动对流域非点源影响的重要评价模型之一。本文深入阐明了L—THIA模型的原理．探讨了SCSCN方法和污染物负荷的具体计算方法。在此基础上,提出了L-THIA模型存在的不足和改进方向,并以ArcMap为平台,对该模型进行了二次开发,二次开发后的模型主要包括六个模块．分别为土地利用分类模块、：￡壤分类模块、CN值计算模块、径流深度计算模块、径流最计算模块和污染物负荷计算模块。基于ArcMap平台的L-THIA模型利于用户方便处理数据,且提高了模型模拟的准确度,实现了模型本地化。 相似文献
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基于GIS的乌江流域地表径流模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于GIS平台，建立了数字乌江流域。在此基础上，选择5个典型子流域，利用流域1956-2000年的降雨和水文资料及流域2000年土地利用数据，分别计算5个子流域的年均降雨量、年均地表径流量和土地利用百分比；用多元回归分析工具建立流域年均地表径流量与年均降雨量和土地利用百分比之间的关系式，得到不同土地利用方式下的降雨径流模型；通过实测资料对模型进行验证的结果表明，模型模拟精度较高，相对误差在7％以内。 相似文献
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M P Tripathi R K Panda S Pradhan S Sudhakar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2002,30(1-2):39-52
This study was conducted for the Nagwan watershed of the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), Hazaribagh, Bihar, India. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to extract the hydrological parameters of the watershed from the remote sensing and field data. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was prepared using contour map (Survey of India, 1:50000 scale) of the watershed. The EASI/PACE GIS software was used to extract the topographic features and to delineate watershed and overland flow-paths from the DEM. Land use classification were generated from data of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1B—LISS—II) to compute runoff Curve Number (CN). Data extracted from contour map, soil map and satellite imagery, viz. drainage basin area, basin shape, average slope of the watershed, main stream channel slope, land use, hydrological soil groups and CN were used for developing an empirical model for surface runoff prediction. It was found that the model can predict runoff reasonably well and is well suited for the Nagwan watershed. Design of conservation structures can be done and their effects on direct runoff can be evaluated using the model. In broader sense it could be concluded that model can be applied for estimating runoff and evaluating its effect on structures of the Nagwan watershed. 相似文献
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The accurate assessment of soil erosion in the spatial environment can give valuable input in designing reservoirs and for preparing watershed management action plans. Rangit River in northeastern India is affected by severe soil erosion, causing reduction in its reservoir capacity. The main aim of the paper is to estimate the soil erosion in the Rangit catchment, India through a process-based soil erosion model that integrates remote sensing and field data in the geospatial domain, and also to identify the problem areas for further watershed management action plans. Various topographic parameters that were derived from land use, soil texture and a digital elevation model were used for the estimation of soil erosion. The Morgan, Morgan and Finny model was used to compute soil erosion. Based on the drainage pattern, the catchment was divided into eight sub-catchments for detailed study. Annual soil erosion was estimated for four years from 2002 to 2005 using the corresponding year’s meteorological data. Estimated soil erosion was compared with the field data in each year and found very good correlation. 相似文献
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K. N. Rao K. Narendra P. S. Latha 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(2):255-267
Runoff is one of the important hydrologic variables used in most of the water resources applications. The Soil Conservation
Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is adopted for the estimation of surface runoff in the Mehadrigedda watershed area, Visakhapatnam
district, India using multispectral remote sensing data, curve number approach and normal rainfall data. The main source of
water in the Mehadrigedda watershed area is by rain, most of it drains off and only a little percolates into ground. The weighted
curve number is determined based on antecedent moisture condition (AMC)-II with an integration of hydrologic soil groups (HSGs)
and land use/land cover LULC categories. An integrated approach is applied to delineate the land use/land cover information
as adopted from NRSA classification. The recording of daily rainfall data during the years 1997–2006 is collected from Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD) rainguage center at Kottavalasa. It is observed that the annual rainfall-runoff relationship
during 1997–2006, which is indicating that the overall increase in runoff with the rainfall of the watershed area. Integration
of remote sensing (RS) and geographical infomation system (GIS) techniques provide reliable, accurate and up-to-date information
on land and water resources. 相似文献