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1.
于2008年3月至2009年1月用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对湛江港海水中的铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)进行调查。分析结果表明:2008年湛江港湾海水中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量较低,年平均含量分别为4.46×10-3mg/L、14.2×10-3mg/L、0.795×10-3mg/L、0.588×10-3mg/L,总体上表层海水中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量均略低于底层海水。各季度海水中重金属含量的比较结果为:Cu的含量秋季>春季>夏季>冬季,Zn的含量夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,Pb的含量秋季>夏季>春季>冬季,Cd的含量冬季>夏季>秋季>春季。湛江港湾的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量均在中部水域湛江港码头核心作业区最高,港湾外较低;Zn、Cd在港湾内的含量较高。按照单因子污染指数法评价,湛江港湾海水中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均低于国家二类海水水质标准规定的限值,水质较好。 相似文献
2.
根据2011年7月浙江舟山西蟹峙海洋倾倒区及邻近海域表层沉积物重金属的监测结果,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态危害指数法分析表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,并评价其潜在生态风险。结果表明:沉积物重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量均符合国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准;重金属元素污染程度由高到低依次为Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、As、Cd、Hg,其中Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As 5种重金属元素为低污染水平,Zn和Cr 2种重金属元素为中等污染程度水平;7种重金属元素单个和综合潜在生态危害程度均为低风险水平,由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn。 相似文献
3.
海岸带处于陆地和海洋的接合部,人类开发活动密集,环境影响因素日趋复杂。选取烟台南部海岸带为研究对象,系统采集686个表层土壤样品对As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn共8个重金属元素含量进行测量,采用多元统计法及地统计法分析了8个重金属元素的来源及分布特征。最后对烟台南部海岸带地区进行了潜在生态风险评价。研究结果表明烟台南部海岸带地区整体污染程度较轻,所有重金属元素含量平均值均未超过国家二级标准。其中Cr,Ni,Cu元素主要来源于成土母质;As,Pb为混合源;Cd,Zn主要来自于工业三废、农业生产。研究区整体处于中低生态风险水平,Cd,Hg元素高生态风险点数量较多,需优先治理。 相似文献
4.
通过开展三岔顶一带1:5万水系沉积物测量,分析了研究Au,Ag,Cu,Pb,Zn,W,Sn,Mo,As,Bi,Sb,Cr,Ni,Co,Hg,Cd共16种元素地球化学参数特征及其相关性,认为该区元素的富集与地层、构造、岩浆岩明显相关;Hg,Cr,Ni,W,As,Au,Pb,Zn等元素变异系数较大,易于形成异常;Ag,As,Au,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Sb,Zn等10种元素不同程度富集,成矿可能性大。通过因子分析,提取了6种具有代表性的因子组合类型,讨论了各元素空间分布特征。全区共圈定31处地球化学综合异常,在综合异常查证的基础上,结合区域成矿地质条件、矿产地质特征,圈定出寒凝泉铬钴镍铜、黄沙河东铜银钼铅多金属、月牙湾铜银铅锌多金属3处找矿远景区,为该地区进一步开展找矿工作提供了基础地球化学依据。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古准和热音苏木地区属古亚洲成矿域内蒙古-大兴安岭成矿省二连-东乌旗晚古生代-中生代成矿带,是我国重要的铜及多金属集中分布区。野外调查采集了地表岩石(打块)样品61件,化验分析Au,Ag,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Sb,Bi,Hg,W,Sn,Mo,Cd,Co,Cr,Ni共16种元素。通过综合岩石中元素的地球化学分布特征信息,分析岩石元素的含量、各岩石分区元素的含量、岩石元素富集离散等特征,利用因子分析、聚类分析,研究岩石元素的组合特征,对元素组合的物质属性进行判定,分析成矿性,指明了找矿方向,指出了该区具有寻找硫化物型的Pb,Cu,Bi有色金属矿产及与安山岩有关的Cd,Co矿的找矿潜力。 相似文献
6.
贵港城区土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章在对贵港市城区土壤进行系统采样分析,测定了表层土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg含量的基础上,利用GIS技术和多元地统计结合的方法,研究了上述8种重金属的空间分布特征和来源。.结果表明:8种重金属元素含量平均值均高于玉林地区土壤背景值,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn分别是背景值的2.7、21.5、2.7、2.4、2.5、3.3、1.9和4.3倍,说明随着贵港城市化进程的快速发展,土壤中重金属呈现积累趋势。贵港城区土壤中8种重金属元素来源被分成3个类别,即农业交通源因子类别(Cd、Zn)、自然因子类别(Cr、Ni)和燃煤因子类别(As)。Pb、Cu和Hg的来源受3个因子的控制。 相似文献
7.
辽北地区主要元素的地球化学特征和元素的组合关系具有明显的层控特点,不同层位控制的元素与已知矿床元素组合模式相吻合。Cu、Zn、Au、Hg、Cd 赋存于鞍山群中,与红透山铜锌矿床相吻合。Au、Cu、Ag、Pb、Hg 赋存于混合岩中,与线金厂金矿床相吻合。Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、Sb、Ag 赋存于中、上元古界,与关门山铅锌矿床相吻合。Mo、Bi、W 赋存于鞍山群,目前虽无已知矿床与之类比,但为寻找和发现新矿床提供了地球化学信息。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(4)
于2014年5月对珠江口东部沿岸18条入海河口的淤积滩涂采集了表层沉积物样品,测定总有机碳、铝、铁、锰、铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、砷、汞含量,并以其分布特征及彼此之间的统计分析结果推断各元素间的来源相似性及来源类别,探讨重金属元素富集系数与其生物毒性间的特征关系。结果表明,研究区域的北部与南部表层沉积物重金属含量高于中部,其中Hg、Cu、Zn、Cd及Cr等元素来源相似,可能来源于人为污染,而Fe、Mn与As的相关程度高,则可能来源于自然沉积环境,至于Al与Pb元素则受岩石的自然风化影响较为明显。表层沉积物中Hg、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、As与Pb等特征重金属的富集系数均大于2,处于中等富集状态及以上,且多介于效应浓度低值(ERL)与效应浓度中值(ERL)之间,表示不利的生物效应偶有发生。各重金属间不利生物效应的发生频率与其富集系数(αEF)呈正相关关系,且As元素致使不利生物效应发生的机率较高(Cd则反之),而Cr的不利生物效应发生频率则随EF值的增加,其加剧的程度最快(Cd则反之)。 相似文献
9.
【目的】探究博贺湾海域表层沉积物重金属的污染特征和来源。【方法】基于2016年和2014年博贺湾海域表层沉积物Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As重金属调查结果,应用单因子污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法评估其生态风险,同时结合同步调查得到的总有机碳(TOC)参数,应用相关性分析和主成分分析方法,分析调查海域重金属的污染特征及来源。【结果】博贺湾海域表层沉积物重金属Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Hg含量均满足国家第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,95%站位的Cu、Cr满足国家第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,重金属污染程度由高到低依次为CrPbHgCuAsZnCd,重金属元素潜在生态危害影响程度依次为HgCdAsPbCuCrZn,TOC与重金属Hg含量成显著正相关,而与Cu、Zn、Cr无相关性。【结论】该海域Hg主要来源于有机质的降解,Cu、Zn、Cr具有相近来源,主要为人类工业生产与生活污染;Cd、Pb、As来源为人类工业生产与生活污染以及有机质的降解。调查海域综合潜在生态风险整体处于较低水平,重金属Hg为主要生态风险贡献因子。 相似文献
10.
陕西省泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属地质累积指数评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对陕西省泾惠渠灌区现场调查及土壤样品的采集,分析了灌区土壤中Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Cu、Zn等7种元素的含量,应用地质累积指数对灌区土壤进行了评价.结果表明:从区域分布看,阎良区、临潼区、高陵县所属采样点污染较严重;Hg污染最严重,地质累积指数为1.007～3.117,58%的采样点级别为3级,属中度污染到强污染,38%的采样点级别为2级.属中度污染;Zn污染程度次之,地质累积指数为-0.407～1.644,71%的采样点级别为1级,属无污染到中污染;Cd污染变异程度最大,地质累积指数为-2.705～3.312,70%的采样点级别.级,属无污染,但个别采样点达到了强污染;Cu的地质累积指数为-0.535～0.421,Pb为-1.119～-0.144,Cr为-1.005～-0.458,As为-0.562～0.077,除个别点外这些重金属污染级别皆为0级,属无污染. 相似文献
11.
A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these
trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises.
Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities
of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are
shown to be Cu(S4)
2
3−
and Cu(Sn4S5)3−, Zn(HS)
2
0
and ZnHS
2
−
, Cd(HS)
2
0
and Ni(HS)
2
0
, respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2+ and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in
the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S−O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S−O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace
metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation.
Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica 相似文献
12.
The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations. 相似文献
13.
MOIWO Juana P 《世界地质(英文版)》2001,4(2)
Porosity (n) and Dispersivity (D) were modeled in relation to Solute Transport Time (t) in a saturated, homogeneous, isotropic, unconfined aquifer using the MOC model. It was noted that n and D have an important influence on solute transport time t in groundwater, with a consistently strong and direct relationship between n, D, and t. In the case of porosity, the relationship was found to be directly related to t when other aquifer properties remained unchanged. This was also mathematically argued using a form of the flow equation put forward by Henry Darcy (1856). Dispersivity on the other hand had somehow the same relationship with solute transport time t as porosity, but with much less effect. That is, higher dispersions lead to longer solute transport time within the aquifer system. This was because as the individual solute particles set off from the average seepage velocity, they traversed through longer distances due to tortuosity, mechanical mixing, diffusion, and microscopic heterogeneity latent in the porous media. Also when n and D were co- treated over t, n was noted to be dominant over D with regard t. This follows that the effect of porosity on solute transport time far out shadowed that of dispersivity. Stated in other words, the dispersivity of a substance in any porous medium is to a large extent a function of the porosity of that medium. 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(1)
Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions. 相似文献
16.
Phytoplanktonic desmids community in Donghu Lake, Wuhan,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 INTRODUCTION Donghu Lake (30o33′N, 114o23′E) is a shallow medium sized freshwater lake in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and about 5 kilometers away from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Before the 1960s, the water surface area was about 27.8 km2. The lake water was clear and the pH ranged from 6 to 7. The shallow area of the lake abounded with macrophytes. The phytoplanktonic and peripheral desmids were very abundant also in this lake. In the late 1960s, Donghu Lake with tota… 相似文献
17.
Photo-protective functions were investigated in phytoplankton assemblages at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard in spring, using their UV-absorbing compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)), xanthophyll pigments (diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (DT)) and < beta >- dimethylsulphoniopropionate (< beta >-DMSP). The dominant phytoplankton species in the inner bay were dominated by Phaeocystis spp. and nanoflagellates, while the offshore waters were dominated by Thalassiosira spp. In the inner bay, UVabsorbing compounds and xanthophyll pigments exhibited higher ratios of MAA to chlorophyll a (MAA:chl a ratio), and both DD and DT to chlorophyll a (DD:chl a ratio and DT:chl a ratio), respectively. Thus, the photoprotective-pigments such as DD and DT appear to complement MAAs in the natural phytoplankton assemblage. However, the ratio of < beta >-DMSP to chlorophyll a (< beta >-DMSP:chl a ratio) did not show a distinct spatial distribution according to environmental factors or interspecies differences. In this study, we found that photoprotective compounds occurred in a manner dependent on the phytoplankton species composition in Kongsfjorden Bay, where Phaeocystis is the dominant species. 相似文献
18.
Microstructure profiling measurements taken on a shallow Black Sea shelf and in Lake Banyoles and Boadella reservoir (Both in Spain) are analyzed to investigate the influence of boundary-layer-induced turbulence of various sources on mixing in the water interior. The state of turbulence in shallow waters is examined and details of microstructure data processing and error analysis are discussed. The dependence between averaged activity parameter AG and buoyancy Reynolds number Reb for the shelf turbulence indicates that for Reb < 1 the state of turbulence can be described by the fossil turbulence model, which postulates AG-Reb1/2. For Reb> 1, however, the influence of Reb on AG is weak, signifying that the buoyancy Reynolds number can no longer serve as the governing parameter for active turbulent mixing. The generation of turbulence by a one-minute long wind bursts (the Boadella reservoir) increases the averaged dissipation rate (e) of the surface mixed layer by more than 5 times (up to 3×10-6 W kg-1). The influence of the wind bursts was also traced below the ther-mocline, where turbulent patches with 相似文献
19.
20.
Dynamics and Relationships of Ca,Mg,Fe in Litter,Soil Fauna and Soil in Pinus koraiensis-Broadleaf Mixed Forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area.The authors collected the samples of forest litter (Tilia amurensis,Fraxinus mandshurica,Pinus koraiensis,Acer mono,Betula costata,and mixed litter),soil in humus horizon (0-5cm) and soil horizon (5-20cm),and soil macrofauna (Oligochaeta,Geophiloporpha and Juliformia) from 2001 to 2002.The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index (EI).The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated.The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly,and then decrease in the study period.The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter,and the mixed litter is in the middle level,but the differences among them are not significant.The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil,but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus.The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter.The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg (EI>1),but it does not significantly enrich Fe.Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra,but EI<1.Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems. 相似文献