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1.
数字农业——数字地球的应用之一 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
本文描述了数字农业的概念和内容, 目前的状态和趋势。信息技术、空间技术和微电子技术使传统农业产生了革命性的变化。数字农业是以大田耕作为基础, 以先进的高技术为支撑的集约化和信息化的农业技术系统。它是指从耕作、播种、灌溉、施肥、中耕、田间管理、植物保护、产量预测到收获、保存、管理等过程实现数字化、网络化和智能化, 应用遥感、遥测、遥控、全球定位系统和计算机等先进技术, 以及智能化的农业设备, 实现农业生产和管理的数字化。使每一平方米的土地得到最优化的使用。形成一个包括对农作物、土地、土壤从宏观到微观的监测、预测农作物生长、发育状况以及环境要素的现状和动态分析、诊断预测、耕作措施、管理方案的决策支持在内的信息农业技术系统。本文首先描述遥感和遥测技术在农业监测和预报中的作用, 介绍了GPS、GIS和自动化农机的一体化技术以及数字农业技术系统的构成。 相似文献
2.
Rural off-farm employment, rapid loss of agricultural land, and advanced technology popularization had led agricultural production
in Chinese typical rural areas come at a critical transformation and upgrade stage. Based on sample survey data gathered from
401 households in Yucheng City, Shandong Province, this paper focuses on the characteristics and mechanism of agricultural
transformation in typical rural areas of the eastern China. It was found that 74.3% of households surveyed kept at least one
member engaging in off-farm employment, and 57.1% looked forward to expanding the operational scale of arable land, while
just 13.7% had actually transferred their agricultural land. Since growing off-farm employment does not result in the collapse
of traditional subsistence agriculture, therefore, agricultural production in Yucheng City is at an incomplete transformation
phase from traditional small-holder farming to modern scale economy. It is caused by both macro environments and family characteristics,
while urban-rural dual structure, imperfect rural development policy and agricultural technology popularization make peasant
economy strengthen upon maintenance, and small-holder farming becomes peasant’s natural response owing to pluriactivity, local
off-farm employment, reverse elimination, etc. In order to achieve smooth agricultural transformation of typical rural areas in the eastern China, it needs to promote
professional differentiation among peasants, under clear policies adopted by central government. Providing comprehensive services
for agricultural production and improving production skills and knowledge of farmers who are still living in the countryside
will effectively stimulate the process of agricultural transformation. 相似文献
3.
VishwambharPrasadSati 《山地科学学报》2004,1(2):155-165
Agrarian system is well adapted in Himalayan eco-system. Hence, the people have adopted the traditional subsistence cereal farming and it becomes the main stay of Himalayan people. About 80 percent of the workable force is attached with agriculture and its allied practices, according to the census of 1991. Although, horticultural farming runs parallel with agriculture, its proportion in terms of land is quite less, resulted in a negligible place in the economy of the region. Human resources, mainly men are attached with national security after recruitment in Army. While, women play a vital and integrated role in maintaining the workable potential in the field of agriculture and are known as backbone of economy. An animal resource implies foremost and wider part in agricultural system and economy as well Water resources are unutilized yet, while almost all the major rivers of our country are originated from and flowing through this region. Increasing population causes forest resources depletion. The economy of the region is rested either on ‘traditional cereal farming‘ or ‘money order based‘ development, which could not take place due to its remoteness from the main streams of the country. The impactof modern technology with innovation in agricultural system remains impracticable due to unwillingness of people in one hand and on the other hand, adversege ographical conditions like topography, climate etc. which could not permit the uses of modern innovation in the field of agriculture. As for infra-structurally, this region is lacked behind, due to its inaccessibility. While, this region is bestowed with numerous rivers, many places for tourists and pilgrims, and huge forest resources. They might be used evenly in thedevelopment processes. The practice of tourism will help for the further development, particularly, in the wake of the newly born state, Uttaranchal. The present paper aims to evaluate the present potentiality of resources and their balanced utilization in the Pindar Basin. A precise study has been done on resource utilization, ecology and environment with keeping view in mind that more or less exploitation of resources could not influence the environment and the economy of the region. 相似文献
4.
Khaled Misbahuzzaman 《山地科学学报》2016,13(8):1489-1502
Shifting cultivation is a traditional farming system practiced in the tropical mountainous areas. Although it has been widely perceived as an economically inefficient and environmentally harmful agricultural production system, recent science reviews, however, indicate that the deleterious impacts of shifting cultivation on environment may have been overestimated. Despite the pressures of agricultural intensification in areas where shifting cultivation occurs, farmers across the tropics still maintain this traditional farming system. The objective of this study was to explore existing traditional shifting cultivation practices and their various modifications including the innovative farming techniques developed by farmers in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs), the mountainous region of Bangladesh, and examine their importance with respect to recent socio-economic and environmental changes. The study revealed that shifting cultivation still exists as the most dominant farming method which supports livelihoods and culture of the hill ethnic people. However, demand for more food and household income to meet livelihood needs of an increasing population combined with a rapid deterioration of soil and water quality over decades contributed to development of innovative farming practices through fallow land farming, crop substitution, agroforestry and homestead gardening in the CHTs. Through these farming techniques farmers maintain a strong relationship with traditional knowledge system embedded in the age-old shifting cultivation practices. Today state policies and market forces act in favor of replacement of traditional farming with intensive cash crop agriculture. It seems that disappearance of traditional farming practices from the hills may threaten local biodiversity and food security. It may be recommended that shifting cultivation should be encouraged in areas where they have potential for contributing to preservation of native biodiversity and ecosystem services, and protection of local peoples’ food security and cultural identity. 相似文献
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6.
Dynamic Evolvement of Agricultural System and Typical Patterns of Modern Agriculture in Coastal China： A Case of Suzhou 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
Based on dynamic theory of system, agriculture is a complex system composed by element, structure, function and development.
Firstly, this paper analyzes their connotation and relationship, which could be simply described that in virtue of element
integrating and structure optimizing, agricultural system may achieve multifunctionality to meet increasingly diverse demands.
As a case study of Suzhou, it concludes that Suzhou has a LP-dependence on agricultural element, and the growth extent of
agricultural productivity correlates to the ratio of agricultural labor reducing rate to farmland reducing rate. Agricultural
structure of Suzhou changed with time, and in the early 1980s and 2000s it was most notable. Correspondingly, agricultural
function has experienced a succession process: ‘production’, ‘production-living’, and ‘production-living-ecology’. At last,
based on questionnaires and interviews, some new characteristics and problems of agricultural development in coastal developed
region of China have been put forward. Meanwhile, some typical patterns of modern agriculture in Suzhou which adapt to system
evolving are also brought up such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, agricultural science and
technology parks, characteristic and stereoscopic agriculture, tourism and sightseeing agriculture.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40635029, No. 40771014) 相似文献
7.
数字地图制图理论方法与应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
计算机辅助地图制图使地图学产生了深刻的技术革命,数字制图技术使地图从阅读、分析、处理、使用,到表现形式、制作出版等都发生了巨大的变化,全球定位系统、数字摄影测量、遥感技术、地理信息系统的发展,又使数字地图制图面临新的机遇和挑战。本文论述了数字地图制图的理论基础、技术方法与传统地图制图的关系和数字地图制图的应用及发展前景。 相似文献
8.
Vishwambhar Prasad Sati 《山地科学学报》2005,2(4):336-350
Uttaranchal is bestowed with numerous rivers, huge forest resources ranging from tropical to temperate, tourists＇ places, pilgrimages and feasible climatic conditions for growing fruits, vegetables, food grains, livestock rearing, tea garden practices, etc. The economic development, on the other hand, could not take place partly due to lack of modern technology with innovation in agricultural system and also unwillingness of the people towards using it. Furthermore, due to its harsh climatic conditions, rigorous terrain and distinct identity, as a part of Uttar Pradesh state, the development could not take place and today the state is believed to be one of the poorer states. Infrastructurally, this region is lagged behind due to its inaccessibility. The ideal geographical and agrarian conditions might be used evenly for the developmental processes. Ecologically, the whole region is socio-economic activities, fragile. The diverse harsh traditional beliefs and hard working potentials further change the entire scenario of the state. Only the need of the hours is to frame and implementation of the rational policies and planning for sustainable development of the state. What had appeared during the past, pertaining to the economic development, needs radical changes in policies, planning and beliefs. This paper aims to evaluate the present conditions of resources as a form of natural vegetation, agricultural crops, horticultural farming, herbs, tea garden practices, livestock rearing, hydropower projects and economic development of the Uttaranchal Himalaya. 相似文献
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10.
本文探讨了数字农业空间管治信息质量指标。提出数字农业空间管治起源于农业发展中土地结构的更新改造,任何一项农业更新改造规划与实施,都需要对更新项目进行空间准入审批和空间管制决策评价。基于对农业更新改造的评价,建立了空间准入评价与空间管制决策指标体系。通过分析影响数据质量的因素,构建数字农业空间管治质量指标体系。 相似文献
11.
论精准农业建设的地理信息技术关键 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
精准农业是具有超前性的农业高技术,代表了当前国际上农业发展的新趋势,同样也是我国农业发展的重要方向。本文论述了精准农业建设中涉及的地理信息技术关键,包括多维农业信息动态获取、智能化数据分析及农业电子地图快速制作等,这对我国的精准农业建设将有重要的理论意义和实践价值 相似文献
12.
ZHU Jin-hua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2001,11(3):278-282
１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｅｗｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｃａｒｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｅｎｔｅｒｅｄｔｈｅ２１ｓｔｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ′ｓｄｉｇｉｔａｌｐｅｒｉｏｄｆｒｏｍｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒａｓｓｉｓｔｍａｐｐｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅ１９７０ｓｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｍａｐｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｆｒｏｍ２Ｄｍｏｎｏｍｅｄｉｕｍｓｔａｔｉｃｉｎｔｏ３Ｄｍｕｌｔｉｍ… 相似文献
13.
建立中国水资源信息学学科体系的刍议 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
路京选 《地球信息科学学报》2004,6(1):11-13
20世纪90年代初,欧洲出现新兴边缘学科水资源信息学,在短短10余年时间里得以迅速发展。我国近年来的水利信息化进程明显加快,数字水利、数字流域等发展迅速。目前,正在从传统水利向现代水利过渡,以水利信息化带动水利产业化,成为我国今后水利发展的主要方向。本文在介绍这一新兴学科基础上,建议尽快建立我国自己的水资源信息学学科体系,为水利信息化的不断深入以及可持续发展做好理论准备。 相似文献
14.
精准水稻种植信息系统结构、管理与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
精准农业是当今世界农业发展的新潮流 ,中国 2 1世纪农业的发展方向之一。稻谷产量占我国粮食总产量的 4 0 %左右 ,实现精准水稻种植具有重大意义。在上海市农工商现代化农业园区“精准农业试验与示范基地”开展的水稻精准种植试验 ,结果与其他地块相比较 ,化肥使用量减少 1 5 % ,单产提高 8% ,总收益提高 1 8%。精准水稻种植信息系统是实现水稻精准种植的核心 ,目前完成 PRC/ INFO1 .0版本的开发 ,本文介绍了系统的结构、功能和技术特点。 相似文献
15.
ZHANG Hui-min JIANG Hui-ming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(3):281-287
With the rapid development of agricultural informalization in the world, the demand of agricultural information has been a focus in the international agriculture and information fields. Based on the investigation, this paper presented the four characteristics of the demand of agricultural information in China, includingregionality, seasonality, great potential demand and variation in kind and level. The factors infuencing the demand of agricultural information were analyzed by the Optimized Less Square （OLS） method. The result shows that, of all factors influcing agricultural information demand, the most important one is economy, the second is facility of information pass, and knowledge and education of user, credit of agricultural information service system and production situation follow. Taking Jilin Province as an example, this article also elaborated the agricultural information demand status, and deduced the regression model of agricultural information demand and verified it by the survey in rural Jilin. 相似文献
16.
张落成 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1995,(4)
ＴＨＥＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＡＮＤＣＨＡＮＧＥＴＥＮＤＥＮＣＹＯＦＡＧＲＩＣＵＬＴＵＲＡＬＬＡＮＤＵＳＥＩＮＴＨＥＺＨＵＪＩＡＮＧＤＥＬＴＡ－ＡＣＡＳＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＳＨＵＮＤＥＣＩＴＹＺｈａｎｇＬｕｏｃｈｅｎｇ（张落成）（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ... 相似文献
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１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｙｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｕｒｂａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｒｕｒａｌａｒｅａｓｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｓｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅｆｏｒａｓｏｃｉ-ｅｔｙｉｔｉｓａｎａｔｕｒａｌｌｙｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍａｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｒｕｒａｌｏｒａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｔｏａｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｚｅｄｕｒｂａｎｓｏｃｉｅｔｙＧＡＯ１９９１．Ｉｎｂｒｉｅｆｉｔｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓａ… 相似文献
18.
农业决策支持系统的概念设计与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业生产对信息的需求越来越强,对各种信息的采集、分析和处理,是农业生产决策必不可少的环节;根据农业生产系统的自组织特征,日益复杂的农业信息处理需要现代地理信息技术的支持,农业决策支持系统可以作为农业信息化建设的示范性实用技术之一。 相似文献
19.