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1.
研究石漠化峰丛洼地土壤重金属空间分异特征及其影响因素, 对推动区域土壤重金属污染防治、石漠化综合治理具有重要的指导意义和实践价值。以广西平果市典型石漠化峰丛洼地土壤为研究对象, 通过调查采样分析以及综合运用地统计学、地质累积指数、潜在生态危害指数和地理探测器等方法, 分析探讨土壤重金属的空间分异特征及其影响因素。结果表明, 研究区8种重金属元素的空间分布总体呈东北向西南降低的变化格局, 研究区东北部和东南部为重金属高值叠加区的集中分布区, Cr,Cd元素呈现中等的空间相关性, 其他6个重金属元素表现为强空间相关性;研究区受Cd,As,Cr,Cu,Zn等元素不同污染程度的影响, 且以Cd的影响尤为突出, 其地质累积指数和潜在生态危害指数分别高达1.34和107.73;pH、地层、Fe2O3、土地利用、P、CaO、Mn、到断层距离、石漠化程度是影响研究区土壤重金属空间分异的主要因子, 而且不同因子组对土壤重金属空间分异的交互作用以双因子增强型和非线性增强为主。因此认为不同因子对石漠化峰丛洼地土壤不同重金属元素空间分异特征的影响程度存在差异, Cd是石漠化峰丛洼地土壤污染程度和潜在生态危害程度最严重的重金属元素, 地层、Mn、CaO、岩性、到断层距离、P是影响Cd空间分异的关键因子。 相似文献
2.
广西岩溶石漠化的分布及其形成条件 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
广西是我国乃至世界著名的岩溶区,桂林的峰林平原及都安、大化的峰丛洼地都是世界闻名的热带喀斯特典型地貌,其山水风光巍巍壮观,绚丽多姿,可谓世界之最。但与这种独特地质环境相伴的是十分脆弱的生态环境。其中,岩溶石漠化是人们最为关注的问题之一。所谓石漠化,是指碳酸盐岩地区由于自然或人为因素而引起的地表森林植被蜕化,从而导致土壤侵蚀及水土流失并土地荒漠化的现象及其过程。因此,岩溶石漠化是岩溶区生态脆弱性的一个重要标志。一 广西岩溶石漠化分布特征据广西地调院与国土资源部遥感中心的遥感综合调查,广西岩溶石漠化面积达272… 相似文献
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4.
贵州石漠化与生态环境问题的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
贵州石漠化面积达3．48km^2,占全省土地面积的19．8％,干旱缺水造成土地生产率低,经济落后,加之不合理的人类活动又加剧了水土流失和石漠化,形成了恶性循环,使贵州生态环境日益恶化。文章对贵州省喀斯特地区土地石漠化分布特征及其成因进行了探讨和分析,并提出了相应的综合治理对策。 相似文献
5.
<正>石漠化是岩溶地区特有的生态环境问题——在岩溶地区,地表植被一旦破坏,薄薄的表层土壤一遇雨水冲刷,就会随之流失,从而导致岩石逐渐裸露。因治理难度大,石漠化被称为"地球癌症"。石漠化,带来的不仅是自然生态环境的日渐恶化,而且严重影响人类的生存。随着石漠化在全球愈演愈烈,人类可持续发展面临的挑战也更加严峻。 相似文献
6.
刘泽东 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2018,(1)
本文以广西河池地区为研究对象,尝试应用各种遥感研究方法,分析研究岩溶石漠化现状和发展趋势。研究中分别利用1973年MSS数据、1990/1994年TM数据、1999年ETM+数据,通过不同年代数据的对比分析,分别运用NDVI、缨帽变换绿度指数、掩模分区、基于岩溶石漠化植被指数和主成分分析的信息提取方法等四种研究方法,对研究区进行定量测度,以分析其岩溶石漠化现状及发展趋势。通过研究发现,四种研究方法的作用各有特点、各有所长、相辅相成,可根据实际需要选取其中的方法应用到岩溶石漠化的研究和监测中。 相似文献
7.
文章介绍了刁江流域石漠化现状,总结了石漠化的分布特点,指出治理石漠化存在的问题,并结合刁江流域的特点,提出了刁江流域石漠化防治的三大措施,为石漠化防治提供依据. 相似文献
8.
文章以广西黑水河流域为研究单元,对该区石漠化分布现状、成因进行了分析,并按石漠化程度进行了分区。石漠化主要集中在北西和北东部地区,中部及南部地区石漠化程度低且分布较稀少,重度石漠化主要分布在流域中上游,与中度石漠化分布面积相当,轻度石漠化占比较大的面积。在分析石漠化产生的原因基础上,提出了综合治理的一些对策措施。 相似文献
9.
西南喀斯特地区不同石漠化阶段土壤有效磷变异研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了探索西南喀斯特地区土壤有效磷的变异规律,采用野外采样与实验室分析相结合的方法,对贵州省荔波县及普定县不同石漠化阶段典型土壤的有效磷含量进行了研究.结果表明:①非石漠化土壤与轻度石漠化土壤有效磷质量分数呈显著差异,非石漠化的黑色石灰土有效磷质量分数高达9.29×10-6,随着石漠化程度的加深,土壤有效磷含量逐渐减少;②土壤剖面中有效磷质量分数均表现为表土层高于心土层,且随着石漠化的发展,有效磷质量分数在剖面中减少得越慢;③土壤有效磷质量分数随时间有显著变化,有效磷从5月开始积累,7月后出现下降趋势,9月或11月又逐渐升高,到翌年1月达到峰值;④土壤有效磷与有机质和黏粒质量分数均呈极显著线性相关,相关系数分别为0.901 7和-0.777 2.这说明增加有机质的积累可提高土壤有效磷质量分数,对防治石漠化具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
遥感石漠化信息的提取 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
石漠化信息提取是多种信息综合分析、反馈的过程。通过分析当前石漠化分级体系,对比喀斯特地区与石漠化范围、土地利用与石漠化关系,并结合当前石漠化信息提取关键技术研究认为:目前的石漠化分级体系在划分级别、分级指标、分级区域等方面存在巨大差异,将尺度划分引入石漠化等级体系是统一石漠化等级划分差异的有力途径;充分利用基于内容的特征识别算法进行喀斯区的圈定可以有效提高石漠化信息提取精度;利用已有的土地利用矢量数据,通过合理转换进行石漠化信息提取是重要研究思路;传统的建立石漠化解译标志、改进植被指数模型以及建立波谱关系模型等石漠化信息提取方法无法很好融合石漠化综合指征,提出基于遥感的石漠化综合指标度进行石漠化信息的提取方法。 相似文献
11.
The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations. 相似文献
12.
氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康. 相似文献
13.
A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these
trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises.
Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities
of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are
shown to be Cu(S4)
2
3−
and Cu(Sn4S5)3−, Zn(HS)
2
0
and ZnHS
2
−
, Cd(HS)
2
0
and Ni(HS)
2
0
, respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2+ and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in
the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S−O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S−O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace
metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation.
Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(1)
Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions. 相似文献
15.
16.
孙建中 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(Z2)
这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。 相似文献
17.
Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs 相似文献
18.
Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature.
During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was
required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs
were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could
for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from
30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population.
However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature
crabs (over 50%) from November to May. 相似文献
19.
A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s 相似文献
20.
Plate subduction is the largest natural factory that processes elements, which controls recycling and mineralization of a variety of elements. There are three major ore deposit belts in the world: the circumPaci?c, the central Asian, and the Tethys belts. All the three belts are closely associated with plate subductions, the mechanism remains obscure. We approached this problem from systematic studies on the behaviours of elements during geologic processes. This contribution summaries the recent progress of our research group. Our results suggest that porphyry Cu deposits form through partial melting of subducted young oceanic crust under oxygen fugacities higher than ? FMQ ～+1.5, which is promoted after the elevation of atmospheric oxygen at ca. 550 Ma. Tin deposits are associated with reducing magmatic rocks formed as a consequence of slab rollback. The Neo-Tethys tectonic regime hosts more than 60% of the world's total Sn reserves. This is due to the reducing environment formed during the subduction of organic rich sediments. For the same reason, porphyry Cu deposits formed in the late stages during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Tungsten deposits are also controlled by slab rollback, but is not so sensitive to oxygen fugacity. Subduction related W/Sn deposits are mostly accompanied by abundant accessory ?uorites due to the breakdown of phengite and apatite. Decomposition of phengite is also signi?cant for hard rock lithium deposits, whereas orogenic belt resulted from plate subduction promote the formation of Li brine deposits. Cretaceous red bed basins near the Nanling region are favorable for Li brines. Both Mo and Re are enriched in the oxidationreduction cycle during surface processes, and may get further enriched once Mo-, Re-enriched sediments are subducted and involved in magmatism. During plate subduction, Mo and Re fractionate from each other. Molybdenum is mainly hosted in porphyry Mo deposits and to a less extent, porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas Re is predominantly hosted in porphyry Cu-Mo deposits and sedimentary sul?de deposits. 相似文献