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沉积盆地动力学与盆地成藏(矿)系统 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
刘池洋 《地球科学与环境学报》2008,30(1):1-23
以沉积盆地动力学与盆地成藏(矿)系统为主线,梳理和归纳了笔者在此方面理论研究的部分认识和观点.在地球科学研究和应用的3大领域(科学研究、物质需求、生存环境)中,沉积盆地均处于极为重要的地位.其中展布面积大、发育时间长的大中型盆地(如含油气盆地)意义更为重要.沉积盆地是地史上地壳或岩石圈较长时间相对沉降、沉积物在其中不断充填过程中的一种负向地壳构造.将沉积盆地动力学定义为:直接控制和明显影响盆地沉降和沉积充填的地球内、外动力地质作用有机耦合的统一动力学系统和演化过程;属地球动力学大系统的重要组成部分.根据盆地沉降动力的不同,将盆地成因划分为热力、应力、重力和复合成因4种类型.从厘定和揭示盆地沉降、沉积和堆积中心的分布位置、演变规律及其相互关系入手,剔去非沉降作用产生的沉积效应,有可能揭示沉降作用特征和其与沉积、堆积中心的时空演变关联及原因.活动性强、深部作用活跃、后期改造强烈是中国沉积盆地的重要特点,这由中国大陆的特性所决定.根据后期改造的主要地质作用及改造形式的不同,将改造盆地划分为8种类型.剔去后期改造的影响,系统恢复原始盆地面貌,为深刻认识和揭示盆地演化改造过程和油气成藏、定位及分布的重要基础.根据改造盆地的地质实际和笔者的研究实践,探讨和提出了改造盆地研究和油气评价的思路及程式;从绝对时间和相对时限两方面,具体厘定了中国盆地油气晚期超晚期成藏定位的时限.探讨了深部作用对油气富集的影响、油气逸散及其地质效应等问题.含油气盆地动力学研究系统可划分为成盆、成藏和评价3大次系统.在盆地演化和改造过程中,各次系统及子系统之间联系密切、相互作用.倡导沉积盆地研究遵循"整体、动态、综合"的总则.世界已探明的砂岩型铀矿床逾82%与已生产的油气田或煤田同盆共存.这4种主要能源矿产同盆共存富集存在普遍,但其富集成矿区分布却有明显的分区性,其中尤以中东亚地区典型.在中东亚能源矿产成矿域诸盆地中,多种能源矿产赋存和分布的特点为:空间分布复杂有序、各含(储)矿层位及地区联系密切、成藏(矿)定位时期相同或相近、赋存环境和成藏(矿)作用有机相关;铀成矿过程和主成矿期与区域动力学环境演变有明显地响应关系,并与所在盆地油气的成藏定位时期基本一致;表明其间有着密切的内在联系和统一的地球动力学背景.沉积盆地集多种有机和无机、金属与非金属矿产以及水资源等共存于一盆,是诸多沉积矿产同盆成生、赋存的基本单元和成藏(矿)的巨型复杂系统,称之为沉积盆地成藏(矿)系统.该系统中各种沉积矿产的成藏(矿)不是孤立存在和单独出现;其形成和分布有机关联、相互作用、彼此影响,内在联系形式多样;有其自身的成矿特点和成藏(矿)环境,应将其作为一种独立的成矿系统与其他成矿系统相并列和区别.本文讨论了小型含油气盆地的类型和其油气赋存条件、成熟盆地再研究的必要性和指导思想,适于中国西部大陆动力学研究的(稳定陆)块、盆(地)、带(各类构造活动带)系统动力学等.地球和盆地均属非常复杂的巨系统,运用整体和系统的学术思想,研究地学等复杂性科学是一个有效途径.在复杂系统研究中,各子系统的相互作用最为重要,同时要重视研究思想和方法论的嬗变,揭示研究对象的个性特征. 相似文献
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The Tamtsag Basin is located in the extreme eastern portion of the Mongolia. The Basin and its counterpart in China (the Hailar Basin) are united a whole basin on the structural setting. In recent years, the Tamtsag Basin attracts more and more attention with the important exploration discovered in the 19th block by SOCO and in Hailar Basin of China. This paper discusses the exploration potential of Tamtsag Basin from the viewpoint of petroleum geology. 相似文献
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Petroleum exploration potential of Tamtsag Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SUNGuo-qing GUOQing-xia ZHANGYa-jin ZHAOHong-wen 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(1):36-45
The Tamtsag Basin is located in the extreme eastern portion of the Mongolia. The Basin and its counterpart in China (the Hailar Basin) are united a whole basin on the structural setting. In recent years,the Tamtsag Basin attracts more and more attention with the important exploration discovered in the 19^th block by SOCO and in Hailar Basin of China. This paper discusses the exploration potential of Tamtsag Basin from the viewpoint of petroleum geology. 相似文献
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蒙阴盆地是在库拉板块向亚洲大陆下俯冲，中国东部隆升伸展板块裂解阶段发育起来的。在中生代，盆地的成生演化经历了侏罗纪拗陷盆地发育阶段和早白垩世拗陷—裂陷阶段。在相应沉积演化过程中，形成侏罗纪湖相红色碎屑岩建造，早白垩世早期滨浅湖—半深湖相灰绿色细粒陆屑岩沉积，早白垩世中期河湖相凝灰质复陆屑岩类夹火山碎屑岩类沉积，早白垩世晚期中基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩组合。沉积中心在侏罗纪和早白墨世早期皆偏于西北部，此后，向东南部迁移。晚白垩世，盆地处于风化剥蚀阶段。古近纪，受新生太平洋板块向亚洲大陆下俯冲影响，盆地又处于拗陷—裂陷阶段，相应形成山间河湖相—山麓堆积相类磨拉石建造。古近纪末期，该盆地整体隆起处于长期风化剥蚀状态。 相似文献
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The basin filling geometric pattern of volcanic eruptive rocks depends on both of the eruptive locations in a basin and structural styles of fault terraces. It is divided into three types by eruptive locations and occurrences of eruptive rocks, including the pattern of eruption along fault and occurrence (PEAFO), the pattern of eruption on footwall of a fault and occurrence (PEOFO) and the pattern of eruption on hangingwall of fault and occurrence (PEOHO) in Xujiaweizi fault depression of Songliao basin, Northeast of China. Those basin filling patterns of volcanic eruptive rocks are of specific geometric characteristics controlling or affecting sedimentation, geometry of sedimentary body and sequence architecture during a sequence evolution. The study shows that the volcanic rocks developed at different stages of lowstand, transgressive and highstand can give different controls or affects on the sequence architecture. 相似文献
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结合盆缘露头、盆地基底钻井及重磁震资料,综合研究莺歌海盆地前新生代基底特征。基于盆地西北缘Song Da带18个剖面点地层序列、166件岩石样品密度和2800套磁化率测量结果,建立密度--磁化率交汇图版,约束盆内地震剖面和重磁异常解释,通过海陆结合的方法填制出盆地基底地质图。其前新生界由前震旦系、寒武系-上三叠统下部、上三叠统上部-白垩系三个构造层构成,它们沿红河断裂呈北西向分布,中间老,为前震旦纪中-高级变质岩;两侧新,向西为中生代沉积岩,向东为古生代浅变质岩、灰岩。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6期湖盆中部砂体发育特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6期湖盆中部地区物源分析、沉积相特征等研究,分析了厚层砂体的形成机理和砂体类型.认为长6期物源主要来自东北、西南方向,发育三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝、远端砂坝和浊流等砂体类型,湖盆演化从鼎盛转向萎缩的长6早期厚层砂体比较发育.白豹、合水地区砂层厚度大,储层条件良好,是石油勘探的有利地区. 相似文献
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房县盆地整体地形南陡北缓,古近系广泛发育,前第四纪地层向南倾斜。其南部边界的青峰断裂带在古近纪正断作用明显,北东向白鹤断裂的正断和北西向安康-房县断裂的左旋控制青峰断裂的范围和盆地的东西边界。房县盆地是典型的半地堑断陷盆地,经历了拉张-挤压-差异升降的过程,现今仍发育温泉群,时有中等地震发生。 相似文献
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利用渭河盆地眉县至扶风段地震测线的连续地震背景噪声数据,基于噪声水平和垂直向谱比（HVSR）法,得到各台站HVSR曲线;再通过频率与深度的转换关系,获得测线下方近地表第四系沉积层结构埋深。结果显示,盆地第四系沉积层厚度呈U型分布,由盆地两侧向中间腹部逐渐变厚,两侧厚度为100~400 m,中部厚度为400~600 m;沉积层深度剖面在距测线起点25 km和33 km处明显表现出沉积界面间断跳跃特征,该变化与岐山-马召断裂和扶风-乾县断裂在空间位置上有较好的一致性。 相似文献
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对银川盆地的主要断裂及构造演化、GPS速度场、现代地震活动及其震源深度剖面等进行研究。结果表明，银川盆地受到太平洋板块北西向俯冲和青藏高原北东向挤压作用影响，并处于剪切拉分断陷环境；GPS速度场显示，盆地内断裂南段比北段速率大，2009~2015年的水平拉张变形和剪切变形与1999~2007年相比有所减小，而速率值相对增加；现今地震资料及震源深度剖面显示，地震主要分布在断裂附近，并且地震的震源深度受断裂控制，说明断裂对地震有很好的控制作用；盆地内GPS平行速率和小震活动与断裂活动性具有较好的相关性，GPS平行速率大，小震活动密集，断裂的活动性强。 相似文献
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通过天然气中He同位素组成来研究天然气的成气机制。用VG-5400静态真空质谱计测定了采自塔里木盆地古生代和中生代地层中天然气的He同位素,其He/4He=2.58×10-8～8.33×10-8,R/Ra=0.019～0.059Ra,平3均值为0.031Ra,而我国东部几个主要含油气盆地天然气的R/Ra平均比值则变化于1.21～2.30Ra。He同位素组成对比研究表明,东部含油气盆地成烃作用是在幔源热流驱动下热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的,而塔里木盆地成烃热源则主要是盆地地热增温热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的。 相似文献
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In south of the Songliao Basin and adjacent area of NE China, there are several high conductive layers in crust and upper mantle. Those layers are interpreted as detachment and rheology, which represent some features of lithosphere, asthenosphere and Moho, and related to the crust-mantle structure of the continent in the study area. The differences of the crust-mantle structures in different places in the study area reflect the differences in the movement and evolution of asthenosphere, lithosphere and crust. The differences can be summarized as follows. (1) Along the south profile of MT, the buried depth of the surface of Moho is 31 ～34 km beneath the Liaohe Basin and 35～37 km beneath the west Liaoning area. Along the north profile of MT, the buried depth of Moho is 32～33 km beneath Changtu area and 36～37 km beneath Kailu area in southern Songliao Basin. The buried depth beneath the central of the Songliao Basin is 29 km.(2) The difference of thickness of lithosphere exists in the south area and the north area of Chifeng-Kaiyuan fault. The thickness of lithosphere is about 65～120 km in the south of the fault, thickening from east to west. The top surface of asthenosphere is highly uplifted in the Liaohe Basin and the highest point is about 65 km in buried depth. The thickness of lithosphere in the north of the fault is about 60～65 km, thinner about 25 km than that in the south of the fault (West Liaoning). Deep processes such as upwelling of mantle thermal flow, extension of lithosphere, underplating, and thinning and subsidence of crust, evidenced from the crust-mantle structures were the direct forces of the basin formation in the study area during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地高自然伽马异常特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了加深对盆地深部和浅部高自然伽马异常特征综合分析研究,揭示高自然伽马异常地质成因,从而促进盆地多种能源矿产协同开发研究,针对收集大量的地球物理测井资料、地质资料及其他相关成果,绘制并分析了相关成果图。研究中遵循从单孔测井曲线特征分析到典型剖面研究,并按层对高自然伽马的平面分布特征进行分析研究。化验测试结果和自然伽马能谱测井成果研究表明,在本区,自然伽马异常增大主要是由于铀的活化和聚集,导致铀元素增加而引起。相关研究表明,盆地深部和浅部的铀异常具有一定的关系,盆地历经的沉积环境变迁是铀元素富集的主导因素。 相似文献
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The petrophysical parameters are bad in most igneous reservoirs of Songliao Basin because of the very low porosity and permeability. The evaluation of igneous reservoirs has not been fully studied so far. The current technique of formation evaluation and interpretation used in sedimentary formations face a series of problems and difficulties. In this study, The PCA was used to identify lithology, a multi-mineral model "QAPM" was proposed. "Surface effect" must be considered when evaluating saturation. A software "SIMPLE" was developed and was used to deal with the logging data in over 70 wells with good results were achieved. 相似文献
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Log evaluation of fractured igneous reservoirs in Songliao Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Baozhi PAN Lihua ZHANG Ying ZHANG Chen HUANG 《东北亚地学研究》2007,10(1):65-68
The petrophysical parameters are bad in most igneous reservoirs of Songliao Basin because of the very low porosity and permeability. The evaluation of igneous reservoirs has not been fully studied so far. The current technique of formation evaluation and interpretation used in sedimentary formations face a series of prob- lems and difficulties. In this study, The PCA was used to identify lithology, a multi-mineral model “QAPM” was proposed. “Surface effect” must be considered when evaluating saturation. A software “SIMPLE” was developed and was used to deal with the logging data in over 70 wells with good results were achieved. 相似文献
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海拉尔盆地作为大庆油田外围最有潜力的油气盆地之一,其古地温梯度以及古地温与油气的关系尚未进行系统研究。
根据磷灰石裂变径迹法求取的古地温梯度为3.44~4.20℃/hm。其中乌尔逊凹陷古地温梯度与现今地温梯度接近,贝尔凹陷和
呼和湖凹陷恢复的古地温梯度值高于现今地温梯度值。热史模拟表明海拉尔盆地最高古地温是在伊敏组沉积晚期90Ma达到。
一类凹陷如乌尔逊凹陷属于持续埋藏型凹陷,中生代以来是一升温过程,在凹陷的中心部位现今地温是地层经历的最高地温,烃
源岩热演化程度受现今地温场控制,现今持续生烃。另一类凹陷如贝尔凹陷和呼和湖凹陷,属于抬升剥蚀型凹陷,伊敏组沉积之
后是一个降温过程,现今地温小于古地温,烃源岩热演化程度受古地温场控制。古地温演化史结合伊利石测年结果表明,伊敏组
沉积晚期是海拉尔盆地一次非常重要的油气成藏期;古近纪以来为第二次成藏阶段,主要为早期形成油气藏的重新调整和二次生
成的油气继续注入成藏。 相似文献
根据磷灰石裂变径迹法求取的古地温梯度为3.44~4.20℃/hm。其中乌尔逊凹陷古地温梯度与现今地温梯度接近,贝尔凹陷和
呼和湖凹陷恢复的古地温梯度值高于现今地温梯度值。热史模拟表明海拉尔盆地最高古地温是在伊敏组沉积晚期90Ma达到。
一类凹陷如乌尔逊凹陷属于持续埋藏型凹陷,中生代以来是一升温过程,在凹陷的中心部位现今地温是地层经历的最高地温,烃
源岩热演化程度受现今地温场控制,现今持续生烃。另一类凹陷如贝尔凹陷和呼和湖凹陷,属于抬升剥蚀型凹陷,伊敏组沉积之
后是一个降温过程,现今地温小于古地温,烃源岩热演化程度受古地温场控制。古地温演化史结合伊利石测年结果表明,伊敏组
沉积晚期是海拉尔盆地一次非常重要的油气成藏期;古近纪以来为第二次成藏阶段,主要为早期形成油气藏的重新调整和二次生
成的油气继续注入成藏。 相似文献
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Yu Shengsong 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1986,4(4):383-403
There are 37 lakes in the Qaidam Basin: 1 freshwater lake, 6 brackish-water lakes, 2 saline-water lakes and 28 salt lakes.
The pH value of salt lake brines is 7.014 on the average, and the average total mineralization is 340.75 g/1. Their water
bodies belong mainly to the five-component equilibrium system,: Na, K, Mg//SO4, Cl-H2O, which can be further grouped into sodium-magnesium sulfate subtype, magnesium sulfate subtype, chloride transition subtype
and chloride type water by their hydrochemical property. The salt lake brines of the first salt forming epoch (N2−Q3) were of the sulfate type. In the second salt forming epoch (Q3−Q4), some of them were of the chloride type.
The pH value of brines decreases with the increase of total mineralization. The pH value is lower when the total mineralization
is from 50–310 g/l and higher when the total mineralization is from 310–355 g/l, however, when the total mineralization is
higher than 355 g/l, the pH value decreases slowly again.
The total mineralization of the chloride type and the chloride transition subtype brine is higher than the sulfate type, being
310–530 g/l, 310–470 g/l, and less than 355 g/l in that order.
Of the 40 chemical compositions in the saline lake brines in Qaidam Basin, potassium is mainly concentrated in the chloride
type and chloride transition subtype brine, boron and lithium mainly in the sulfate type. Evaporation experiments show that
boron and lithium are accumulated in concentrated brine until crystallization of bischofite takes place. Potassium is also
accumulated in concentrated brine during the salt forming stage, but its concentration decreases with the increase of total
mineralization during the potassium forming stage.
This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. et Limn. Sinica;15 (4):341–359, 1984. 相似文献