共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 126 毫秒
1.
实践表明,在农用地整理施工过程中,采取的施工放样、表土剥离、挖方填平、土地翻耕、机械碾压等措施均有可能对土层厚度、土壤的质地、pH值、容重、有机质、氮、磷、钾等造成影响。若能严格按照土地整理规程和规划设计施工,整理后土壤质量会有所提高,但是在实际的土地整理中,往往因为缺少群众监督、资金有限等种种原因使表层土壤的肥力降低、土壤容重增加,孔隙度较低,使得土壤微生物活性降低,从而造成土地整理后土壤质量得不到提高,甚至有所下降,使土地整理达不到预期的效果。 相似文献
2.
大柳塔采煤塌陷区土壤含水量的空间变异特征分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过研究采煤塌陷区土壤水空间分布及动态变化特征,查明了采煤塌陷对土壤含水量的影响,这对矿区生态环境保护、塌陷区土地复垦等具有重要指导意义。以大柳塔双沟采煤塌陷区为试验区,利用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了采煤塌陷条件下的包气带土壤水空间变异特征。研究结果表明:由于采煤塌陷造成塌陷区土壤层位在垂向上倒置、重组,引起土壤粒度、容重、孔隙度等土壤物理特性的改变,使塌陷区土壤含水量比非塌陷区显著降低,在不同深度层（0~60 cm）分别减少14.2%~21.9%;在垂向分布上塌陷区土壤水分也表现出较强的变异性,其离散系数在不同深度（0~60 cm）与非塌陷区的差值在19.2%~50%之间。根据试验区0 cm、20 cm、40 cm、60 cm四个层面土壤含水量的Kriging插值等值线图显示,土壤含水量低值区均位于塌陷区内的塌陷坑部位,证明地表的地裂缝、塌陷坑、塌陷洞等塌陷形态对土壤持水能力的影响颇为显著。采煤塌陷区土壤含水量降低、空间变异性增强直接导致了地表植被生存环境的恶化,地表景观被严重破坏。 相似文献
3.
《东北石油大学学报》2017,(4)
以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段长7油层组陆相页岩为对象,基于X线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、等温吸附、物性测试及岩石热解等实验,研究陆相页岩孔隙演化特征。结果表明:研究区页岩孔隙直径和黏土矿物演化程度呈正相关关系,演化程度越高,黏土矿物平均孔径越大;随着矿物演化程度的增加,蒙脱石逐渐向伊利石转化,转化过程中,蒙脱石层间水分子的逐渐排出引起页岩储层孔隙度增加,且在层间形成微孔隙和微裂隙;伊/蒙混层从无序状态变为有序状态,大量脱出层间水,而层间水变为自由水进入页岩固有的孔隙空间,并在地层压实作用下使页岩孔隙体积增大。页岩有机质生烃对孔隙有保护作用,成岩后期压实作用使页岩孔隙减小,但随着地层温度和压力达到页岩生油窗,有机质生烃作用生成的部分油气进入之前的孔隙,增加孔隙内部压力,减缓压实作用下孔隙体积的降低。 相似文献
4.
近30年来中国陆地蒸散量和土壤水分变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对NOAH陆面模式模拟的近30年中国陆地蒸散量和土壤含水量,按照6大片区和5种生态系统类型进行了统计分析。讨论全国以及各大区不同生态系统类型蒸散和土壤含水量的变化,研究不同类型蒸散和土壤含水量的关系。中国陆地蒸散量总体呈增加的趋势,年内蒸散量最大的月份是7月,年末和年初蒸散量较小。而我国中南、西南、华东、东北和西北蒸散量变化趋势和全国的总趋势一致,呈增加的趋势。华北地区蒸散量近30年来总体趋势是下降的,华北蒸散量最大的年份是上世纪90年代。在所有生态系统类型中,林地蒸散最大的有东北、华东、西南和中南4区;而华北和西北草地在各类型中蒸散量所占比例最高。6大片区对比,林地蒸散水量最大的地区是西南和中南,最小的西北;草地蒸散水量最大的地区是西南,最小的是东北区;农田蒸散水量最高的是华东,最低的是西北;荒漠蒸散量最大的片区是西北;湿地蒸散最大的是东北。80年代以来,全国土壤含水量总体呈下降的趋势。从各片区的情况看,仅西北地区稍有增加,其余5区土壤含水量皆是下降的。植被覆盖度和土壤水分是影响蒸散量最重要的因子,在植被覆盖较差时,土壤水分和蒸散量相关性较好。 相似文献
5.
研究网箱养殖1、2、3龄唇鱼骨的生长性能,并结合唇鱼骨生长数据,应用Logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy生长模型拟合其生长曲线。结果表明:1、2、3龄唇鱼骨的特定生长率随年龄的增长而逐渐下降,1龄鱼特定生长率最高,为4.56%/d,其次为2龄鱼,为2.05%/d,3龄鱼最低,为0.93%/d;随年龄的增长,唇鱼骨的肥满度也逐渐增加,1、2和3龄鱼肥满度依次为0.015、0.016、0.018 g/cm3;1和2龄鱼饵料系数相近,分别为1.44和1.31,均低于3龄鱼饵料系数1.88;不同月龄唇鱼骨的体质量和体长均随月龄的增加而呈指数函数增长。3种生长方程拟合结果表明,von Bertalanffy生长模型的拟合度最高,可较好表达网箱养殖唇鱼骨的生长过程及变化规律。 相似文献
6.
复杂的孔隙结构导致粒度不同的砂岩的储集空间和渗流能力具有明显区别。选取石臼坨凸起陡坡带东三段不同粒级的砂岩样品进行铸体薄片图像扫描、高压压汞、核磁共振、微米 ＣＴ测试，在分析不同实验的结果基础上实现对粒度差异较大的陡坡带扇三角洲砂岩微观孔喉结构空间展布的精细刻画和定量表征，并分析造成不同粒级砂岩孔隙结构差异的主控因素。结 果 表明:细砂岩原生孔隙数量多但其孔径相对较小，碳酸盐胶结喉道导致部分原生孔隙呈现无效孔状态。中砂岩孔隙分布最均匀，高孔隙度和高开放孔比率是其渗流能力最高的重要因素。含砾粗砂岩孔隙大小分布很不均匀，孔 径 分 布 较 广，总体呈现孔隙数目多、与喉道连通的有效孔隙数少的特点。粉砂岩和粒度较细的细砂岩粒间孔隙体积降低主要是由于胶结作用，随 粒 度 增 大，压 实导致原始孔隙度减小率逐渐增加，中粗砂岩压实减孔率接近８０％。溶蚀粒间孔和溶蚀颗粒孔的含量随粒度增大而增加，渗流能力最好的中粗砂岩颗粒溶蚀和胶结物溶蚀增孔率最高。 相似文献
7.
L波段对不同盐类土壤的微波介电特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤盐碱化是世界面临的一大难题。微波遥感探测土壤具有优势,L波段对土壤含水量和含盐量较为敏感。为了分析不同盐类对土壤介电特性的影响,本文利用L波段(1.43 GHz)微波谐振腔测量了我国盐碱土中普遍存在的3种盐类(NaCl,Na2SO4,NaHCO3)土壤样品的介电常数,研究了土壤介电常数与含水量、含盐量和盐种类的关系。得出结论:实部主要由土壤的含水量决定,含盐量对实部的影响无明显规律;虚部值随含水量和含盐量的增加而增大;3种盐类土壤介电常数虚部随含盐量变化呈现不同的递增趋势,在含盐浓度一定的条件下,虚部值是ε″ NaCI>ε″ NaHCO3>ε″ Na2SO4;在某一含盐量点3种盐类土壤虚部随含水量变化的斜率不同,以此能将3种盐类区分。该研究为建立含不同盐类土壤介电常数模型和微波遥感监测土壤盐碱化提供了实验的依据。 相似文献
8.
通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、X衍射、高压压汞和流体包裹体等多种测试分析,系统研究了鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油区东南部铁边城区块延长组长8油层组致密砂岩储层的岩石物性、成岩作用和致密化过程及其与油气充注成藏的时序关系。结果表明,研究区长8储层岩石类型以细粒岩屑长石砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟度低,储集性能较差,平均孔隙度为7.34%、平均渗透率为0.11×10-3 μm2,属于较为典型的(特)低孔-超低渗致密储层,成岩作用类型以压实、胶结和溶蚀作用为主,成岩演化阶段主体已进入中成岩A期;储层成岩-致密化过程先后经历了早成岩A-B期压实+胶结减孔、中成岩A1期溶蚀增孔+胶结减孔、中成岩A2期胶结减孔3个主要阶段。早白垩世末(100 Ma)最大埋深之前的压实和胶结作用是储层致密化的根本原因,造成孔隙度分别降低了21.14%和14.0%,溶蚀增加的孔隙度仅为1.76%;早白垩世中期2个主要幕次(123 Ma和105 Ma)的大规模烃类充注-成藏事件开始发生时,储层孔隙度已在晚期胶结作用影响下降至7.82%,成为典型的(特)低孔-超低渗致密砂岩储层,因而具有“先致密、后成藏”的特征。 相似文献
9.
10.
为进一步探讨松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿的成岩环境、铀沉淀机制及成矿机理,通过钻井岩心观察,岩石薄片,含铀砂岩碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素分析,对研究区砂岩岩石类型、碳酸盐胶结物类型、成岩阶段以及碳、氧同位素特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:含铀砂岩岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,碳酸盐胶结物可分为3个期次,以第一和第二期次为主,胶结物包括方解石、铁方解石,见极少量含铁白云石。δ13CPDB值为-22.45‰~-13.65‰,平均值为-18.33‰,δ18OPDB值为-17.56‰~-9.46‰,平均值为-13.52‰,揭示有一定有机质参与;古盐度Z值介于75.98~90.97之间,为淡水沉积;古温度介于67.31~94.92℃之间,结合以上岩石特征、胶结物类型及成岩作用判定成岩环境处于早成岩—中成岩阶段A期。综合分析认为:早成岩阶段砂岩的压实、胶结作用使含铀砂岩孔隙度减小,抑制含氧富铀流体运移;随着成岩作用进行,埋藏深度增加,有机质成熟度升高发生热脱羧基作用,与压实作用产生的吸附水形成酸性溶液对长石、碳酸盐胶结物等进行溶蚀形成次生孔隙,增大砂岩孔隙度,促进含氧富铀流体下渗运移,下伏油气由断裂向上逸散,为地层提供还原剂,使铀在四方台组底部大规模沉淀和富集。 相似文献
11.
Effects of Urbanization,Soil Property and Vegetation Configuration on Soil Infiltration of Urban Forest in Changchun,Northeast China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Peijiang Wang Haifeng Zheng Zhibin Ren Dan Zhang Chang Zhai Zhixia Mao Ze Tang Xingyuan He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(3):482-494
Urban forest soil infiltration, affected by various factors, is closely related with surface runoff. This paper studied the effect of urban forest types, vegetation configuration and soil properties on soil infiltration. In our study, 191 typical plots were sampled in Changchun City, China to investigate the soil infiltration characteristics of urban forest and its influencing factors. Our results showed that the steady infiltration rates of urban forest soil were highly variable. High variations in the final infiltration rates were observed for different vegetation patterns and compaction degrees. Trees with shrubs and grasses had the highest infiltration rate and trees with bare land had the lowest infiltration rate. In addition, our results showed that the soil infiltration rate decreased with an increase in the bulk density and with a reduction in the soil organic matter content and non-capillary porosity. The soil infiltration rate also had significantly positive relationships with the total porosity and saturated soil water content. Urban soil compaction contributed to low soil infiltration rates. To increase the infiltration rate and water storage volume of urban forest soil, proper techniques to minimize and mitigate soil compaction should be used. These findings can provide useful information for urban planners about how to maximize the water volume of urban forest soil and decrease urban instantaneous flooding. 相似文献
12.
YUAN Zhao-hua LU Xian-guo ZHOU Jia 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(2):133-140
1INTRODUCTION Albic soil is one of the main soils with low yield in the Sanjiang Plain, with an area of 200×103ha, accounting for 19% of the total area, among which 88.4×103ha is farmland, being 25.4% of the total area of farmland in this region. The albic soil occupies 44% of total area of farmland in the state-owned farms of Heilongjiang Province.Therearetworeasonsforthe lowyield ofalbic soil. Firstly, the upper layer of the soil is thin, only 10- 20cm for low yield field and 20- 25c… 相似文献
13.
以日东高速济宁西连接线K11段强夯为例,对强夯前后的河堤地基进行了对比勘察研究。结果表明,强夯后,地基土的密实度,重度及干重度增加,孔隙比、粘聚力、内磨擦角、压缩模量明显比强夯前减小,同一深度土层标贯击数有所增加,土的锥尖阻力和侧摩阻力也有不同程度的提高,对比不同深度孔隙比变化的幅度和强夯前后锥尖阻力和侧摩阻力变化曲线,得出了强夯的有效加固深度。 相似文献
14.
Yangbing Xie Tuoyu Wu Jin Sun Hanyu Zhang Jiliang Wang Jinwei Gao Chuanxu Chen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(1):25-34
Overpressure in deepwater basins not only causes serious soft sediment deformation, but also significantly affects the safety of drilling operations. Therefore, prediction of overpressure in sediments has become an important task in deepwater oil exploration and development. In this study, we analyze the drilling data from ODP Leg 184 Sites 1144, 1146, and 1148, and IODP Leg 349 Sites U1431, U1432, U1433, and U1435 to study the sediment compaction and controls in the northern South China Sea. Sedimentation rate, sediment content, distribution area, and buried depth are the factors that influence sediment compaction in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea. Among these factors, the sediment content is the most important. The fitted normal compacted coefficients and mudline porosity for an interval of 50 m shows disciplinary variation versus depth. The pore pressure predicted from different fitted results shows varying overpressure situations. The normal compaction trend from Site 1144 reflects the porosity variation trend in stable deposition basins in the northern South China Sea. The predicted pore pressure shows overpressure at Site 1144, which is attributed to compaction disequilibrium. Nevertheless, the mixed lithology column may influence the predicted over-pressure at Site 1148, which is responsible for the confusing result. Above all, we find that sediment compaction should serve as a proxy for pore pressure in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea. 相似文献
15.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(10):2577-2590
Based on the principle of saturated infiltration and the Green-Ampt model, an unsaturated infiltration model for a soil slope surface was established for either constant moisture content, or depth-varying moisture content and the slope. Infiltration parameters in the partially saturated slope were revealed under sustained rainfall. Through analysis of the variation of initial moisture content in the slope, the ponding time, infiltration depth, and infiltration rate were deduced for an unsaturated soil slope subject to rainfall infiltration. There is no ponded water on the surface of the slope under sustained low-intensity rainfall. The results show that the infiltration parameters of an unsaturated slope are influenced by the initial moisture content and the wetting front saturation, the soil cohesion and rainfall intensity under sustained rainfall. More short-term slope failures can occur with the decrease of cohesion of the soil of the slope. The ponding time and infiltration depth differ considering constant or different initial moisture content respectively in the soil slope. Then, best-fit curves of the infiltration rate, ponding time, and infiltration depth to the wetting front saturation were obtained with constant or different initial moisture contents. And the slope failure time is roughly uniform when subject to a rainfall intensity I5 mm/h. 相似文献
16.
In order to understand the diagenesis and its influence on Porosity and Permeability of sandstones from Yingcheng Formation in Jinshan field,aPPlying thin sections,casting and scanning electron microsc... 相似文献
17.
西南喀斯特地区不同石漠化阶段土壤物理参数的变异研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探索中国西南喀斯特地区石漠化过程中土壤物理性质的变异规律,采用野外采样与实验室分析相结合的方法,对贵州省荔波县及普定县不同石漠化阶段典型土壤的物理参数进行了研究。结果表明:土壤有机质质量分数随石漠化程度的加深逐渐减小;非石漠化土壤重度仅为6.15 N/m3,随着石漠化的发展,土壤重度逐渐增大,总孔隙度随之减小;石漠化的发展导致土壤黏粒含量升高;土壤水稳性团聚体质量分数及微团聚体的结构系数均随石漠化程度加深而减小;土壤有机质质量分数与重度、砂粒含量、大于5 mm团聚体含量及结构系数的相关系数分别为-0.921 2、0.827 7、0.907 2、0.899 3,均达到极显著水平。通过封山育林等措施增加喀斯特地区有机质积累可改善土壤物理性质,对防治石漠化具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
Yong-sheng Yang Li Zhang Hong-qin Li Hui-dan He Ya-xi Wei Jin Luo Guang-ru Zhang Yu-ru Huang Ying-nian Li Hua-kun Zhou 《山地科学学报》2018,15(5):1006-1019
Elevation is one of key factors to affect changes in the environment, particularly changes in conditions of light, water and heat. Studying the soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient is important for understanding the responses of alpine plants andtheir growing environment to climate change. In this study, we studied plant coverage, plant height, species richness, soil water-holding capacity, soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(N) on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains at elevations from2124 to 3665 m. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) With the increase of elevation, plant coverage and species richness first increased and then decreased, with the maximum values being at 3177 m.Plant height was significantly and negatively correlated with elevation(r=–0.97, P0.01), and the ratio of decrease with elevation was 0.82 cm·100 m-1.(2) Both soil water-holding capacity and soil porosity increased on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains with the increase of elevation. The soil saturated water content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized with a further increase of elevation, and the average ratio of increase was2.44 mm·100 m-1. With the increase of elevation, the average bulk density at the 0-40 cm depth first decreased and then stabilized at 0.89 g/cm3.(3) With the increase of elevation, the average SOC content at the 0-40 cm depths first increased and then decreased,and the average total N content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized. The correlation between average SOC content and average total N content reached significant level. According to the results of this study, the distribution of plants showed a mono-peak curve with increasing elevation on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains. The limiting factor for plant growth at the high elevation areas was not soil physicochemical properties, and therefore,global warming will likely facilitate the development of plant at high elevation areas in the Qilian Mountains. 相似文献
19.
《世界地质(英文版)》2008,11(4)
Pore water pressure has an important influence on mechanical properties of soil. The authors studied the characteristics of pore water pressure dissipating of mucky soil under consolidated-drained condition by using refitted triaxial instrument and analyzed the variation of pore pressure coefficient with consolidation pressure. The results show that the dissipating of pore water pressure behaves in different ways depends on different styles of loading. What is more, the pore water pressure coefficient of mucky soil is less than 1. As the compactness of soil increases and moisture content reduces, the value of B reduces. There is a staggered dissipating in the process of consolidation, in which it is a mutate point when U/P is 80%. It is helpful to establish the pore water pressure model and study the strength-deformation of soil in process of consolidation. 相似文献