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1.
In recent years, red tides occurred frequently in coastal areas worldwide. Various methods based on the use of clay, copper sulfate, and bacteria have been successful in controlling red tides to some extent. As a new defensive agent, marine microorganisms are important sources of compounds with potent inhibitory bioactivities against red-tide microalgae, such as Gymnodinium sp. （Pyrrophyta）. In this study, we isolated a marine bacterium, HSB07, from seawater collected from Hongsha Bay, Sanya, South China Sea. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence and biochemical characteristics, the isolated strain HSB07 was identified as a member of the genus Halomonas. A crude ethyl acetate extract of strain HSB07 showed moderate inhibition activity against Gymnodinium sp. in a bioactive prescreening experiment. The extract was further separated into fractions A, B, and C by silica gel column chromatography. Fractions B and C showed strong inhibition activities against Gymnodinium. This is the first report of inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of a Halomonas bacterium against a red-tide-causing microalga. 相似文献
2.
Marine microorganisms are a new source of natural antifouling compounds. In this study, two bacterial strains, Kytococcus sedentarius QDG-B506 and Bacillus cereus QDG-B509, were isolated from a marine biofilm and identified. The bacteria fermentation broth could exert inhibitory effects on the growth of Skeletonema costatum and barnacle larvae. A procedure was employed to extract and identify the antifouling compounds. Firstly, a toxicity test was conducted by graduated pH and liquid-liquid extraction to determine the optimal extraction conditions. The best extraction conditions were found to be pH 2 and 100% petroleum ether. The EC50 value of the crude extract of K. sedentarius against the test microalgae was 236.7 ± 14.08 μg mL-1, and that of B. cereus was 290.6 ± 27.11 μg mL-1. Secondly, HLB SPE columns were used to purify the two crude extracts. After purification, the antifouling activities of the two extracts significantly increased: the EC50 of the K. sedentarius extract against the test microalgae was 86.4 ± 3.71 μg mL-1, and that of B. cereus was 92.6 ± 1.47 μg mL-1. These results suggest that the metabolites produced by the two bacterial strains are with high antifouling activities and they should be fatty acid compounds. Lastly, GC-MS was used for the structural elucidation of the compounds. The results show that the antifouling compounds produced by the two bacterial strains are myristic, palmitic and octadecanoic acids. 相似文献
3.
拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌海洋细菌的筛选和鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从93份中国南部海域近海海泥样品中分离出1800多株海洋细菌,以对峙培养法,测定海洋细菌对香蕉枯萎菌的拮抗作用,再以琼脂划线培养法(agar streak)测定菌株的抑菌活性,结果表明:约55.6%的菌株对香蕉枯萎菌有一定的拮抗作用,其中58株菌株抑制香蕉枯萎菌生长所形成的抑菌带宽度大于10.0mm,抑菌作用较好,复筛后其中13个菌株形成的抑菌带宽在15.0mm以上。经反复转接和对峙培养,筛选出拮抗效果好、抑菌活性稳定的菌株TC-1,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属的细菌,TC-1对14种病原微生物都有较好的抑菌效果。 相似文献
4.
A total of 400 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, saltern mud, marine fish guts, and marine algae were obtained. The
protease activity of the yeast cultures was estimated, after which four strains (HN3.11, N11b, YF04C and HN4.9) capable of
secreting extracellular alkaline protease were isolated. The isolated strains were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, Issatchenkia orientalis and Cryptococcus cf. aureus. The optimal pH of the protease activity produced by strains HN3.11, YF04C, and HN4.9 was 9.0, while that of the protease
produced by strain N11b was 10.0. The optimal temperature for protease activity was 45°C for strains HN3.11, N11b, and YF04C,
and 50°C for strain HN4.9. After digestion of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) protein and spirulina (Arthospira platensis) protein with the four crude alkaline proteases, the filtrate from spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) powder digested by the crude alkaline protease of strain HN3.11 was found to have the highest antioxidant activity (61.4%)
and the highest angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities (68.4%). The other filtrates had much lower antioxidant
activity and ACE-inhibitory activities. 相似文献
5.
In the present research, the strain SLYY-3 was isolated from sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The strain SLYY-3, which produced a bacteriocin-like substance(BLS), was characterized to be a strain of Bacillus subtillis by biochemical profiling and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis. It is the first time to report that Bacillus subtilis from Jiaozhou Bay sediments could produce a BLS. The BLS of B. subtillis SLYY-3 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria(including Staphylococcus aureus and B. subtillis) and some fungi(including Penicillium glaucum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). The antimicrobial activity was detected from culture in the exponential growth phase and reached its maximum when culture entered into stationary growth phase. It was thermo-tolerant even when being kept at 100℃ for 60 min without losing any activity and stable over a wide p H range from 1.0 to 12.0 while being inactivated by proteolytic enzyme and trypsin, indicating the proteinaceous nature of the BLS. The BLS was purified by precipitation with hydrochloric acid(HCl) and gel filteration(Sephadex G-100). SDS-PAGE analysis of the extracellular peptides of SLYY-3 revealed a bacteriocin-like protein with a molecular mass of 66 k Da. Altogether, these characteristics indicate the potential of the BLS for food industry as a protection against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. 相似文献
6.
Ten actinomycete strains isolated from the Yellow Sea off China's coasts were identified as belonging to two genera by 16 S r DNA phylogenetic analysis: Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis. Six Streptomyces strains(MA10, 2SHXF01-3, MA35, MA05-2, MA05-2-1 and MA08-1) and one Nocardiopsis strain(MA03) were predicted to have the potential to produce aromatic polyketides based on the analysis of the KSα(ketoacyl-synthase) gene in the type II PKS(polyketides synthase) gene cluster. Four strains(MA03, MA01, MA10 and MA05-2) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on mycelia growth(inhibition rate 50%) and subsequent aflatoxin production(inhibition rate 75%) of the mutant aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus NFRI-95. The ethyl acetate extracts of the broth of these four strains displayed significant inhibitory effects on mycelia growth, and the IC50 values were calculated(MA03: 0.275 mg m L-1, MA01: 0.106 mg m L-1, MA10: 1.345 mg m L-1 and MA05-2: 1.362 mg m L-1). Five strains(2SHXF01-3, MA03, MA05-2, MA01 and MA08-1) were selected based on their high cytotoxic activities. The ethyl acetate extract of the Nocardiopsis strain MA03 was particularly noted for its high antitumor activity against human carcinomas of the cervix(He La), lung(A549), kidney(Caki-1) and liver(Hep G2)(IC50: 2.890, 1.981, 3.032 and 2.603 μg m L-1, respectively). The extract also remarkably inhibited colony formation of He La cells at an extremely low concentration(0.5 μg m L-1). This study highlights that marine-derived actinomycetes are a huge resource of compounds for the biological control of aflatoxin contamination and the development of novel drugs for human carcinomas. 相似文献
7.
A chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of Alternaria tenuissima EN-192,an endophytic fungus obtained from the stems of the marine mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa,resulted in the isolation of nine known secondary metabolites,including four indole-diterpenoids:penijanthine A(1),paspaline(2),paspalinine(3),and penitrem A(4);three tricycloalternarene derivatives:tricycloalternarene 3a(5),tricycloalternarene 1b(6),and tricycloalternarene 2b(7);and two alternariol congeners:djalonensone(8) and alternariol(9).The chemical structures of these metabolites were characterized through a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses and their comparison with reports from the literature.The inhibitory activities of each isolated compound against four bacteria were evaluated and compounds 5 and 8 displayed moderate activity against the aquaculture pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum,with inhibition zone diameters of 8 and 9 mm,respectively,at 100 μg/disk.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the secondary metabolites of mangrove-derived Alternaria tenuissima and also the first report of the isolation of indole-diterpenoids from fungal genus Alternaria. 相似文献
8.
S. Satheesh A. R. Soniamby C. V. Sunjaiy Shankar S. Mary Josephine Punitha 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(3):354-360
The present study aimed at assessing the antifouling activity of bacteria associated with marine sponges. A total of eight bacterial strains were isolated from the surface of sponge Sigmadocia sp., of them, SS02, SS05 and SS06 showed inhibitory activity against biofilm-forming bacteria. The extracts of these 3 strains considerably affected the extracellular polymeric substance producing ability and adhesion of biofilm-forming bacterial strains. In addition to disc diffusion assay, microalgal settlement assay was carried out with the extracts mixed with polyurethane wood polish and coated onto stainless steel coupons. The extract of strain SS05 showed strong microalgal settlement inhibitory activity. Strain SS05 was identified as Bacillus cereus based on its 16S rRNA gene. Metabolites of the bacterial strains associated with marine invertebrates promise to be developed into environment-friendly antifouling agents. 相似文献
9.
Quorum sensing(QS)disruption is considered as a potential alternative strategy to combat bacterial diseases in aquaculture.In this study,we isolated and identified bacteria degrading QS molecules from pond sediment and fish intestine.A total of 132 strains were obtained in the enrichment culture,of which two strains were identified as Enterobacter sp.f003 and Staphylococcus sp.sw120,being isolated from the fish intestine and pond sediment,respectively.We found that strains f003 and sw120 could degrade acyl-homoserine lactones(AHLs)and cause no hemolysis of sheep red blood cells.The AHL lactonase(aiiA)homologous gene in the two strains was detected in PCR amplification and the high-degrading activity to N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone(C6-HSL)and AHLs secreted from pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was assessed.Meanwhile,the artificial infection of cyprinid Carassius auratus gibelio with intraperitoneal injection showed that the two strains were avirulent.Therefore,the obtained indigenous bacteria are candidate probiotics against pathogenic A.hydrophila in aquaculture. 相似文献
10.
107 strains producing protease were screened from 260 strains of Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria, among which proteolytic activity of five strains was more than 45 U ml^-1. The 16S rRNA gcne sequences homology and phylogcnetic analysis of five Antarctic psychrophillc bacteria showed that NJ276, NJS-9, NJ16-70,NJ345 belonged tO the described genus Pseudoalteromonas and NJ341 belonged to the genus Colwellia. The growth and the protease characteristic of four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria had been studied, and the result showed that the 6ptimal temperature for growth and protease-produeing of four strains was about 10℃. Their growth and protease-produeing were still high during incubatlng 2-5 days. The maximum proteolytic activity occurred at pH 9 for four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria. The optimal temperature of protease action of both strains NJ276 and NJ5-9 was about 50℃, however, the optimal temperature of protease aetlon of both strains NJ341 and NJ345 was about 40 ℃, and their proteolytic activity under 0℃ exhibited nearly 30% of the maximum activity, but their thermal stabilities were weaker. These results indicated that proteases from NJ341 and NJ345 were low-temperature proteases. 相似文献
11.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from Zostera marina against the pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration disease. When 95% ethanol (v/v) solvent was used to extract Zostera marina at 50°C, aqueous extract (ZA) showed obvious bacteriostatic effects on the tested bacterial strains (inhibition halo diameters
between 8.23 mm and 13.62 mm), whereas the ethyl acetate extract (ZE) was almost inactive. The minimal inhibitory concentration
(MIC) of ZA against four pathogens were homogeneous at 12.8 g L−1. ZA components were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay and six fractions were obtained. In another study,
the six fractions showed inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria while their functions seemed to counteract the ZA
activity. 相似文献
12.
Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from seagrass rhizosphere soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Upasana Ghosh Ponnambalam Subhashini Elangovan Dilipan Subramanian Raja Thirunavukarassu Thangaradjou Lakshmanan Kannan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(1):86-92
Phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains(6 Nos.) were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of two seagrasses(Halophila ovalis(R.Br.) Hook and Halodule pinifolia(Miki) Hartog) in the Vellar estuary.Experimental studies found that the strain PSSG6 was effective in phosphate solubilization with Phosphate Solubilization efficiency index E = 375 ± 8.54,followed by the strain PSSG5 with Phosphate Solubilization efficiency index E = 275 ± 27.3.Of the 6 strains isolated,the strains PSSG4 and PSSG5 be-longed to the genus Bacillus,and PSSG1,PSSG2 and PSSG3 were identified as Citrobacter sp.,Shigella sp.,and Klebsiella sp.,respectively,by conventional method,and PSSG6 was identified as Bacillus circulans using conventional and molecular methods. 相似文献
13.
Marine sponge Tedania anhelans distributes throughout the intertidal zone of Fujian, southeastern China, and is a potential source of natural bioactive products. The sponge harbors a large number of bacterial groups that have been identified using various techniques, including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Fractionation of dissociated sponge allowed isolation of 25 bacterial species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic analysis attributed most of these eubacteria to α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Cytophaga/Flavobacterium/Bacteroidetes (CFB group), and the family Bacillaceae of Gram-positive bacteria. In sequence similarity, five putatively novel species were identified with less than 98% similarity to other strains in the NCBI database. Tests for antimicrobial activities were performed against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, antitumor indicators Escherichia coli 343/591 (with DNA repair deficiency), regular E. coli 343/636 (with different DNA repair capacity), and 10 bacterial isolates exhibited inhibitory bioactivities. Among these strains, three isolates were detected involving function gene NRPS-A domains, which were most closely related to the amino acid sequences of linear gramicidin synthetase and pyoverdine synthetase. These results contribute to our knowledge of the microbes associated with marine sponges and further reveal novel bacterial resources for the screening of bioactive marine natural products. 相似文献
14.
A thorough understanding of the normal bacterial flora associated with shrimp larviculture systems contributes to probiotic screening and disease control.The bacterial community of the water column over a commercial Litopenaeus vannamei larval rearing run was characterized with both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.A total of 27 phylotypes at the species level were isolated and identified based on 16 S rDNA sequence analysis.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) analysis of the V3–V5 region of 16 S rRNA genes showed a dynamic bacterial community with major changes occurred from stages zoea to mysis during the rearing run.The sequences retrieved were affiliated to four phyla,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Firmicutes,with the family Rhodobacteraceae being the most frequently recovered one.Subsequently,13 representative strains conferred higher larval survival than the control when evaluated in the in-vivo experiments;in particular,three candidates,assigned to Phaeobacter sp.,Arthrobacter sp.,and Microbacterium sp.,significantly improved larval survival( P 0.05).Therefore,the healthy shrimp larviculture system harbored a diverse and favorable bacterial flora,which contribute to larval development and are of great importance in exploiting novel probiotics. 相似文献
15.
Edwardsiella tarda has become one of the most important emerging pathogens in aquaculture industry.Therefore,a rapid,reproducible,and sensitive method for detection and quantification of this pathogen is needed urgently.To achieve this purpose,we developed a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of E.tarda.The assay targets the hemolysin activator HlyB domain protein of E.tarda.Our optimized TaqMan assay is capable of detecting as little as 40 fg of genomic DNA per reaction.A standard curve was generated from the threshold cycle values(y) against log10(E.tarda genomic DNA concentration) as x.The intra-and inter-assay coefficient of variation(CV) values were less than 2.06% and 1.05% respectively,indicating that the assay had good reproducibility.This method is highly specific to E.tarda strains,as it shows no cross-reactivity to Edwardsiella ictaluri,a member of the same genus,or to nine other fish-pathogenic bacteria species belonging to three other genera.This sensitive and specific real-time PCR assay provides a valuable tool for diagnostic quantitation of E.tarda in clinical samples. 相似文献
16.
17.
Pleurochrysis carterae is a calcified coccolithophorid species that usually blooms in the coastal area and causes aquaculture losses. The cellular calcification, blooming and many other critical species specific eco-physiological processes are closely related to various metabolic pathways. The purpose of this study is to apply the unbiased and non-destructive method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to detect the unknown holistic metabolite of P. carterae. The results show that NMR spectroscopic method is practical in the analysis of metabolites of phytoplankton. The metabolome of P. carterae was dominated by 26 metabolites involved in a number of different primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Organic acids and their derivatives, amino acids, sugars, nucleic aides were mainly detected. The abundant metabolites are that closely related to the process of cellular osmotic adjustment, which possibly reflect the active ability of P. carterae to adapt to the versatile coastal niche. DMSP (dimethylsulphoniopropionate) was the most dominant metabolite in P. carterae, up to 2.065±0.278 mg/g lyophilized cells, followed by glutamate and lactose, the contents were 0.349±0.035 and 0.301±0.073 mg/g lyophilized cells respectively. Other metabolites that had the content ranged between 0.1–0.2 mg/g lyophilized cells were alanine, isethionate and arabinose. Amino acid (valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine), organic acid salts (lactate, succinate), scyllitol and uracil had content ranged from 0.01 to below 0.1 mg/g lyophilized cells. Trigonelline, fumarate and formate were detected in very low content (only thousandths of 1 mg per gram of lyophilized cells or below). Our results of the holistic metabolites of P. carterae are the basic references for the further studies when multiple problems will be addressed to this notorious blooming calcifying species. 相似文献
18.
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract from Penicillium commune SD-118, a fungus obtained from a deep-sea sediment sample, resulted in the isolation of a known antibacterial compound, xanthocillin X (1), and 14 other known compounds comprising three steroids (2-4), two ceramides (5 and 6), six aromatic compounds (7-12), and three alkaloids (13-15). Xanthocillin X (1) was isolated for the first time from a marine fungus. In the bioassay, xanthocillin X (1) displayed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2, H460, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Meleagrin (15) exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This is the first report of the cytotoxicity of xanthocillin X (1). 相似文献
19.
Twenty species of seaweed were collected from the coast of Zhejiang, China, extracted with ethanol, and screened for algicidal activity against red tide microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum micans. Inhibitory effects of fresh and dried tißsues of green alga Ulva intestinalis were assessed and the main algicidal compounds were isolated, purified, and identified. Five seaweed species, U. intestinalis, U. fasciata, Grateloupia romosissima, Chondria crassicaulis, and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, were investigated for their algicidal activities. Fresh tissues of 8.0 and 16.0 mg/mL of U. intestinalis dissolved in media significantly inhibited growth of H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Dried tissue and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of U. intestinalis at greater than 1.2 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively, were fatal to H. akashiwo, while its water and EtOAc extracts in excess of 0.96 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively, were lethal to P. micans. Three algicidal compounds in the EtOAc extracts were identified as 15-ethoxy-(6z,9z,12z)-hexadecatrienoic acid (I), (6E,9E,12E)-(2-acetoxy-β-D-glucose)-octadecatrienoic acid ester (II) and hexadecanoic acid (III). Of these, compound II displayed the most potent algicidal activity with IC50 values of 4.9 and 14.1 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Compound I showed moderate algicidal activity with IC50 values of 13.4 and 24.7 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. These findings suggested that certain macroalgae or products therefrom could be used as effective biological control agents against red tide algae. 相似文献
20.
Four bromophenols were isolated from the extract of marine red alga,Rhodomela confervoides by column chromatography and HPLC methods. By means of spectroscopic methods inclding IR, MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR techniques,
their structures were elucidated as (1) 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid methyl ester; (2) bis (2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)
ether; (3) 3,4-dibromo-5-(methoxymethyl)-1,2-benzenediol and (4) 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde. Compound 1 was first
isolated from the algae in nature, and 1, 4 were found to have selective cytotoxic activities against KB, Bel 7402 and A549
cells, 2 showed powerful antibacterial activities againstStaphylococcus aurens andPseudomonas aeruginosa.
Supported by National “863” Program (No. 2004AA625030, 2001AA620503), Quingdao marine sciences project (No. 04-2-NN-26) and
Key Knowledge Innovative Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-215). 相似文献