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1.
基于中国热带气旋年鉴资料,从气候学角度出发,对西北太平洋TC(热带气旋)发生温带变性的频数与大尺度环流系统间的关系进行了诊断和分析.研究发现变性TC多发生于夏、秋两季,通过对NCEP月平均再分析资料的500hPa高度场进行EOF分解,发现西北太平洋TC变性的频数与65°N附近强冷高压系统在夏、秋两季都存在着正相关关系,且相关性在秋季高于夏季;与30°N附近强副热带高压系统存在负相关关系,夏季副热带高压系统的作用更大;与30°N以南西北太平洋多台风活动区域的弱低压存在显著的负相关,低压越弱,对流越弱,则TC的生成数越少,其中发生变性的TC数也会减少.500hPa高度场EOF分解的第一特征向量所对应的时间函数分布在20世纪70年代中期前后出现了反号,较好地对应了变性TC年频数的年际变化趋势,70年代中期之前变性TC呈总体偏多,之后变性TC的频数总体偏少,呈明显下降趋势.  相似文献   

2.
冬夏季热带太平洋至印度洋次表层海温变化的模态特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用美国Scripps海洋研究所的1955—1998年全球海洋上层海水温度月距平资料,对热带太平洋至印度洋各层海温进行经验正交函数分解,分析其主要模态特征。结果表明:热带太平洋至印度洋次表层海温场主要表现出东、西太平洋海温异常反位相变化的特征,异常强度冬季明显强于夏季。冬季赤道东太平洋40m层,东印度洋至西太平洋120m层,夏季赤道东太平洋40m层,东印度洋至西太平洋160m层为海温异常的显著区域。冬季0—60m层第一特征向量表现出厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)模态特征,第二特征向量表现出海温异常的东西运移模态特征,80—400m层第一特征向量表现出西太平洋暖池模态特征,第二特征向量表现出海温异常的东西运移模态特征。夏季0—60m层特征向量表现出厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)模态,80—400m层特征向量表现出西太平洋暖池模态特征。  相似文献   

3.
根据1989—2012年西北太平洋秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)以及对应的海洋环境因子数据,包括1-12月各月的Trans-Nino指数(TNI)、1月黑潮区域海表面温度(SST_(黑潮))、6月亲潮海表面温度(SST_(亲潮)),采用BP神经网络预报模型,对西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度进行预测分析。通过10种神经网络模型比较,以及实际CPUE的验证,以拟合残差最小的预报模型作为最优预报模型。研究表明:各月TNI指数、1月黑潮区域海表面温度、6月亲潮海表面温度对西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度影响显著,结构为14-10-1的BP神经网络模型相对误差仅为0.000 681,可作为西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度的预报模型。  相似文献   

4.
利用2003―2014年MODIS卫星遥感数据,采用EOF方法分析叶绿素浓度的时空变化特征,并探讨其影响机制。结果表明,大亚湾海域表层叶绿素浓度具有明显的时空分布特征,夏季最高,春季最低,由大亚湾顶向湾口递减,近岸高于离岸。EOF分析获得前3个模态的累积方差贡献率分别是32.5%,16.8%,8.5%,基本反映了大亚湾海域叶绿素浓度变化的主要过程。第1模态权重占绝对优势,其空间模态表明了大亚湾叶绿素浓度以霞涌至中央列岛一带海域为高值中心,变化较大区域主要位于中央列岛北部海域,第1模态的周期变化是13.3个月。第2模态主要体现为季节变化,功率谱显著周期为6个月和12个月,反映了叶绿素浓度的变化以白鹤洲为界东西两个不同的区域,高值区位于圣筑岛的东边,变率较大区域与第1模态基本一致。第3模态的方差贡献率是8.5%,高值区位于中央列岛中部和范和港南部海域,变率最大区域与第1、第2模态一致,第3模态的变化周期是8.57个月和17.14个月。大亚湾叶绿素浓度的分布及变化与海表面温度、降水、风、潮流,以及人类的影响密切相关。  相似文献   

5.
根据2003~2004年西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源调查结果,对西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔场分布及其与海水表层温度(SST)的关系进行分析。结果表明,7~9月西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔场主要集中在40.5°N~44.5°N、151.5°E~158°E,SST为10℃~19℃,捕捞群体以中大型个体为主;各月最高产量及最大CPUE时的SST各不相同,渔场的形成和丰度与亲潮和黑潮的势力强弱及其分布密切相关。经K-S检验,结果表明,各月SST与产量及样本平均体长、平均体重的差异均不显著。这些渔场可作为我国远洋鱿钓渔业的兼作渔场。  相似文献   

6.
海洋初级生产力在海洋环境要素的驱动下,在不同海域呈现出不同的时空变化特征,这种时空演变特征在不同的ENSO事件类型下差异更为显著。本文基于1998年1月至2017年12月全球海洋初级生产力的卫星遥感数据集,通过改进海洋时空双约束聚类挖掘方法,挖掘了近20年海洋初级生产力的时空聚簇模式,并从时空分布和空间移动2个方面对比分析了海洋初级生产力时空演变簇与ENSO(El Niño-Southern Oscillation)事件之间的关系。结果表明:① 在EP(Eastern-Pacific)型El Niño事件期间,海洋初级生产力异常低值时空簇主要分布在赤道太平洋东部或中东部海域,异常高值时空簇主要分布在西太平洋和南太平洋中部海域;在CP(Central-Pacific)型El Niño事件期间,异常低值时空簇分布在太平洋中部,而异常高值时空簇分布在南太平洋与西太平洋海域;② 在EP型La Niña事件期间,赤道太平洋中部及东部、赤道大西洋与印度洋海域出现异常高值时空簇,南太平洋中东部海域出现异常低值时空簇;在CP型La Niña事件期间,赤道太平洋中部出现异常高值时空簇;南太平洋中西部海域出现异常低值时空簇;③ 发生在赤道太平洋的海洋初级生产力时空演变簇,在EP型ENSO事件期间具有东移特征,而在CP型ENSO事件期间,时空演变簇在赤道太平洋中部海域产生并消亡;④ ENSO事件中海洋初级生产力时空演变簇面积与MEI具有较强相关性。  相似文献   

7.
提出了一种基于多元时间序列的Kn近邻短期气候预测模型。该模型既保留了Kn近邻算法的优良特性,同时又考虑了气候系统有关状态量之间的物理关系和动力行为特性。用该模型对云南各区域的平均月雨量距平值进行预测试验,其对云南1991年5月~1998年6月的月雨量距平值预测检验的距平符号相关准确率为63.5%,对云南1991~1998年的5月雨量距平值预测检验的距平符号相关准确率则可达到70.0%。该模型的建立具有一定的实际业务应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
青藏高原冬季降水的气候特征认识对高原冬季雪灾的防御有着重要意义。基于青藏高原54个气象站1971~2010年冬季(12~2月)逐月降水量资料,利用现代统计方法分析了青藏高原冬季降水的时空分布特征及突变现象,利用经验正交函数(EOF)和旋转经验正交函数(REOF)概括出高原冬季降水的6种主要空间分布型以及区域性特征进行分析。结果表明:冬季降水分布不均匀,偏东偏南部降水量相对较多,冬季降水在12月最少,2月最多;EOF对青藏高原地区冬季降水分解为6种模态,全区一致型、南北部型、东西部型、川西型、高原腹地型和西部型模态;EOF第1模态时间系数表明高原大部分地区冬季降水在20世纪90年代有显著增加、且存在14年左右的周期变化特征。REOF分析表明,高原地区冬季降水的局地特征显著,而高原腹地与中东部地区变化特征显示了高原冬季降水的主要变化特征,与EOF分析第1模态的变化特征较为一致。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】建立西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度预报模型,为其资源的可持续开发与管理提供参考依据。【方法】根据2000—2013年西北太平洋秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)渔业数据及海洋环境数据,包括产卵场与索饵场表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、太平洋年代气候震荡(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)和厄尔尼诺指数(Trans-NinoIndex,TNI),建立西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度灰色预报模型。【结果】比较建立的5种灰色系统模型的相对误差和相关系数,选择最优预报模型。最优模型结果表明,影响西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度的环境因子重要性依次为TNI、PDO、产卵场SST、索饵场SST。【结论】基于产卵场SST、PDO、TNI的GM(1,4)模型,相关系数高达0.7598且平均相对误差为36.64%,可作为西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度预报模型,能够预报其资源状况变动,建议使用该模型指导渔业企业生产。  相似文献   

10.
根据均匀分布在全球各大洲的IGS测站信息,选取105个数据质量良好的近海岸测站以及29个内陆测站,利用ECCO发布的海底压力数据计算得到由非潮汐海洋负载引起的IGS测站位置N、E、U方向上的位移。分析了由地理位置差异导致的测站受非潮汐海洋负载效应的影响存在的差异,并修正了SOPAC提供的IGS测站坐标时间序列,探讨了非潮汐海洋负载效应引起的测站位移对近海岸测站坐标时间序列的影响。结果表明,近海区域(<50 km)测站受到非潮汐海洋负载影响U方向平均量级为5 mm,远大于内陆(>500 km)测站U方向的影响;经过非潮汐海洋负载修正,71%的测站高程坐标时间序列RMS值得以减小,其中最大可使RMS值降低13%;大西洋、太平洋西海岸受其影响比东海岸大,考虑到其受非潮汐海洋负载效应影响显著,使用大西洋与太平洋西海岸地区测站坐标时间序列前必须进行非潮汐海洋负载修正。  相似文献   

11.
INTRODUCTIONThemonsoonhasacirculationfeaturethatisplanetaryinscaleandanidentifiablesignalregardingitssubsequentintensitysomeninemonthspriortotheactivestageofthesummermonsoon(WebsterandYang,1992).Furthermore,themagnitudeofthemonsoonvariabilityissubstantia…  相似文献   

12.
By using monthly historical sea surface temperature (SST) data for the years from 1950 to 2000, the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) climatology and anomalies are studied in this paper. The analysis of WPWP centroid (WPWPC) movement anomalies and the Nino-3 region SST anomalies( SSTA) seems to reveal a close, linear relation between the zonal WPWPC and Nino-3 region SSTA, which suggests that a 9' anomaly of the zonal displacement from the climatological position of the WPWPC corresponds to about a 1 ℃ anomaly in the Nino-3 region area-mean SST. This study connects the WPWPC zonal displacement with the Nino-3 SSTA, and it may be helpful in better understanding the fact that the WPWP eastward extension is conducive to the Nino-3 region SST increase during an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event.  相似文献   

13.
By using monthly historical sea surface temperature (SST) data for the years from 1950 to 2000, the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) climatology and anomalies are studied in this paper. The analysis of WPWP centroid (WPWPC) movement anomalies and the Niño-3 region SST anomalies(SSTA) seems to reveal a close, linear relation between the zonal WPWPC and Niño-3 region SSTA, which suggests that a 9° anomaly of the zonal displacement from the climatological position of the WPWPC corresponds to about a l°C anomaly in the Niño-3 region area-mean SST. This study connects the WPWPC zonal displacement with the Niño-3 SSTA, and it may be helpful in better understanding the fact that the WPWP eastward extension is conducive to the Niño-3 region SST increase during an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event.  相似文献   

14.
Potential links between the Arctic sea-ice concentration anomalies and extreme precipitation in China are explored. Associations behind these links can be explained by physical interpretations aided by...  相似文献   

15.
This study investigates recent climate change over the Arctic and its link to the mid-latitudes using the ERA-Interim global atmospheric reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Since 1979, sub- stantial surface warming, associated with the increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases, has occurred over the Arctic. The great- est warming in winter has taken place offshore in the Kara-Barents Sea, and is associated with the increase in turbulent heat fluxes from the marginal ice zone. In contrast to the marked warming over the Arctic Ocean in winter, substantial cooling appears over Siberia and eastern Asia, linked to the reduction of Arctic sea ice during the freezing season (September-March). However, in summer, very little change is observed in surface air temperature over the Arctic because increased radiative heat melts the sea ice and the amount of turbulent heat gain from the ocean is relatively small. The heat stored in the upper ocean mixed layer in summer with the opening of the Arctic Ocean is released back to the atmosphere as turbulent heat fluxes during the autumn and through to the following spring. This warming of the Arctic and the reduced sea ice amplifies surface cooling over Siberia and eastern Asia in winter.  相似文献   

16.
The inverse relationship between nitrate and temperature (N-T relationship) has been used to estimate new production from remotely sensed sea surface temperature at the regional or global scale of oceans. This study aimed to develop a time-series model of the N-T relationship from automated, continuous hourly observations over two years on the coast of Halifax, Canada. The model demonstrated time-series variability of the N-T relationship at a coastal station on the Nova Scotia Shelf, with adjusted R2=0.999 4 and RMSE=0.025 7. The maximum residual value was 0.077. The annual temperature variations described a sine curve, and daily, weekly, and monthly variations fluctuated within the normal ranges, controlled by the local climate. The annual variation of nitrate concentration formed nearly a sine curve. Heavy or long- lasting rainfall increased nitrate concentration by 4 to 30-fold in 24 h, and then the increased nitrogen was quickly depleted by phytoplankton growth in 10 to 48 h. In general, biological activity was a key factor in causing nitrate concentration change, dependent mainly on seawater temperature. The power function of the N-T relationship observed in our study area could be used to quickly estimate sea surface nitrate concentration, in combination with temperature data obtained by remote sensing.  相似文献   

17.
Time series of sea surface temperature (SST),wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) from meteorologicalbuoys of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) are useful for studying the interannual variability and trend of these quantities at the buoy areas.The measurements from 4 buoys (B51001,B51002,B51003 and B51004) in the Hawaii area are used to study theresponses of the quantities to EI Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Long-term averages of these data reflect precise seasonaland climatological characteristics of SST,wind speed and SWH around the Hawaii area.Buoy observations from B51001 suggest asignificant warming trend which is,however,not very clear from the other three buoys.Compared with the variability of SST andSWH,the wind speeds from the buoy observations show an increasing trend.The impacts of El Nifio on SST and wind waves arealso shown.Sea level data observed by altimeter during October 1992 to September 2006 are analyzed to investigate the variabilityof sea level in the Hawaii area.The results also show an increasing trend in sea level anomaly (SLA).The low-passed SLA in theHawaii area is consistent with the inverse phase of the low-passed Sol (Southern Oscillation Index).Compared with the low-passedSOl and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation),the low-passed PNA (Pacific-North America Index) has a better correlation with thelow-passed SLA in the Hawaii area.  相似文献   

18.
北极海冰范围时空变化及其与海温气温间的数值分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文利用美国国家冰雪中心提供的1989-2014年海冰范围资料,分析了北极海冰范围的年际变化和季节变化规律。分析发现,北极海冰范围呈减少趋势,每年减小5.91×104 km2,夏季减少趋势显著,冬季减少趋势弱。北极海冰范围显现相对稳定的季节变化规律,海冰的结冰和融化主要发生在各个边缘海,夏季期间的海冰具有融化快、冻结快的特征。结合海温、气温数据,进行北极海冰范围与海温、气温间的数值分析,结果表明北极海冰范围变化通过影响北极海温变化进而影响北极气温变化。海冰范围的季节变化滞后于海温和气温的季节变化。基于北极考察走航海温气温数据,进行楚科奇海海冰范围线与海温气温间的数值分析,发现楚科奇海海冰范围线所在区域的海温、气温与纬度高低、离陆地远近有关。  相似文献   

19.
A two and a half layer oceanic model of wind-driven, thermodynamical general circulation is appliedto study the interannual oscillation of sea surface temperature (SST) in the South China Sea (SCS). Themodel consists of two active layers: the upper mixed layer (UML) and the seasonal thermocline, with themotionless abyss beneath them. The governing equations which include momentum, continuity and sea.temperature for each active layer, can describe the physics of Boussinseq approximation, reduced gravityand equatorial β-plane. The formulas for the heat flux at the surface and at the interface between twoactive layers are designed on the Haney scheme. The entrainment and detrainment at the bottom of theUML induces vertical transport of mass,momentum and heat, and couples of dynamic andthermodynamic effect.Using leap-frog integrating scheme and the Arakawa-C grid the model is forced bya time-dependent wind anomaly stress pattern obtained from category analysis of COADS. The numerical results indicate that t  相似文献   

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