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1.
Xinping Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,7(4):339-346
The relations between δ18O and temperature on the different time scales were analysed, according to the data from Tuotuohe (34°13′N, 96°25′E; 4533
m a. s. l.), Delingha (37°22′N, 97°22′E; 2981 m a. s. l.) and Xining (36°37′N, 101°46′E; 2261 m a. s. l.) in the Qinghai-Xizang
Plateau. The results show that the significance of d δ18O/dT on different time scales are different. The d δ18O/dT on the synoptic scale reflects the interdependent relation between δ18O and temperature in the short-term synoptic scale process; the d δ18O/d T on the seasonal scale reflects the relation between them whithin a year; and the d δ18O/d T on the climatic scale reflects the relation between them in the long-term climatic change. The calculated d δ18O/dT on climatic scale is very close to the theoretical values on the condition of advection transport for Tuotuohe Station. However,
there are great differences between the calculated and the theoretical values for Delingha and Xining stations. 相似文献
2.
SU Weizhong YANG Guishan YAO Shimou YANG Yingbao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(4):311-316
From the viewpoint of Graph Theory this paper builds a town road network graph of regional scale, and proposes numerical vertex degree (Di), rank vertex degree (Dr) and population size vertex degree (Dp) on the base of vertex degree (D). Then the indicators of Di, Dr, Dp and mathematical statistics methods are applied to investigating scale-free structure of town road networks in the southern Jiangsu Province. The results show that the distribution of Di does not exhibit scale-free properties, but Dr and Dp do. Additionally the correlation coefficient between Dp and Di is only 0.569, but the spatial correlation between Dp and Dr is very evident on the base of correlation analysis and spatial analysis of GIS. The mutual mechanism between Dp and Dr spatially represents a "Core-Belt" model of town development of regional scale. The town development model is open and clustered, and beneficial to both economic development and ecological protection. And then we suggest that Suzhou City, Wuxi City, Changzhou City and Wujin City control towns' high-density pattern by conducting centralization and consolidation policies, and properly controlling and planning higher rank roads; whereas Nanjing City, Zhenjiang City, Jintan City and Liyang City must strengthen the development of towns along higher rank roads. 相似文献
3.
The tolerance to ammonia and nitrites in freshwater ciliate Paramecium bursaria was measured in a conventional open system. The ciliate was exposed to different concentrations of ammonia and nitrites for 2h and 12h in order to determine the lethal concentrations. Linear regression analysis revealed that the 2h-LC50 value for ammonia was 95.94 mg/L and for nitrite 27.35 mg/L using probit scale method (with 95% confidence intervals). There was a linear correlation between the mortality probit scale and logarithmic concentration of ammonia which fit by a regression equation y=7.32x-9.51 (R^2=0.98; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of ammonia), by which 2 h-LC50 value for ammonia was found to be 95.50 mg/L. A linear correlation between mortality probit scales and logarithmic concentration of nitrite is also followed the regression equation y=2.86x 0.89 (R^2=0.95; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of nitrite). The regression analysis of toxicity curves showed that the linear correlation between exposed time of ammonia-N LC50 valueand ammonia-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y=2 862.85e-0.08x (R^2=0.95; y, duration of exposure to LC50 value; x, LC50 value), and that between exposed time of nitrite-N LC50 value and nitrite-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y = 127.15e-0.13x (R^2=0.91; y, exposed time of LC50 value; x, LC50 value). The results demonstrate that the tolerance to ammonia in P. bursaria is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, e.g. cultured prawns and oysters. In addition, ciliates, as bacterial predators, are likely to play a positive role in maintaining and improving water quality in aquatic environments with high-level ammonium, such as sewage treatment systems. 相似文献
4.
Sun Xuexing 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1986,4(3):227-238
Scales of the Lake Anchovy in Taihu Lake are used as a basis for its age determination. Annual variation of scale edge growth
rate (α) indicates that the annulus forms once a year, mainly in April–June. The relationship formula for body length and
scale diameter is L=18.658+118.06R, that for body length and weight isW♀=7.588×10−6
L
2.8301;W♂=5.584×10−6
L
2.8781. The fish before age II have a higher relative growth rate in body length and weight and a higher growth index. Growth is
consistent with the growth equation by Von Bertalanffy. The turning point of the body weight growth curve is located between
age II and III; the exact position is atW=0.292W
∞. Variation specificity of the growth course can be reflected by the growth rate and its acceleration curves. Time for capture
of the fish should preferably be after age II, when they have reached a body length of 170 mm. That is one of the key measures
to increase Lake Anchovy production in Taihu Lake. 相似文献
5.
LIUDongyan AmyPickering SUNJun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1):75-79
1 Introduction Inrecentyears ,eutrophicationhasbecomeaworld wideenvironmentalprobleminthecoastalarea.Aqua culturebecomesaseriouspollutionsourcelikesewagedischarge .Wasteproductsfromfishfarmsconsistma inlyofnitrogen ,phosphorusandcarbondioxide .Inpen bas… 相似文献
6.
The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white
croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, in 2007. Since there are no significant differences
in sagittal OW between otolith in pairs (P≥0.05), the undamaged left sagittal otolith is used for age determination. The highest correlations among standard length,
OW and fish ages are confirmed by linear, exponential and multinomial regression. Results show that sagittal OW overlaps only
occasionally among age groups, and to individuals with similar standard length, the older and slower-growing fish has a heavier
otolith because of the continued otolith material deposition. There are differences in sagittal OW among different age groups
and significant positive linear relationship with age (P<0.05). The age readings can be verified by plotting the sagittal OW versus the standard length for age groups, and the individuals
with similar standard length but in different ages can be separated by sagittal OW frequency analysis. Mostly, the predicted
ages using the regression between sagittal OW and ages are closed to the observed ages by counting annulus on scale. It indicates
that the sagittal OW analysis is a useful technique for validating the accuracy of age determination by annuli counts, especially
for individuals of similar size. Furthermore, the technique is applied for Pennahia macrocephalus with discussion in this paper.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771653) and Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture 相似文献
7.
1INTRODUCTIONThere have been many literatures about the regional disparity of economic development in China since the late 1970s. Some scholars argue that disparity of re-gional development in China has been expanded since 1978, but others find it has reduced since 1978. The findings of some scholars show that the evolutionary process of the disparity of regional economic develop-ment in China follows the inverted U shape, but some others do not think so. What is the true tendency, and i… 相似文献
8.
INTRODUCTIONIntheearly 1 980 s,ventilationtheoryemergedtopredictthehorizontalandverticalstructureofthethermocline.Thereweretwodifferentviewsonthestratifiedoceans.Thefirsttheory (RhinesandYoung,1 982 ,hereafterRY ;YoungandRhines,1 982 )proposedanunventilatedmodelinwhichonlytheuppermostlayerisexposedtothesurfaceandisforcedbythewindstress.Thesecondtheory (Luytenetal.,1 983 ,hereafterLPS)offeredaventilatedmodelwhichisclosertotheclassicalthermoclinetheoriesthanthatofthefirstone (e.g .,Nee… 相似文献
9.
In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising. 相似文献
10.
Donald A. FRIEND 《山地科学学报》2005,2(3):181-192
Introduction Studies on microfabric and macrofabric are common, spanning from the sedimentology of fine grained rock to fabric analyses of glacial and periglacial deposits. These studies generally focus on one deposit that is all the same age. This study is unique in that identical measures of fabric were taken on a series of like deposits on the steep slopes (~25° to ~35°) of rhyolite domes in eastern California (Figures 1 and 2) whose maximum possible age stretches over a one-million-year… 相似文献
11.
The wind waves generated by cold waves are some of the most dangerous waves in Bohai Bay. In this paper records of the wind
waves under the influence of cold waves in November, 1968, are discussed. It is shown that the north wind is very strong in
spring and winter. The frequency spectrum of the development and decline of wind waves depends mainly on the wind speed. The
change of shape and scale parameters of the spectrum are discussed and the calculation equations are shown.
This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica.16(2): 147–155, 1985. 相似文献
12.
Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from China are described in this paper. B. yunnanense sp. nov. has long-cylindrical trichogynes with long stalks and is diagnostic of section Virescentia. Within this section, B. yunnanense is similar to B. helminthosum Bory emend. Sheath et al., but it is dioecious and has curved carpogonial branches, while the latter is monoecious and has straight carpogonial branches. It is also similar to B. transtaganum Reis, but it differs from the latter in long carpogonia,big carposporophytes and carposporangia. It is considered that B. nothocladoideum sp. nov. is assigned to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because its carpogonial branches are twisted and gonimoblast filaments are loosely agglomerated. This new species similar to B. iriomotense Kumano, but with short fascicles, long-ovoid or subpyriform cells, numerous terminal hairs, long-ellipsoid trichogynes, big carposporophytes and small carposporangia. The plant is quite tough and cartilaginous and similar to Nothocladus in gross morphology, but its carposporophytes are compact instead of diffuse. This shows that it may be a transitional species between section Contorta and genus Nothocladus. So, B. transitorium sp. nov. should belong to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because of its curved or twisted carpogonial branches and loosely agglomerated gonimoblast filaments, with globose or subglobose cells in fascicles similar to B. spermatiophorum Vis et Sheath, but no colourless spermatiophores. In terms of small and numerous carposporophytes, B. transitorium sp. nov. is similar to some species of section Batrachospermum. However, their other features are unique, indicating its transitional nature between section Contorta and Batrachospermum. 相似文献
13.
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刘序俨 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(4):151-154
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14.
Costaria costata (C. Agardh) Saunders is one of common kelps distributed in many coastal areas worldwide; however, in China, no reports have
been made on cultivation of the genus. To investigate potential cultivation of the species in the northern part of China,
trials on isolation and preservation of the gametophytes were conducted using C. costata from Korea; growth and development of the gametophytes were observed. We showed that at 10±1°C, 60 μmol m−2s−1 and 12:12 h (L:D), freshly released zoospores settled down within 1 hour, and then developed into the primary cell during
the following 2 days. After a vegetative growth phase lasting 6–8 days, female gametophytes became 3–4 times larger in diameter
than that of the primary cell, but still remained at a unicellular stage, while male gametophytes divided into 4–10 cells
with only a slight change in size. Fertilization occurred within 10 days after the zoospores were released from the sporangia,
and the apical and basal tissues of the juvenile sporophyte divided and differentiated into the blade and stipe. Temperature
and irradiance influenced gametophytic vegetative growth and developmental patterns. Generally, low irradiance (15 μmol m−2s−1 and 30 μmol m−2s−1) was unfavorable to the induction of fertility, but it enhanced female gametophyte division. The optimal conditions for vegetative
growth were 15°C and 30 μmol m−2s−1. After transplantation of the juvenile seedlings and after eight months cultivation, the harvested mature blade reached 194
cm in length and 32.7 cm in width. Our study proves that it is feasible to implement propagation and large scale cultivation
of C. costata in northern China. 相似文献
15.
地理空间数据处理的尺度理论 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
尺度问题是许多学科(包括空间信息科学)中最重要的，但至今尚未解决的问题之一。本文系统地探讨了空间数据处理的尺度问题，给出了一个空间数据处理的尺度理论，在该理论中，引入了诸如尺度谱和地学尺度等新概念，区分了欧氏空间和地理空间中的尺度，提出了衡量尺度的标准(一组参数)，并讨论了尺度和分辨率之间的关系。基于该理论背景，探讨了空间数据处理各个阶段的尺度问题，文章强调保持尺度一致性的重要性，最后提出了多尺度数据处理问题的一些可能的方法。 相似文献
16.
Sori formation inLaminaria japonica was studied from the ecological and physiological point of view. Cutting through the medulla ofLaminaria japonica improved the formation of sori. Sori formation under different water temperature, photoperiod, and light intensity was investigated
and total nitrogen and reducible sugar content determined. The result showed that sori ofL. japonica can be formed in 1–22°C water in Dalian. No sori were found in water over 23°C. High temperature inhibits the formation of
sori, but low temperature has no effect. Apparently, light intensity affects the formation of sori, but photoperiod does not.
In shallow waterL. japonica grows slower but stores dry material faster and forms sori rapidly. In deeper water it grows faster in length but stores
dry material slower and the sori formation is slow. Analysis of dry material shows that during sori formation the water content
decreases but total nitrogen and total reducible sugar increase. Only when the storage of sugar reaches a certain level can
sori begin to form. Cutting through the medulla interrupts the passage of nutrients to the growth area. Storage of carbohydrates
and nitrogen is the main factor affecting sori formation. 相似文献
17.
18.
基于海表面温度数据和海面高度异常数据，采用矢量几何法提取南海的中尺度涡旋并进行统计分析。结果显示，从海表面温度和海面高度异常数据都可以提取涡旋，两者的提取能力差异很小。由海表面温度数据可以提取较小尺度的涡旋，但跟踪涡旋时存在不稳定性；由海面高度异常数据虽然不能检测到较小尺度的涡旋，但跟踪涡旋相对稳定。两种数据所提取涡旋的时间和空间分布规律具有一致性。 相似文献
19.
Rural off-farm employment, rapid loss of agricultural land, and advanced technology popularization had led agricultural production
in Chinese typical rural areas come at a critical transformation and upgrade stage. Based on sample survey data gathered from
401 households in Yucheng City, Shandong Province, this paper focuses on the characteristics and mechanism of agricultural
transformation in typical rural areas of the eastern China. It was found that 74.3% of households surveyed kept at least one
member engaging in off-farm employment, and 57.1% looked forward to expanding the operational scale of arable land, while
just 13.7% had actually transferred their agricultural land. Since growing off-farm employment does not result in the collapse
of traditional subsistence agriculture, therefore, agricultural production in Yucheng City is at an incomplete transformation
phase from traditional small-holder farming to modern scale economy. It is caused by both macro environments and family characteristics,
while urban-rural dual structure, imperfect rural development policy and agricultural technology popularization make peasant
economy strengthen upon maintenance, and small-holder farming becomes peasant’s natural response owing to pluriactivity, local
off-farm employment, reverse elimination, etc. In order to achieve smooth agricultural transformation of typical rural areas in the eastern China, it needs to promote
professional differentiation among peasants, under clear policies adopted by central government. Providing comprehensive services
for agricultural production and improving production skills and knowledge of farmers who are still living in the countryside
will effectively stimulate the process of agricultural transformation. 相似文献
20.
Multi-scale Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of Rural Poverty: A Case Study in the Liupan Mountain Region,Gansu Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The important role of spatial scale in exploring the geography of poverty as well as its policy implications has been noticed but with limited knowledge. To improve such limited understanding, we mainly investigated the spatial patterns and influencing factors of rural poverty (indicated by poor population and poverty incidence) at three different administrative levels in the Liupan Mountain Region, one of the fourteen poorest regions in China. Our results show that from a global perspective, poor areas are clustered significantly at the county-, township-, and village-level, and more greatly at a lower level. Locally, there is spatial mismatch among poverty hotspots detected not only by the same indicator at different levels but also by different indicators at the same level. A scale effect can be found in the influencing factors of rural poverty. That is, the number of significant factors increases, but the degree of their association with poverty incidence decreases at a lower level. Such scale effect indicates that poverty incidence at lower levels may be affected by more complex factors, including not only the new local ones but also the already appeared non-local ones at higher levels. However, the natural conditions tend to play a scale-independent role to poverty incidence. In response to such scale-dependent patterns and factors, anti-poverty policies can be 1) a multilevel monitoring system to reduce incomplete or even misleading single-level information and understanding; 2) the village-based targeting strategy to increase the targeting efficiency and alleviate the mentioned spatial mismatch; 3) more flexible strategies responding to the local impoverishing factors, and 4) different task emphasises for multilevel policymakers to achieve the common goal of poverty reduction. 相似文献