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1.
水土界面氟的迁移对高氟地下水的形成具有重要影响。以大同盆地典型氟中毒区为例,分析了不同岩性沉积物中的氟质量分数和形态分布特征,并通过室内静态实验,探究了水溶液的pH值、Ca2+、HCO-3以及H2PO-4质量浓度对水土界面氟迁移的影响。研究结果表明,沉积物中不同形态氟按含量由高到低的顺序依次为:残余态氟≥铁锰氧化态氟>水溶态氟>有机束缚态氟>离子交换态氟;各形态氟在不同岩性沉积物中含量大小均表现为:黏土>粉质黏土>粉砂;在沉积物中,黏土矿物和方解石是主要的固氟矿物成分。溶液的pH值、Ca2+、HCO-3以及H2PO-4质量浓度与氟在沉积物表面的吸附-解吸和沉淀-溶解平衡密切相关,沉积物对氟的吸附量随溶液pH值和HCO-3质量浓度增大而降低,随Ca2+和H2PO-4质量浓度增大而增大。 相似文献
2.
在山东省北部(鲁北)地区,当地群众由于长期饮用高氟深层地下水,极易导致地氟病,严重影响当地群众的身体健康。根据取样分析,研究区深层地下水氟离子含量大致呈现由南向北、由东向西依次增大的趋势,并且同一地段不同深度、不同岩性的氟离子含量也不尽相同,粘土中氟离子含量普遍大于粉砂层中的含量,高氟地下水多为弱碱性水,高氟地下水Na/Ca比高,高氟水与Na/Ca呈对数相关,相关性较好;高氟水水化学类型一般为HCO_3·Cl-Na型。从地质环境、水文地质环境、水文地球化学角度初探了鲁北平原深层高氟地下水的水文地球化学成因,认为鲁北深层高氟水的形成及分布规律主要受沉积环境、径流条件以及开采量的影响。由于沉积物来源的不同、水化学特征的迥异以及深层地下水的大量开采,粘土层压密释水过多补给,同时由于粘土层由南向北厚度逐渐增大,地下水径流进一步变缓,造成氟离子含量逐步增高,形成了南北部相差较大的氟离子分布特征。 相似文献
3.
沉积物中氮的赋存形态直接影响其参与生物地球化学循环的进程、途径和贡献大小,探究沉积物中不同氮形态的环境地球化学行为对研究氮的地球化学循环具有重要意义。以海南东寨港红树林湿地沉积物为研究对象,分别采集表层沉积物和柱状沉积物,采用分级浸提法提取不同形态的可转化态氮进行空间分布特征及影响因素分析。结果表明:研究区沉积物中总氮(TN)质量分数在1 149.0~1 690.6 mg/kg之间,总可转化态氮(TTN)的质量分数在464.6~647.5 mg/kg之间,二者均呈现出从上游至入海口逐渐降低的空间分布特征;4种可转化态氮中强氧化剂浸取态氮(SOEF-N)与TTN呈显著正相关,也是最主要的氮形态存在形式。通过沉积物C/N比值分析可知,研究区有机质主要来自污染物的大量排入,东寨港红树林柱状沉积物中TN与含水率、TOC呈极显著的正相关关系,表明氮与有机质具有相似的来源。 相似文献
4.
潜流带(即地表水-地下水交互作用带)是位于地表水和地下水之间发生物质和能量交换的,具有物理、化学、生物梯度的饱和含水带。潜流带内发生着强烈的生物地球化学过程,在改善水环境质量和维持水生态系统稳定中发挥着重要作用。潜流带生物地球化学特征主要受河床沉积物结构特征、水文特征、环境特征、生物群落格局、物质输入等因素的影响,潜流带内C、N、P元素以及有毒金属元素(Fe、Mn、As、Hg等)会发生氧化-还原、吸附与解吸、沉淀与溶解、生物催化等生物地球化学过程。原位监测、数值模拟、原位培养和地球物理探测等技术是潜流带中生物地球化学过程研究中常用的研究手段。未来针对潜流带的研究可以从监测和数值模拟技术、河床沉积物变化特征以及微生物生态系统的结构和功能等方面进一步开展。 相似文献
5.
奎屯河流域水土中氟的分布规律 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对奎屯河流域包气带土壤和地下潜水取样分析,发现从山前洪积砾质倾斜平原到冲洪积平原,氟质量浓度的迁移分布明显具有淋溶-径流、径流-淋溶蒸发、溶滤-强烈蒸发浓缩3个水文地球化学分带。氟质量浓度在细粒粘土粉土层中相对较高,而在砂层中相对较低,无论属于哪种岩性结构在地下潜水位附近氟含量都相对较高。该流域内3条河流氟质量浓度均为上游低下游高,且在流域上游增幅相对较小而在下游增幅相对较大。环河道由近河岸到远河岸水土中氟质量浓度也逐渐增加。初步分析认为,该内陆平原地区氟的富集是以蒸发浓缩作用为主。运用热力学理论进行了验证,水土中氟的水平分布规律是一致的,并可相互转化。 相似文献
6.
在内陆干旱区,作为重要饮用水源的地下水常面临氟含量超标问题。查明内陆干旱区高氟地下水的分布规律,了解氟在地下水中的富集过程及其影响因素,既可丰富高氟地下水的研究体系,也是保证内陆干旱区饮水安全的重要基础。以新疆阿克苏地区典型山前洪积扇——依格齐艾肯河-喀拉玉尔滚河河间地带为研究区,基于水文地球化学调查结果,刻画了高氟地下水的分布区;结合氟离子含量与特征性水化学指标间的关系,揭示了高氟地下水的成因机制。结果表明:①地下水中氟含量的变化范围为0.8~6.1 mg/L,83%的水样氟含量超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）规定的上限（1.0 mg/L）;②总体上,氟含量沿地下水流动路径逐渐增大,低氟地下水（ρ（F-）≤1.0 mg/L）分布在国道314以北的补给区,高氟地下水（ρ（F-）>1.0 mg/L）分布在国道314以南的径流区和排泄区;③高氟地下水的水化学类型以Cl·HCO3-Na型为主,而低氟地下水则以Cl·SO4-Na型为主,高氟地下水相比于低氟地下水优势阴离子偏向于HCO3-;④地下水的pH值范围为7.9~8.9（均值为8.4）,表明其处于弱碱环境中。地下水中ρ（F-）与pH值呈正相关,此外构成浅层含水层的上更新统沉积物中含有黑云母、氟磷灰石等矿物,其表面存在一定数量的可交换F-,这表明水中OH-与矿物表面F-间的阴离子交换可能对氟的富集有一定贡献;⑤地下水的F-含量与Ca2+含量呈负相关,即高氟地下水中ρ（Ca2+）小于低氟地下水。考虑到氟化钙（CaF2）是自然界中的主要含氟矿物,也是地下水中氟的主要来源,ρ（F-）与ρ（Ca2+）间的这种负相关指示着高氟地下水中可能存在去Ca2+、Mg2+作用,如阳离子交替吸附或碳酸盐岩沉淀等。研究区地下水样中ρ（F-）与ρ（Mg2+）间也呈负相关关系,且和ρ（F-）与ρ（Ca2+）间的关系高度相似,也佐证了高氟地下水中去Ca2+、Mg2+作用的存在;⑥绝大部分地下水样品都位于氯碱性指数图的负值区域,且ρ（F-）与CAI-1和CAI-2均呈较好负相关,CAI-1和CAI-2都随ρ（F-）的增大而减小,这表明高氟地下水中存在Ca2+、Mg2+与Na+间更强的交换作用,对氟富集起着重要作用。地下水中ρ（F-）与SAR间呈较好正相关关系,且高氟地下水样的SAR均值（5.71）远大于低氟地下水SAR均值（1.67）,这也进一步证明高氟地下水中的Ca2+、Mg2+与含水介质的Na+间存在强烈的交替作用,对氟的富集起着重要作用;⑦所有地下水样中的萤石均处于未饱和状态,且萤石的饱和指数（SI）与F-含量间呈现较好的正相关,这表明地下水对含氟矿物（主要是萤石）的持续溶解应是导致研究区地下水中氟富集的主要原因。与之相反,研究区所有地下水样中的方解石均处于过饱和状态（SI>0）。这表明CaCO3的沉淀可能促进了CaF2的溶解,导致地下水中氟离子质量浓度增高;⑧研究区低氟地下水的δ18O值介于-11.20‰~-10.67‰间,平均值为-10.94‰,而高氟地下水的δ18O值介于-11.65‰~-11.21‰间,平均值为-11.49‰,即低氟地下水较高氟地下水富集δ18O。此外,F-质量浓度较低（ρ（F-）≤3.0 mg/L）的地下水样中δ18O值与F-质量浓度呈负相关,即低氟地下水具有更正的δ18O值;F-质量浓度较高（ρ（F-）≥4.8 mg/L）的地下水样中δ18O值与F-质量浓度的相关性不显著,随F-质量浓度的增高,δ18O值基本维持不变。以上表明蒸发浓缩作用对地下水中氟的富集贡献较小;⑨研究区地下水中ρ（F-）/ρ（Cl-）比值与ρ（F-）间呈现正相关,即ρ（F-）/ρ（Cl-）比值随ρ（F-）增高呈增大趋势,这也说明地下水中氟富集的主要原因是含氟矿物的溶解,而不是蒸发浓缩作用。此外,Gibbs图也提供了证据:研究区地下水样基本处于水岩作用主导区域,表明地下水化学特征（包括氟的富集）主要受水岩作用控制,蒸发浓缩影响很小。总之,地下水中氟的富集主要由溶解作用引起,OH-与矿物表面F-间的交换也有贡献,但蒸发浓缩作用影响微弱。含氟矿物持续溶解的驱动机制是阳离子交替吸附（地下水中Ca2+与岩土颗粒表面Na+之间）及方解石沉淀所引起的地下水中Ca2+的衰减。 相似文献
7.
山东省高密地区高氟地下水的成因浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
氟中毒是在特定的地理环境中发生的一种生物地球化学性疾病,其形成受多种因素的影响和制约。高密市地势南高北低,最高点海拔92 m,最低点海拔7.5 m;地下水主要以大气降水为补给源,水位标高由南向北逐渐降低,随着浅层地下水的大量蒸发,致使地下水中氟含量不断增高,最后形成高氟地下水。高密市氟中毒是由饮用高氟地下水引起的。高密市北部6镇地下水氟含量一般为5 mg/L,极值达到18.00 mg/L,当地居民长期饮用高氟水,致使部分人群发生氟中毒,对其身心健康造成极大伤害。 相似文献
8.
9.
海岸带是地球表层物质、能量和信息流通交换最活跃区域之一,具有动态变化的盐度、溶解氧等地球化学梯度,其界面过程体现在大气降水-河水-海水-地下水-沉积物之间的物质循环和能量交换。在人类活动与气候变化双重影响下,海岸带面临着气候灾害、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、滨海湿地退化、水体富营养化以及重金属、新型污染物等生态环境问题,成为地球科学和环境科学领域研究的热点。本文围绕海岸带水文-生物地球化学循环、人类活动影响下的海岸带环境问题、海岸带环境对气候变化的响应、海岸带海陆交互界面观测新技术新方法4个方面,综述了国内外研究进展与发展趋势,展望了海陆交互作用及其生态环境效应研究的未来发展方向。 相似文献
10.
Hf是一种高场强元素,在地壳中的丰度较低,往往以类质同象的形式进入锆石中。以氟铪酸钾(K_2HfF_6)络合物为研究对象,观察它们在富水热液中的水解程度,进而研究Hf元素在地质过程中的迁移行为。结果表明:K_2HfF_6络合物在热液条件下能发生一定程度的水解反应,总体趋势为络合物的初始质量浓度越低且反应的温度越高,其水解程度越剧烈,络合物的稳定性也就越低;获得了高温高压条件下K_2HfF_6络合物的累积水解平衡常数。同时运用实验模拟的方法,根据提取液中Hf元素含量来推测矿物结晶时富氟流体中Hf元素含量,若以K_2HfF_6络合物最高配位的离子团形迁移时,Hf与F元素之间的质量浓度比值为1.6,据此可以计算成矿流体所需的最小F元素含量。 相似文献
11.
山东黄河冲积平原区地氟病与地球化学环境相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东黄河冲积平原区是山东省地氟病的重病区,危害严重。选择其中的郓城、嘉祥、博兴3县进行土壤氟含量、饮水氟含量、儿童尿氟、儿童氟斑牙检出率、氟斑牙指数、成人尿氟、成人氟骨症检出率等指标进行调查,结果表明区内土壤、饮水氟含量和群体的尿氟含量普遍较高,高氟的危害和地方性氟中毒病情十分严重。在分析氟元素在土壤、饮水中的分布及变化规律的基础上,开展地方性氟中毒病与生态地球化学环境相关性研究,认为地方性氟中毒病与土壤中氟含量、饮水氟含量呈正相关关系。 相似文献
12.
Sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus stock enhancement by releasing hatchery-produced seeds is a management tool used to recover its population under natural environmental conditions. To assess the suitability of releasing sites, we examined the microbiota of the gut contents of A. japonicus from two populations(one in sandy-muddy seagrass beds and one in rocky intertidal reefs) and the microbiota in their surrounding sediments. The activities of digestive and immune-related enzymes in the A. japonicus were also examined. The results indicated that higher bacterial richness and Shannon diversity index were observed in all the seagrass-bed samples. There were significant differences in intestinal and sediment microorganisms between the two habitats, with a 2.87 times higher abundance of Firmicutes in the seagrass bed sediments than that in the reefs. Meanwhile, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly higher abundant in the gut content of A. japonicus from seagrass bed than those from the reefs. In addition, the seagrass-bed samples exhibited a relatively higher abundance of potential probiotics. Principal coordinates analysis and heatmap showed the bacterial communities were classifi ed into two groups corresponding to the two habitat types. Moreover, compared to A. japonicus obtained from rocky intertidal habitat, those obtained from the seagrass bed showed higher lysozyme, superoxide dismutase and protease activities. Our results suggest that bacterial communities present in seagrass beds might enhance the digestive function and immunity of A. japonicus. Therefore, compared with the rocky intertidal reef, seagrass bed seems to be more beneficial for the survival of A. japonicus. 相似文献
13.
近几年的环境调查研究表明，山东省淄博市大武地下水水源地上游邻近石化厂区出现严重的地下管道石油污染物持续泄漏的现象。堠皋—柳杭地段地下水环境在成为集中污染区的同时，水化学环境也发生了迥然的变化：地下水中电子接受体溶解氧、ＮＯ－３几乎未检出，ＳＯ４２－呈低值分布。这是因为地下水中存在微生物降解烃污染物的作用所致，其作用机理包括需氧降解、脱硝降解、脱硫降解以及有Ｆｅ３＋参与的降解作用。然而由于该地段需氧降解、脱硝降解难以持续自行进行，导致生物降解污染物的速度降低。进一步研究生物降解速度，以提高地下水中电子接受体的浓度，增强微生物的活性，将有利于治理方案的制订与实施。 相似文献
14.
The heavy mineral compositions of the sediments in core D04 with a length of 20.2 m from the muddy area outside the Oujiang Estuary along the coast of Zhejiang-Fujian Provinces have been analyzed. Core D04 can be divided into three units: DU1(0–7.4 m), DU2(7.4–11.4 m) and DU3(11.4–20.2 m). The results showed that the heavy minerals are authigenic pyrite(65.6%)– hornblende(16.0%) – epidote(4.6%) assemblages. The core sediments are mainly composed of clayey silt, which belongs to the clinoform deposit formed since 5.8 kyr, indicating a weak hydrodynamic environment. The deposition rates changed in the trend of high-low-high upward. Quantitative analysis shows that the core sediments were mainly from the suspended sediments of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, accounting for 79.2%, with only 10.0% from Oujiang, and 10.8% from other provenance. The Oujiang-derived sediments were gradually increased from the bottom unit DU3(3.1%) to the top unit DU1(17.8%), but the Changjiang-derived sediments were gradually decreased. The source changes are closely related to the development of Yangtze River Delta and Wenzhou Bay, climate changes and human activities. During the period of 2.1–3.7 kyr, the sediment supply was greatly reduced due to the poor reclamation capacity of the river basins, resulting in a low deposition rate. Since 2 kyr, the enhancement of human activities in the Yangtze River Basin and the Oujiang River Basin led to more soils to be eroded and transported to the study area. Due to the short distance of the site of core D04 from the Oujiang River mouth, the study area received more Oujiang-derived sediments when upper unit(DU1) deposited than the lower units(DU2 and DU3). 相似文献
15.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,(3)
The southern Laizhou Bay is mainly composed of silt-sandy coasts with diverse landforms, and its marine hydrodynamic environment is sensitive to human activities. Marine hydrodynamic and sedimentary environments of the study area have changed under the influence of large-scale port projects in recent years. In this paper, the evolution of hydrodynamic environment, deposition rate, and geochemical characteristics were studied based on sediment grain size, element analysis and ~(210)Pb dating of two cores, in order to analyze the influence of Weifang Port on marine environmental evolution, and provide theoretical and practical basis for protecting marine environment in developing marine resources reasonably. Results showed that sediments of the two cores were relatively coarser and mainly composed of silty sand. Sediments above 230 cm in core WF1 and 218 cm in core WF2 were deposited since 1855 when the Yellow River appeared to deposit its sediments within the modern active delta, and the average deposition rate was between 0.3 and 0.5 cm a~(-1). Implement of Weifang Port projects in 1997 and 2007 created great influence on the sedimentary environment evolution in the surrounding waters, and the deposition rate was significantly increased. The average annual deposition rates were 5.1 cm and 3.5 cm in WF1 and WF2 respectively between 1997 and 2007. Content of heavy metals in sediments showed no obvious change in the vertical, indicating that the heavy metals were less affected by human activity and there was no significant accumulation of such metals in the study area. 相似文献
16.
Sediment cores (∼40–100 cm) were collected at 12 locations in the western Bohai Bay, the Haihe River estuary, the Yongding
River estuary and the Tianjin Harbor, China, during 24–26 July 2007, and analyzed for 7Be and 210Pb activities. Due to localized hydrodynamic patterns and frequent disturbance from dredging activities, steady-state sedimentation
features were not observed in this study. As demonstrated in the 7Be and 210Pb profiles, the temporal and spatial variations of these radionuclides support a non-steady state depositional environment
in the study area. By comparing 7Be and 210Pb inventories in the sediments with those of the atmospheric source, we found that: 1) sediments dredged from the Tianjin
Harbor or eroded from nearby estuarine and coastal areas are retained in the western Bohai Bay for relatively short intervals
(several months), as reflected in the relatively high 7Be inventories in the western Bohai Bay; 2) over the long-term (years to decades), 210Pb inventories in the sediments imply that there is a net on-shore transport of sediments, and the sediments are mass-balanced
in the entire study area. Overall, our results suggest that the sediments are retained in the estuaries and the western Bohai
Bay despite local variability in sediment dynamics and disturbance due to human activities. 相似文献
17.
Minghui Li Shichang Kang Liping Zhu Feiyue Wang Junbo Wang Chaolu Yi Xiaomin Fang Manping Xie 《山地科学学报》2009,6(4):346-353
In lacustrine sediments, aragonite is a widespread mineral, whereas monohydrocalcite is a rare carbonate mineral. In the cold and high-attitude Xizang （Tibetan） Plateau, where aragonite has been commonly found in lacustrine sediments, there is no aragonite, but low-Mg calcite, monohydrocalcite and trace dolomite. The lake receives solutes primarily from surface runoffs and remains fairly constant water chemistry for a long time. The total CaCO3 percentage in sediments could be controlled by evaporation and inflow of detrital materials. The absence of aragonite is unusual when compared to other lacustrine sediments from the Tibetan Plateau. This could be due to low Ca/Mg ratio, low salinity, low Mg and Ca concentration. Monohydrocalcite might precipitate from the lake water mediated by biological activities. Low-Mg calcite originated from minor ostracoda shell and the precipitation of lake water with biological activities. 相似文献